(Quartermaster  4&tumV$  (Office, 


at      '*J&rih-LeAS 


'tC  /7L^ 


M.    C.    MEIGS, 

Quart*  nun.-  ml, 

11, -t.  Maj.  Gen'l,  U.  S.  A. 


I.1 


(ijniimaity   of   ^alifoniia. 


./Vo. 

Division 

Range 


vyj.r 


Shelf 

Received  e  w..J~     187 


W.A.R     DEPARTMENT, 
QUARTERMASTER  GENERAL'S  OFFICE 

Washington,    D.   C. 


OUTLINE   DESCRIPTION 


U.  S.  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS 


THE     YEA.R     1871. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT     PRINTING     OFFICE, 
1872. 


A7" 


A  • 


CIRCULAR. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT, 

<(>t'ARTERM  ASTER    GENERAL'S  OFFICE, 

Washington,  August,  1871. 

The  following  "Outline  Descriptions"  of  United  Stales  military  posts  and  stations, 
compiled  from  information  furnished  by  division  commanders  and  quartermasters,  is 
published  by  authority  of  the  Secretary  of  War  for  the  information  of  officers  of  the 
Army. 

M.  C.  MEIGS, 
Quartermaster  Genera?,  Brevet  Major  General  United  States  Army. 


ALPHABETICAL    INDEX     OF    POSTS    DESCRIBED. 


Abercrombie,  Port,  Dakota  Territory   229 

Adams,  Fort,  Rhode  Island 121 

Advance  Towers,  ( dependencies  of  Fort  Taylor) 35 

Alcatraz,  Fort,  California - 1 

Allegheny  Arsenal,  Pennsylvania  -• 122 

Andrews,  Fort,  Massachusetts 123 

Angel  Island,  California 84 

Arbnckle,  Fort.  Indian  Territory 196 

Atlanta,  Tost  of,  »  leorgia II 

Augusta  Arsenal,  Georgia 12 

Austin,  Post  of,  Texas :!7 

Barnett,  Post  of,  Georgia I  :i 

Barrancas,  Post  of,  Florida ....  I .! 

Bascom,  Fort,  New  Mexico 197 

Raton  Rouge  Barracks,  Tost  of,  Louisiana 38 

m  ard,  Fort,  New  Mexico 198 

Benicia  Barracks,  California -r, 

Bi dwell.  Camp,  California 87 

Bliss,  Fort,  Texas ' 39 

Boise,  Fort,  Idaho 97 

Bowie.  Camp,  Arizona  Ten itory : 65 

Brady,  Fort,  Michigan 17  1 

Bridger,  Fort,  Wyoming  Territory 217 

Brown,  Fort,  Texas 10 

Brunswick,  Post  of,  Georgia |.| 

Buford,  Fort,  Dakota  Territory 230 

Cady,  Camp,  California i;i; 

Cape  Disappointment,  Fort,  Washington  Territory  '.is' 

Carlisle  Barracks,  Pennsylvania 104 

Caswell,  Fort,  North  Carolina [25 

Champlain  Arsenal,  Vermont 126 

Charleston,  Post  of.  South  Carolina IT, 

Charleston  Arsenal,  South  Carolina 16 

Chattanooga,  Post  of,  Tennessee 16 

Clark,  Fort,  Texas 41 

Clark's  Point,  Fort  at.  Massachusetts 127 

Colorado,  Camp.  Arizona  Territory 67 

Columbus  Arsenal,  Ohio 17;, 

Columbus,  Fort,  New  York  Harbor 128 

Columbia,  Post  of,  South  Carolina 17 

Colville,  Fort,  Washington  Territory 99 

Concho,  Fort,  Texas 41 

'  onstitution,  Fort,  New  Hampshire 129 

Coi ik,  Camp,  Montana  Territory l»:!| 

■     i  iuth,  Post  of,  Mississippi 18 

i  orsicana,  Post  of,  Texas 42 

Craig,  Fort,  New  Mexico |gg 

I  i  ittenden,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory 6S 

( 'un linings,  Fort,  New  Mexico 200 

1  lalles,  Fort,  Oregon 100 

!  late  Creek,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory 69 

David's  Island,  New  York  Harbor 130 

Davis,  Fort,  Texas 4:'. 

Delaware,  Fort,  Delaware 131 


Detroit  Arsenal,  Michigan I7."> 

I  lodge.  Fort,  Kansas 20(1 

Douglas,  Camp,  Wyoin  i      Tei  itory '.'!- 

Drum  Barracks,  California   70 

Duncan,  Fort.  Texas II 

Dutch  Island,  Fort  on,  Rhode  island 133 

Ellis,  Fort,  Mon          I        ory 232 

Fetterman,  Fort,  Wyoming  Territory 219 

Foote,  Fori,  Maryland 134 

Fort  Valley.  Pes:  of,  Georgia 19 

Frank  ford  Arsenal,  Pennsj  Ivania 135 

Fred.  Steele,  Fort,  Wyoming    I  

Garland,  Fort,  Colorado  Territory 201 

Gaston,  Camp,  California 

Gibson,  Fort.  Indian  Territory 

ges,  Fort,  Maine 135 

Grant,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory 7  1 

I        iot,  Fort,  Michigan 176 

Grenada,  Camp  at,  Mississippi 19 

:    Fort,  Texas 15 

( iriswold,  Fort,  Connecticut 135 

Hale.  Fori.  Connecticut 136 

Ilalleck,  Camp,  Nevada '-'■' 

Hall.  Fort.  Idaho  Territory II  1 

Hamilton,  Fort,  New  York  Harbor 137 

Darker,  Fort,   Kansas 

Harney,  Camp.  ( Iregon 102 

Hays,  Fort,  Kansas.. -i 

Itualpai,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory ' '-' 

Humboldt,  Post  of,  Tennessee 21 

Iluntsville,  Tost  of,  Alabama 21 

Independence,  Camp.  California "  ' 

Independence,  Fort,  Massachusetts 137 

Indianapolis  Arsenal,  Indiana I". 

Jackson,  Post  of,  Mississippi  22 

Jackson  Barracks,  Post  of,  Louisiana I|; 

Jackson,  Fort,  Louisiana I  • 

Jacksonville,  l'o                      una 23 

Jefferson,  Fort,  Florida 

Jefferson,  Post  of,  Texas i- 

Johnson,  Fort,  North  Carolina 139 

Kearney,  Fort,  Nebraska '-'"-'' ' 

Kennebec  Arsenal,  Maine.. 11" 

Key  West  Barracks,  Florida 24 

Klamath,  Fort,  Oregon l";i 

Knox,  Fort,  Maine ID 

Kodiak,  Fort,  Alaska 104 

Lafayette,  Fort.  New  York  Harbor Ml 

I  apwai.  Fort,  Idaho  Territory 105 

Laramie,  Fort,  Wyoming  Ten  it  iry - 221 

Lamed,  Fort,  Kansas 

Leavenworth,  Fort,  Kansas 

Lebanon,  Post  of,  Kentucky '-'■' 

Lee,  Fort.  Massachusetts M- 


6 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX  OF  POSTS  DESCRIBED. 


Lon°   I '          I                   >!"     ■"  li;l  -•    '        '  "'•'-' 

... 

Lowell,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory 

I      n, Fort, Colorado  Territory •-''"'' 

Macon,  Fort,  North  Carolina 143 

Mackinac,  Fort,  Michigan I* 

on  Barracks,  Post  of,  New  fork 179 

ary,  Fort,  Maine I-H 

rmit,  Camp,  Nevada 91 

McDowell,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory 74 

McHemy,  Fort,  Maryland 145 

Mcintosh,  Fort,  Texas 18 

McKavett,  Fort,  Texas 49 

McPherson,  F  irt,  Nebraska 221 

McRae,  Fort,  New  Mexico .'"7 

Mifflin,  Fort,  Pennsylvania 117 

Mobile,  Post  of,  Alabama 26 

Mojavo,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory 7ti 

Monroe,  Fort,  Virginia 149 

Monroe  Fort,  Arsenal,  Virginia 148 

Montgomery,  Post  of,  Alabama  '.'7 

Montgomery,  Fort,  New  York 150 

Mount  Vernon  Arsenal,  Alalia  ma    -J7 

Nashville,  Post  of,  Tennessee 28 

Natchez,  Tost  of,  Mississippi SO 

Newport  Barracks,  Kentucky 31 

New  San  Diego,  California 77 

New  York  Arsenal,  New  fork  Harbor 151 

tra,  Fort,  New  fork 181 

North  Platte  Station,  Nebraska 

1  l    i'ial.1  Station, Nebraska !23 

lia  Barracks,  Nebraska   " 224 

Ontario,  Fort,  New  York |82 

Phoenix,  Fort,  Massachusetts 153 

Pickering,  Fort,  Massachusetts 151 

Pikesville  Arsenal,  Maryland 152 

Pike,  Fort,  Louisiana 50 

Plattsburgh  Barracks,  Post  of,  New  York       153 

Plum  Cierk  Si  a  tin  ii,  Nel  ira  ska 224 

Popham,  Fort,  Maine 154 

i ,  Fort,  New  fork 184 

P  eble,  Fort,  Maine IT,;, 

Presidio  of  San  Francisco,  California 92 

Pulaski,  Post  of  Fort,  Georgia 32 

Quitman,  Fort,  Texas f,l 

fb,  P f.  North  Carolina |.,lj 

Randall,  Fort,  Dakota  Territory 233 

om,  Fort, Dakota  Territory 234 

Reynolds,  Fort,  Colorado  Territory 208 

Rice,  Fort,  I  lakota  Territory 235 

Richardson,  Fort,  Texas 52 

Riley,  Fort,  Kansas 209 

Ringgold  Barracks,  Post  of,  Texas 53 

Ripley,  Fort,  Minnesota 235 

ne  Arsenal,  New  York |,-,S 

ell,  It.  A..  Fort,  Wyoming  Territory 225 

San  A  lit.. i:i.  1.  Post  Of,  Texas ,-,  | 

San  Antonio  Arsenal,  Post  of,  Texas 

Sandy  Hook,  Fort.New  York  Harbor 158 

Sanders,  Fort,  Wyoming  Territoi  v 226 

sau  Jose'  Point,  California ill 

■loan  Island, Camp,  Washington  Territory 107 

1        1     Georgia 33 


Pagi 

Scammel,  Fort,  Maine 158 

Schuyler,  Fort;  New  Y'ork  Harbor 156 

Schuylkill  Arsenal,  (clothing  depot,)  Pennsylvania  ..  150 

Si  dgwick,  Fort,  Colorado  Territory 226 

Seldeu,  Fort,  New  Mexico 209 

Sewell,  Fort,  Massachusetts 160 

Shaw  .  Fort.  Montana  Territory 236 

Shreveport,  Post  of,  Louisiana 55 

Sidney  Station,  Nebraska 227 

Sill,  Fort,  Indian  Territory 210 

Sitka ,  Alaska 1 09 

Smith,  Fort,  Arkansas 211 

Snelliug,  Fort.  Minnesota 2:i7 

Springfield  Armory,  Massachusetts 161 

Standish,  Fort,  Massachusetts 161 

Stanton,  Fort,  New  Mexico 212 

Stevens,  Fort,  Oregon 110 

St.  Philip,  Fort,  Texas 57 

Stevenson,  Fort,  Dakota  Territory 238 

Stockton,  F.nl.  Texas 56   ■ 

Sullivan,  Fort,  Maine 162 

Sully, Fort,  Dakota  Territory 239 

Suinioerville,  Post  of,  Georgia 33 

Supply,  Camp,  Indian  Territory 212 

Taylor  Barracks,  Post  of,  Kentucky 34 

Taylor,  Fort,  Key  West,  Florida 34 

Thomas,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory 78 

Three  Forks  1  Iwyhee,  Camp.  Idaho Ill 

Tongas,  Fort,  Alaska  Territory 112 

Totten,  Fort,  Dakota  Territory 240 

Trumbull,  Fott.  Connecticut 1611 

Tuscaloosa,  Post  of,  Alabama 35 

Union,  Fort,  New  Mexico 213 

Vancouver,  Fort,  Washington  Territory 113 

Verde,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory 7'J 

Waco,  Post  of,  Texas 58 

Wadsworth,  Fort,  New   York  Harbor 164 

W adsworth,  Fort,  Dakota  Territory 240 

vt  alia- Walla,  Fort,  Washington  Territory Ill 

Wallace,  Fort.  Kansas "-'14 

Winner,  Camp,  Oregon 116 

Warren,  Fort,  Massachusetts 164 

Warrenton,  Post  of,  Georgia 36 

Washington  Arsenal,  Washington,  D.  C 166 

Washington,  Fort,  Maryland 167 

Watertown  Arsenal,  Massachusetts 168 

Watervliet  Arsenal,  New  York 169 

Wayne,  Foil,  Michigan 185 

Whipple,  Fort,  Arizona  Territory 80 

Wilkins,  Fort,  Michigan 186 

Willett's  Point,  Post  of,  New  York  Harbor 170 

Winfiold  Scott,  Camp,  Nevada 93 

Wingate,  Fort,  New  Mexico 215 

Winthrop,  Fort,  Massachusetts 171 

Wood,  Fort,  New  York  Harbor 172 

Woleott,  Fort,  Rhode  Island 171 

Wright,  Camp,  California '-'4 

Yerba  Buena,  Island,  California 95 

Yuma  Depot,  Arizona  Territory - 1 

Yuma,  Fort,  California 82 

Zaiah,  Fort.  Kansas 216 


MILITARY  DIVISION  OF  THE  SOUTH. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  MILITARY  DIVISION  OF  THE  SOUTH. 


Tlie  Military  Division  of  the  South  was  established  March  Mi,  L8G9,  (General  Orders,  No.  is, 
Adjutant  General's  Office,  L869,)  and  lias  since  been  commanded  by  Major  General  If.  W.  Balleck. 
It  originally  embraced  the  Department  of  the  South,  composed  of  the  States  of  North  Carolina, 

South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama,  and  Florida;  the  Depart ut  of  Louisiana,  composed  of  the 

Stales  of  Louisiana  and  Arkansas;  the  Department  of  the  Cumberland,  composed  of  the  Slates  of 
West  Virginia,  Tennessee,  and  Kentucky;  the  Fourth  Military  District,  consisting  of  the  State  of 
Mississippi. 

This  composition  was  subsequently  changed  as  follows: 

On  the  '-'!ltli  of  January,  1870,  the  States  of  North  Carolina  and  West  Virginia  were  transferred 
to  the  Department  of  Virginia,  and  afterward  to  the  Department  of  the  East,  in  the  Militarj 
Division  of  the  Atlantic, 

On  the  31st  of  March,  Into,  the  Department  of  Louisiana  was  discontinued,  the  Slate  of 
Louisiana  being  merged  into  the  Department  of  Texas  (created  March  31,  L870)  and  Arkansas  into 
the  Department  of  the  Missouri. 

On  the  26th  of  February,  1870,  the  Fourth  Militarj  District  was  discontinued  and  transferred 
to  the  Department  of  the  Cumberland. 

The  Department  of  the  Cumberland  was  broken  up  and  merged  into  the  Department  of  the 
South  June  I,  1870. 

At  this  date  (August,  1871)  it  comprehends  the  Departments  of  the  South  and  Texas,  embracing 
the  Stales  of  South  Carolina.  ( reorgia,  Alabama,  Florida,  Tennessee,  Kentucky,  and  Mississippi  in 
the  I'or r.  and  Louisiana  and  Texas  in  the  latter. 


DEPARTMENT    OF   THE   SOUTH. 


POSTS    DESCRIBED. 


Atlanta,  Georgia. 
Augusta  Arsenal,  '  (eorgia. 
Barnett,  Georgia. 
Barrancas,  Florida.  * 

Brunswick,  Georgia. 
Charleston,  South  Carolina. 
Charleston  Arsenal,  South  Carolina. 
Chattanooga,  Tennessee. 
Columbia,  South  Carolina. 
Corinth,  Mississippi. 
Fort  Valley,  Georgia. 
Grenada,  Mississippi. 
Humboldt,  Tennessee. 
i  Iiiiiim  illr,  Alabama. 
.larks,, ii,  Mississippi. 
Jacksonville,  Alabama. 


Jefferson,  Fort,  Flui  ida. 
Key  West,  Florida. 
1  jebanon,  Kenl  ncky. 
Mobile,  Alabama, 
Montgomery,  AJabam  i 
Mount  Vernon  Arsenal,  Alabama. 
Nashville,  Tenuessee. 
Natchez,  M  ississippi. 
New  port  Barracks,  Kentucky  . 
Pulaski,  Fort,  Georgia. 
Savannah,  >  Jeorgia, 
Suunnerville,  Georgia. 
1         i  Barracks,  Kentuck  ■ 
Taylor,  Fori ,  Floi  ida. 
Tuscaloosa,  AJabama. 
Warreutou,  Georgia. 


POST  OF  ATLANTA,  (McPHERSON  BARRACKS,).  GEORGIA. 

( Established — Sec  Location.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    B}    THOMAS  II.  RUGER,  COLONEL   EIGHTEENTH   INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1870,  COM- 
MANDING OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

I ltion. —  Latitude,  33°  .">!'   north;  longitude,  7°  28'  west   from   Washington.      Elevation, 

1,084  feet  above  low-water  mark  at  Savannah.  Drainage  of  post  and  surrounding  country  good  ; 
location  healthful.  The  post  (McPherson  Barracks)  is  situated  in  the  citj  of  Atlanta,  Georgia, 
which  is  the  post  office.  The  post  has  been  maintained  since  lh<'  war.  The  precise  date  of  its 
establishment  is  not  known.    The  earliest  dale  at  the  post  is  January  17,  isui;. 

Quarters. — For  a  regiment  of  infantry  ;  ten  company  barracks,  with  kitchens,  mess  room,  and 
laundresses'  quarters  to  each  barrack.  The  barracks  were  constructed  for  one  hundred  men  each, 
but  are  of  comfortable  capacity  for  only  eighty  men.  Each  barrack-room  is  27  bj  126  feet,  and  15 
feet  high,  interior  measure.  <  >fiicers'  quarters,  thirty-three  s<  ts,  including  one  set  for  surgeon  and 
one  for  chaplain,  in  niueteen  separate  buildings.  All  barracks  and  quarters  in  good  condition  and 
repair. 

Store-houses. — One  two-story  building,  46  by  47  feet,  consisting  of  main  building  of  eight 
rooms,  used  for  offices  and  quarters  of  mm  commissioned  staff,  and  two  wings,  each  29  l>\  oOJ,  feet, 
one  for  quartermaster's  stores  ami  one  lor  commissary  stoics.  One  of  the  rooms  in  lower  part  of 
main  building  is  used  as  a  store  room  tor  subsistence  stores.  One  of  the  company  barracks  is  at 
present  used  for  quartermaster's  stores,  (transferred  to  the  post  from  depot  at  Atlanta,  which  was 
discontinued  October  9  of  last  year,)  the  quartermaster's  storeroom  proper  not  having  sufficient 
capacity.  Three  buildings,  each  1 7 A  by  20  feet,  used,  respectively  as  blacksmith-shop,  granary,  and 
carpenter- shop.  Stables,  two  buildings,  each  27  by  5G  feet,  having  sixteen  stalls.  Bakery,  one 
brick  building,  47  by  21  feet.  Magazine,  built  of  brick,  12  by  16  feet.  All  buildings  at  the  post 
are  of  wood,  except  the  bakery  and  magazine. 


12  DESCBIPTiONS  OF  M1LITAKY  POSTS  AMI  .STATIONS. 

•  Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — One  building,  consisting  of  main  building  for  administration 
purposes,  and  two  wings  for  wards.  Capacity,  eighteen  beds,  on  plan  issued  in  Circular  No.  -1. 
Surgeon  General's  *  >ffice,  series  of  L807.  Guard  house,  three  rooms  aud  fifteen  cells;  one  room  for 
the  officer  of  the  guard,  one  for  guard,  aud  one  for  prisoners. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — Quartermaster's  depots  al  Charleston,  South.  Carolina,  and  Jefferson- 
\  ille,  Indiana  ;  subsistence  depots  at  Louisville,'Kentucky,  and  <  Jharleston,  South  Carolina.  Sub- 
sistence, two  months' supply  kept  on  hand.  Stores  are  distributed,  to  some  extent,  from  tin' stores 
on  hand  to  adjacent  posts,  uuder  the  direction  of  the  chief  commissary,  Department  of  the  South. 

Watek  and  w  ood. —  Water  for  daily  use  obtained  from  wells  within  the  limits  of  the  garrison  ; 
quality,  good.  There  are  two  cisterns  for  use  in  ease  of  lire:  capacity,  L00,000  gallons.  This 
water  can  be  used  by  steam  fire  engine  kept  at  post.     Wood  purchased  in  open  market  at  present. 

I  \|>I  LNS. —  None. 

Mines.— N< 

Communications. — By  the  various  railroads  radiating  from  Atlanta,  Georgia. 

Reservation. — The  barracks  are  upon  fifty-three  acres  of  ground,  leased  at  $1,000  per  year 
for  five  years  from  October  1,  LS67,  with  pri\  ilege  of  five  more  at  $2,000  per  year,  the  Government 
paying  all  taxes,  and  having  the  privilege  (or  its  assigns)  of  mo^  ing  buildings  within  limit  of  lease. 

Description  op  the  country. — None. 


POST  OF  AUGUSTA   ARSENAL,  GEORGIA. 
(Established  in   1821.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    i:v    II.    W.    FLAGLER,    CAPTAIN    01      OKDNANCE,    AUGUS'l      1870,    COMMANDING 

OFFICER     \T    fill:   TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  33  27';  longitude,  81° 54'.  The  post  is  situated  three  and  a  half  miles 
from  the  city  of  Augitsta  and  three  miles  from  the  Savannah  River.  Post  office  at  Augusta, 
<  reorgia. 

Quarters. — One  brick  barracks,  for  thirty-five  men,  in  good  repair.  Officers' quarters,  two 
sets,  in  good  repair. 

Store  bouses. — <  >ne  garret  room  of  office,  w I,  30  by  LC  feet,  for  clot  hiug, camp  and  garrison 

equipage.  One  commissary  store-room,  brick,  35  by  20  feet,  in  -ood  repair.  Besides  the  above 
there  are  store  houses,  shops,  magazines,  &C,  belonging  to  the  arsenal,  and  used  for  arsenal  pur- 
poses. Store-house  capacity  for  200,000  muskets  and  L80  guu-carriages.  Capacity  of  powder  maga- 
zine, 250,000  pounds;  capacity  of  ammunition  magazine,  7,800,000  musket  cartridges.  Shops  for 
repairs,  steam  power,  &c.     The  arsen  d  is  desigu  ited  as  an  ■•  i.rs  sn  il  of  Construction." 

Hospital,  guardhouse,  &c. — One  room,  20  by  22  feet,  and  dispensary,  20  by  8  feet,  in  an 
old  brick  building  in  fair  repair.  Guard-house,  new  brick  building,  L8  by  -I  feet,  in  -ood  order. 
Bakery  in  old  brick  building,  l.'h  bj   Lo  feet,  in  good  order. 

Supply  depots,  <N<'. — Charleston,  South  Caroliua,  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  miles  distant 
li,\  railroad,  and  Atlanta,  Georgia,  one  hundred  and  seventy-three  miles  distant  l>\  railroad.  Sub 
sistence,  i  hree  months'  supply  dravi  n  in  bulk  ;  one  month's  supply  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — Water  is  hauled  from  a  well,  which  is  L70  feet  deep,  and  from  cisterns. 
fuel  is  supplied  !>.\  contract. 

[NDIANS. — None. 

Mines. — None. 

COMM1  N1CATIONS.— None. 

Reservation.— None. 

Description  op  run  country. — The  arsenal  is  in  a  belt  known  as  " Sand  Hill  Region  ol 
Georgia."  Soil — while  sand.  Timber — small  yellow  pirn-,  and  blackjack  and  scrub-oak  under 
growth.  Climate  warm.  Average  spring  temperature,  51  GO';  summer,  70  liii  :  fall,  70°;  winter, 
■  ■I  .     Rain-fall  during. the  year,  12.34  inches.     Health  of  the  arsenal  is  generally  fair. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITAKY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  13 

POST  OF  BARNETr,  GEORGIA. 

(Established  in  1870.) 

[NFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  JACOB  KLINE,  CAPTAIN   EIGHTEENTH   [NFANTKY,  APRIL,  1870,  COMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  33  33'  north;  longitude,  S2C  i '■'>'  west  from  Greenwich.  Post  Officeand 
express  agency  at  the  post.  The  nearest  telegrapb  office  is  al  Caniak,  Warren  County,  Georgia, 
eleven  miles  east;  and  the  nearest  in  a  westerly  direction  is  al  Union  Point  Green,  west-by-north, 
fourteen  miles  distant,  all  on  the  Georgia  Railroad. 

Ql  aim'f.ks. — Nunc — the  officers  and  enlisted  men  live  in  tents. 

Store-hoi  sj;s. — Nunc— the  railroad  depot,  through  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  ( >'Brien,  railroad  agent, 
is  used  tu  store  property  pertaining  to  the  staff  departments,  wit  In  ml  cost  to  the  Government. 

Hospit  \i..  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C. —  Hospital — no  information  given  in  relation  to.  <  luard-house — 
common  wall  tent. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  depots  of  supply  are  at  Atlanta,  Georgia,  and  al  Charles- 
ton, South  Carolina.  Supplies  furnished  bj  rail.  Subsistence— two  mouths' supply  generally  on 
band,  or  drawn  at  one  time. 

Water  \m>  wood. — Water  is  obtained  from  two  well.-,  and  wood  is  obtained  from  the  property 
of  Mr.  L.  Battle,  on  whicb  the  camp  is  located.  Wood  is  in  inexhaustible  quantities,  and- obtained 
without  cost  to  the  Government. 

Indians. — None. 

.Minks. — None. 

Communications. — Willi  all  points,  bj  rail. 

Reservation.— None. 

Description  of  the  country. — Land  nearly  all  arable.  Cotton  raised  in  largi  quantities, 
and  wheat,  oats,  corn,  &c,  in  smaller  quantities.  The  inhabitants  devote  nearly  all  their  means 
and  energies  to  the  staple  production  of  the  State — cotton.  Health  of  camp  good;  the  prevailing 
disease  is  intermittent   fever. 


POST  OF  BARRANCAS,   FLORIDA. 

(Comprising  Barrancas  Barracks,  Fori  Barrancas,  and  Fort  Pickens.     Established — see  Location.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY  JOHN    I..    TIERNON,    FIRST    LIEUTENANT   THIRD    ARTILLERY,  AUGUST,  1870, 

COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,30°  19';  longitude,  87°  1G'.  Barrancas  Barracks  and  Fort  Barrancas  are 
situated  on  the  north  side  of  the  entrance  to  Pensacola  Harbor,  and  Fort  Pickens  on  the  extreme 
west  end  of  Santa  Rosa  Island  ami  south  side  of  entrance  to  Pensacola  Harbor.  The  sites  and 
reservation  have  been  occupied  for  military  purposes  since  October  24,  1820,  when  they  were  ceded 
by  Spain  to  the  United  Stales,  at  which  time  there  was  a  small  brick  work,  semicircular  in  shape, 
commanding  the  entrance  to  the  harbor.  II  is  still  standing,  and  is  connected  by  an  under-ground 
passage  with  the  main  work,  built  directly  behind  it  by  the  United  Stales,  and  known  as  Fort  Bar 
rancas.  Warrington  and  Woolsey,  small  towns  on  the  naval  reservation,  about  one  mile  distant. 
are  the  nearest  towns.     Pensacola,  about  nine  miles  distant,  is  the  text  nearest. 

Oi  arters. — Barrancas  Barracks  is  a  large  three  story  brick  building,  19G  by  ."><i  feet,  contain- 
ing fifteen  rooms,  32  by  26  feet  each,  heated  b\  tire-places  in  each  room.  Eight  rooms  are  unfinished  ; 
the  rest  of  the  building  is  in  good  repair.  Fort  Barrancas  is  built  of  brick,  but  has  no  quarters  ; 
it  is  in  good  repair.  Fort  Pickens  is  built  of  brick,  has  seven  casemate  rooms  finished  as  quarters, 
but  which  are  in  bad  repair — very  damp,  and  not  fit  to  be  occupied.     Five  two-storj  brick  buildings, 


14  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

five  feet  in  rear  of  men's  barracks,  used  as  quarters  for  laundresses  and  married  soldiers.  Very 
poorly  ventilated,  and  in  bad  repair;  not  lit  for  the  use  for  which  they  were  built  in  this  climate. 
One  set  of  quarters  for  ordnance  sergeant,  in  good  repair.  Officers'  quarters — five  sets,  frame 
buildings,  lathed  and  plastered,  but  most  of  them  leak  ;  otherwise  in  good  repair. 

Store-houses. — One  plain  pine  building,  <>n  the  wharf,  <>o  bj  •'!<>  feet,  for  hay  and  straw,  also 
used  as  a  general  storeroom.  Another,  mo  by  lo  feet,  about  400  yards  from  the  wharf,  used  as 
commissary  and  quartermaster's  store-house.  Ventilation  very  good;  it  stands  about  1  feet  from 
the  ground.  Opposite  this  is  another  of  the  same  kind  and  dimensions,  used  as  a  carpenter  simp; 
also  oue  25  by  11  feet,  used  as  a  paint-shop,  all  in  good  repair. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Two  frame  buildings,  one  150  by  22  feet,  the  other  90  l>y  no 
feet.  Ventilation  very  good,  and  in  excellent  repair ;  can  accommodate  sixty  patients.  Guard- 
house— one  of  the  buildings  in  rear  til'  men's  barracks,  built  for  laundresses'  quarters,  is  used  for 
this  purpose,  and  does  very  well.  Adjutant's  office — one  of  the  rooms  in  west  end  of  commanding 
officer's  quarters,  IS  by  Hi  feel.  Quartermaster's  office — small  frame  building,  ■!<>  by  L8  feet,  about 
100  yards  west  of  commanding  officer's  quarters,  in  good  repair.  Blacksmith  shop — one-story 
brick  building,  25  by  IS  feet,  in  good  repair.  Bake-house — pine  building,  8G  by  If  feet, containing 
three  ovens,  which  are  capable  of  baking  five  hundred  loaves  at  once,  when  in  good  order;  but  two 
are  useless,  and  the  other,  now  in  use,  is  in  bad  repair.  Stables — two;  one  used  by  commanding 
officer,  and  near  his  quarters,  10  by  10  feet :  carrriage-house  adjoining,  1!>  by  10  feet,  in  bad  repair. 
The  other  is  used  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  is  10  by  10  feet,  has  accommodation  for  ten 
animals,  and  is  in  good  repair. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  New  Orleans, 
Louisiana.  Supplies  are  transported  by  steamers  running  between  New  Orleans  and  Havana,,  and 
generally  by  contract.     Subsistence — three  months'  supplies  is  kept  on  hand. 

WATER  AND  WOOD. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  carried  by  hand,  and  obtained  from 
wells  which  furnish  all  that  is  required.     Wood  is  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — None. 

Communications. — Can  communicate  with  Pensacola,  either  by  land  or  water.  The  mail  is 
carried  between  this  post  and  Pensacola  by  land. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  contains  about  four  square  miles. 

Description  of  the  country. — The  soil  is  white  sand,  ami  not  fit  to  cultivate ;  although 
some  things  have  been  raised  tins  year,  iu  the  company  garden,  by  using  a  great  deal  of  manure, 
&c.  Nq timber  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  post,  it  having,  been  cut  during  the  late  war. 
The  surrounding  country  has  considerable  pine  timber,  and  some  live  oak.  The  climate  is 
excessively  hot  iu  summer,  but  mild  and  delightful  iu  winter.  Average  spring  temperature, 
08°  76';  average  winter  temperature,  19°.     Seasons  dry.     The  health  of  the  post  is  good. 


POST  OF  BRUNSWICK,  GEORGIA.* 
(Established  in  1870.) 

information  given  by  f.  i).  ogilisy,  captain  eighth  infantry,  april,  1870,  commanding 

officer  at  the  time. 

Location.— Situated  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Turtle  River,  al  Brunswick,  Georgia. 

Quarters.— None.     In  tents. 

Store-houses. — None. 

Hospital,  guard  house,  &c. — None.     Requisition  made  for  a  hospital  tent — not  yet  arrived. 
Guard-house — none. 

•   Supply  depots,  &c. — Nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  arc  at  Charleston,  South 
Carolina.     Subsistence —two  months'  supply  on  hand. 


*  Discoutinucil  per  paragraph  III,  S.  O.  No.  195,  Headquarters  Department  of  the  South,  Septemher  5,  1670. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  15 

Water  and  Wood. — Well-water  abundant.    Wood  supplied  bj  contract. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — None. 

Communications. — Either  by  railroad  or  water. 

Reservations. — None. 

Description  of  toe  country.— None. 


POST  ()F  CHARLESTON.  SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
(Established  in  1865.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY  JOHN  R.  EDTE,  lieutenant  colonel  eighth  INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1H70, 

COMMANDING    OFFICER    AT   THE   TIME. 

Location. — North  latitude,  32°  15';  longitude,  7!»    50'  west  from  Greenwich. 

Quarters. — The  officers  and  enlisted  men  occupy  as  quarters  a  brick  building,  said  to  belong 
to  the  State  of  .Smith  Carolina.  It  was  used  as  a  military  academy  before  the  rebellion,  and  for 
military  purposes  by  the  rebel  government  during  its  existence.  <>n  the  arrival  of  the  United 
States  troops  in  Charleston  this  buildiug,  known  as  the  Citadel,  was  occupied  by  them,  and  has 
been  thus  held  to  the  present  time.  The  main  building  is  rectangular,  three  stories  high,  160  by 
108  feet,  with  an  open  area  inside  the  buildiug  L32  by  <>o  feet.  There  arc  stoops  or  balconies  on  the 
second  and  third  stories,  running  ou  all  sides  of  this  area.  There  were  two  rectangular  wings 
attached  to  this  building,  one  of  which  (with  the  exception  of  the  wails)  was  destroyed  by  fire  on 
the  31st  of  October,  1869 ;  the  other  is  still  standing  and  furnishes  good  quarters  for  the  men. 
having  capacity  to  quarter  two  hundred  and  fifty  men.  The  officers'  quarters  are  in  the  main 
building,  and  the  laundresses  are  quartered  in  a  rented  building  within  fifty  paces. 

Store-houses.— The  store-houses  are  in  the  first  story  of  the  main  building,  the  commissary 
occupying  two  large  rooms  and  the  post  quartermaster  one. 

Eospital,  guard-house,  &c. — A  frame  building,  built  by  the  Government,  one  story,  90  by 
25  feet,  with  space  for  about  twenty  patients.  The  guard-house  is  in  the  first  or  lower  story  of  the 
main  building,  and  uses  three  good-sized  rooms — two  for  prisoners  and  one  for  the  guard.  On  the 
south  side  of  the  second  and  third  stories  of  the  main  building  are  the  officers'  quarters ;  and  on 
the  north  side  are  the  headquarters,  quartermaster  and  commissary  offices,  and  two  rooms  used  as 
a  dispensary. 

Supply  depots,  &c — A  depot  of  quartermaster  supplies  is  located  in  this  city;  and,  until 
recently,  a  commissary  depot  also.  The  latter  has  been  recently  discontinued,  and  subsistence 
supplies  are.  now  drawn  in  bulk  from  New  York.  Subsistence— three  months'  supply  is  kept  on 
hand. 

Water  and  wood. — Water  is  supplied  h\  cisterns,  the  garrison  using  two,  the  joint  capacity 
of  which  is  about  35,000  gallons.  When  there  is  any  scarcity,  the  depot  quartermaster  furnishes 
water  in  tanks. 

Indians. — No  Indians  nearer  than  the  extreme  northwest  county  of  the  State  :  a  few  Catawahs 
are  in  that  region. 

Mines. — None. 

Communications. — In  all  directions,  by  rail  and  steamer. 

Reservation. — None. 

Description  of  the  country. — The  country  is  low  and  flat,  soil  sandy;  principal  produc- 
tions, com  and  cotton.  Plenty  of  timber  within  a  \\'\v  miles  of  the  post  and  city,  belonging  to  private 
owners.  All  lumber  used  must  be  purchased,  the  Government  having  no  reserved  land.  The  only- 
ground  used  is  the  square  on  which  the  buildings  used  are  erected,  and  that  is  used  for  a  parade  and 
drill  ground.  It  contains  about  eight  acres.  Climate  in  winter  is  mild  and  pleasant.  In  summer 
it  is  hot.  The  hot  weather  commences  in  May  and  continues  until  October.  The  temperature  in 
summer  seldom  falls  below  80°,  frequently  rising  to  96°.  In  winter  it  ranges  from  35°  to  40°.  The 
population  of  the  city  is  believed  to  be  about  40,000. 


16  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

POST  OF  CHARLESTON  ARSENAL,  SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

(Established  in  1836.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  s.  C.  LYFORD,  CAPTAIN  OF  ORDNANCE,  AUGUST,  1870,  COMMANDING  OFFK  I  R 

AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — North  latitude, 32c  46';  longitude, 79°  57'  west  from  Greenwich.  Situated  within 
the  corporate  limits  of  the  city  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Ashley 
River,  bounded  south  by  Doughty  street,  west  by  Presidenl  street,  north  by  Bee  street,  and  easl 
l>y  Ashley  street.  Posl  office,  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  The  quarters,  grounds,  &c,  are  lighted 
by  gas  obtained  from  city  gas-works. 

Quarters. — One  brick  buildingfor  barracks,  two  stories  high,  78  bj  2SJ  feet,  seven  rooms, 
accommodates  fifty  men:  kitchen  ami  bakery  attached.  Three  small  wooden  buildings,  originally 
intended  for  laboratories,  respectively  5GJ  by  l.v,,  is  by  is,  and  H»  by  It)  feel  ;  two  occupied  as 
quarters  and  one  as  a  bath-house.  Brick  barracks  in  good  condition.  <  (fficers' quarters — one  brick 
building  two  stories  high,  125  bj  40  feet,  in  good  condition. 

Store-houses. — One  brick  building,  three  stories  high,  125  by  40  feet,  in  good  repair.  One 
brick  building,  two  stories  high,  104  by  54J  feet,  good.  One  brick  building,  two  stories  high,  80 
by  3G  feet,  with  two  wings,  one  story  high,  each  li'>!  by  36  feet.  Main  building  good  ;  wingsinbad 
condition.  One  wooden  building,  one  story  high,  160  by  32  feet,  in  good  repair.  One  wooden 
building,  one  story  high,  80  by  3S  feet,  fair,  temporary.     One  powder  magazine  and  wall,  brick, 

one  sloiy  high,  iii  good  condition.     <  >ne  office,  brie!;,  one  story  high,  90  by  It)  feet,  with  store  ro s 

for  subsistence  and  quartermaster's  stores,  all  in  good  repair.  One  wagon-house,  wood,  one  story 
high,  .".!>A  by21  J  feet,  good.  One  stable,  brick,  two  stories  high,  37^  by  33  feet,  good.  One  engine- 
house,  wood,  circular,  25J  feel  in  diameter,  good.     Three  privies,  i of  brick  and  two  of  wood. 

Bospital.  guard  house,  &c. — Noiie  at  post.  Medical  attendance  is  furnished  by  the  Medical 
Department,  a  contracl  surgeon  being  in  attendance  daily.  Sick  are  treated  in  quarters,  or  when 
necessary,  are  sent  to  infantry  hospital  at  Citadel.  Guard-house — situated  at  main  entrance,  one 
story  high,  of  wood.  :_'<>  by  1!)  feet,  in  good  condition. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  depots  are  in  the  city  of  <  lharleston, 
and  have  no  connection  with  this  post.     Subsistence  for  enlisted  men  is  drawn  monthly. 

Water  \\i>  wood. — There  are  al  ike  arsenal  three  cisterns,  wilh  a  capacity  of  54,000  gallons. 
Wood  is  famished  from  the  Quartermaster's  Department  al  Charleston. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — None. 

Communication. — With  all  parts  ok  the  country  bj  railroad  and  telegraph. 

Reservation. — Arsenal  ground  of  11*  acres,  owned  by  the  United  Slates,  inclosed  by  a  wall 
on  which  is  a  pine  picket  fence,  in  exceedingly  bad  order. 

Description  op  the  country.— Atmosphere  generally  very  moist. 


POST  OF  CHATTANOOGA,  TENNESSEE. 

[Established  some  time  during  the  last  war.) 

INFORMATION    GIVES    BY   .1.    S.    CONRAD,   CAPTAIN    SECOND    INFANTRY,    AUGUST,    L870,    COMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — The  present  barracks  were  constructed  and  occupied  by  troops  during  the  month 

'it    August,   1st  17.  and  are  situated  about  one  mile  from  the  town  of  <  JhattanOOga,  near  the  National 

Cemetery,  and  two  miles  from  the  Tennessee  River. 

Quarters. — For  two  companies.    Quarters  for  the  men,  one  frame  buildiug  two  stories  high, 
much  out  of  repair.     Kitchens  and  mess  rooms  in  two  separate  buildings,  in  fair  condition.    The 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  17 

quarters  for  the  company  officers  are  small  frame  buildings.  One  se(  more  is  required  to  complete 
the.  allowance  for  the  officers  of  two  companies,  and  kitchens  arc  required  lor  two  of  the  other  sets. 
There  arc  no  quarters  for  a  post  surgeon. 

Store-houses. — <  >ne  building,  containing  two  rooms  50  bj  Hi  ami  16  by  tl.J  feet,  for  commis- 
sary stores,  ami  one  building  containing  two  rooms  20  by  16  ami  25  b\  IS  feet,  lor  quartermaster's 
stores.    The  quartermaster's  storehouse  is  inadequate,  ami  much  out  of  repair. 

Hospital,  <:;i  AKK-iioisi;,  &c. — A  frame  building,  one  story,  one  ward;  accommodations  lor 
eight  patients.  Guard-house,  a  frame  building,  one  room  lor  guard,  ami  one  Tor  prisoners.  There 
is  a  shed  stable  for  twenty  live  horses,  open  on  one  side,  with  a  granary  ami  saddle  i  oom  attached. 
There  is  also  a  quartermaster's  stable  for  eight  mules,  with  a  carpenter  shop  attached.  The  black- 
smith shop  is  a  small  shed  by  itself.     There  are  three  sets  of  laundresses'  quarters  in  one  building. 

SUPPLY  DEPOTS,  &C. — Are  Louisville,  Kentucky,  and  Atlanta,  Georgia.  The  supplies  arc 
transported  by  railroad.     Subsistence,  three  months*  supply  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  bj  one  well,  and  a  cistern,  for  drinking 
purposes.  The  main  supply  is  hauled  from  the  Tennessee  River,  or  from  a  spring  one  mile  from 
the  post.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — None. 

Communications. — Between  posl  and  nearest  town,  private. 

Reservation. — There  are  about  twenty  acres  occupied  bj  the  garrison,  for  which  no  rent  is 
paid. 

Description  of  the  country. —  A  good  garden  is  comprised  within  the  limits  of  the  garrison. 
The  health  of  the  post  is  good. 


POST  OF  COLUMBIA,  SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

(Established  in  1865.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN   BY  J.  V.  BOMFORD,  COLONEL    EIGHTH    INFANTKY,  Al  Gl  ST,  1870,  COMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  34  north:  longitude,  81  west  from  Greenwich.  The  post  is  situated 
on  the  outskirts  of  the  citj  of  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Congaree  River. 
Post  office  at  the  post. 

QUARTERS. — For  three  hundred  and  twentj  men,  three  one-storj  wooden  buildings,  in  good 
condition.  A  one-story  wooden  building,  formerly  used  as  quarters  for  the  garrison,  has  been 
converted  into  laundresses'  quarters,  and  contains  twelve  rooms  I  I  by  25  feet  each.  There  arc  no 
officers'  quarters  belonging  to  the  Government  at  the  post,  buildings  (private  houses)  being  rented 
for  that  purpose. 

Store-houses. — A  one-storj  w leu  building,  SO  by  ■"><>  feet,  < sisting  of  one  r u,  .!(»  bj  13 

feet,  for  grain;one  room  30  by  13  feet,  for  clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage;  and  one  r 50 

by  .".0  feet,  for  subsistence  stores.      In  good  condition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &C. — One  wooden  building,  rented  by  the  Government,  which  has 
accommodation  for  forty  patients.  Guard-house,  one  wooden  building,  one  story,  consisting  ol  two 
rooms,  in  good  condition.  Four  wooden  buildings,  in  good  condition,  used  respectively  as  forage- 
shed,  bake  house,  library,  and  carpenter  shop.  The  buildingused  for  the  headquarters  of  the  post 
is  also  used  for  the  headquarters  of  (he  Eighth  United  States  Infantry,  and  is  a  private  house 
rented  by  the  Government. 

SUPPLY  depots,  &c — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  arc  at  Charleston. 
South  Carolina,  one  hundred  and  thirty  miles  distant.  Communication  by  railroad.  Subsistence, 
three  months'  supply  is  generally  kept  on  hand.  The  post  quartermaster  has  eight  mules  and  two 
wagons  in  his  charge,  for  the  transportation  of  supplies,  &c. 


18  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Wateb  and  w  cm  id. —The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  city,  at  a  cost  of  $25  per  month. 
Wood  is  supplied  by  contract  at  $5  per  cord. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — None. 

Communications. — To  all  parts  by  railroad. 

Kr.si'.i;\  A.TION. — None. 

Description  of  the  country.— The  city  of  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  on  the  outskirts  of 
which  the  camp  is  situated,  is  the  capital  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina,  and  has  a  population  of 
aboul  ten  thousand  inhabitants. 


POST  OF  CORINTH ,♦  MISSISSIPPI.  * 

(Established  in  1867.)     „ 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  J.  S.  FLETCHER,  JR.,  CAPTAIN  SIXTEENTH  INFANTRY,  JULY,  1870,  COMMAND- 
ING OFFICES  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  30°  50'  27"  north  ;  longitude,  11  33'  20"  west  from  Washington.  The 
post  is  situated  one  mile  southeast  of  the  junction  of  the  Mobile  and  <  Ihioand  Memphis  ami  ( Iharles- 
ton  Railroads.  <  Jorinth,  Mississippi,  at  the  junction  of  the  roads  above  mentioned,  is  the  nearest 
town  and  the  post  office. 

QUARTERS. — for  one  hundred  and  fifty  men,  two  rough  hoard  buildings  without  ceiling,  in 
good  repair,  one  building  used  as  quarters  for  present  garrison,  and  the  ether  as  hospital,  i  \  ide 
Hospital,  &c.)  One  detached  kitchen,  used  by  present  garrison.  There  are  no  officers' quarters, 
built  as  such  at  the  post. 

Store-houses. — One  rough  hoard  building,  60  by  30  feet,  containing  one  room,  used  for 
commissary  and  quartermaster's  stores,  and  with  capacity  for  containing  six  months'  supply  for 
present  garrison. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — One  rough  hoard  building,  formerly  used  as  quarters  for 
troops,  in  good  repair ;  accommodation  for  twelve  patients.  One  portion  is  pari  itioned  off.  and  used 
as  post  librarj  ami  company  storeroom.  Guard-house,  built  of  rough  hoards,  in  good  repair, 
partitioned  so  as  to  form  one  cell,  one  prison  room,  and  one  room  tor  the  guard.  One  building, 
erected  h\  older  of  the  district  commander,  and  intended  as  a  hospital.  Main  portion  two  stories 
high,  well  made  in  all  respects,  and  in  good  repair.  If  used  as  a  hospital,  it  would  accommodate 
torly  patients.  One  rough  board  building,  formerly  a  kitchen,  since  used  as  a  hospital,  and  now, 
with  the  larger  building  above  referred  to.  used  as  officers' quarters,  four  buildings  in  corral,  used 
as  stables,  forage  house,  blacksmith  shop,  and  laundresses' quarters.  All  the  buildings  al  the  post 
are  of  wood,  and  (except  the  stables  and  forage  house)  are  in  good  repair. 

Si  ri'l.S  DEPOTS,  vVC — Since  the  1'ourth  Military  District  was  discontinued,  supplies  have 
been  drawn  from  Louisville,  Kentucky,  from  which  point  they  are  usually  transported  by  rail. 
Subsistence,  three  months"  supply  is  obtained  at  a  time. 

WATia:  AND  WOOD. — The  post   is  supplied    with    water   from   springs   near   the   garrison  ;   the 
water  is  hauled  in  wagons.     There  is  an  artesian  well  at  the  post,  but  the  water  is  not   lit   for  cook 
ing  purposes.     Wood  is  supplied  by  contract. 

INDIANS. — 'the  nearest   Indians  are  a  few  families  of  the  ( 'lierokees  and  Choctaw  tribes,  semi 
civilized  and  migratory,  generallj  resident  in  (he  central  part  of  the  State. 

Mines. —  None. 

Communication.   -Regular  aud  ample:  in  all  directions  by  rail.   • 

RESERVATION. — The  post  occupies  about  twenty  macs  of  land,  which  is  rented  from  tie' 
owners  al  $30  per  i ith. 

Description  of  the  country.— This  post  is  located  on  an  elevated  spot,  overlooking  the 
town   of  Corinth,  Mississippi.     The  land  slopes  east   aud  west    from  the  center,  affording  ample 

Discontin 1  per  paragraph  [II,  S.  0.  No,  I  i  i-  1 1    ulq ts  Department  of  the  South,  Julj  la.  1870. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  19 

drainage.  Aboul  two  acres  of  the  lot  are  sel  a  pail  as  a  company  garden,  the  whole,  of  which  is 
under  cultivation,  and  promises  an  abundant  supply  of  vegetables  for  the  company  during  the 
ensuing  season.  The  timber  in  this  vicinitj  is  such  as  is  generally  found  in  this  latitude,  oak, 
hickory,  ash,  and  ether  hard  woods  being  abundant.  The  crops  raised  are  mainly  corn  and  cot  rem. 
to  the  latter  of  which  the  soil  is  especially  adapted.  A  national  cemeterj  is  located  about  two 
hundred  yards  north  of  the  camp.  It  contains  an  area  of  about  twenty-five  acres ;  and  there  are 
nearly  six  thousand  Federal  dead  buried  there,  I  he  greater  portion  of  whom  are  unknown.  ( llimate 
mild;  seasons  of  average  moisture.  A\  erage  spring  temperature,  59  :  average  \\  inter  temperature, 
43°.     Healtb  of  the  post  very  good. 


POST   OF   FORT    VALLEY,    GEORGIA/ 
(Established  in   1*70.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  \'.\    EDGAH  R.  KELLOGG,  CAPTAIN    EIGHTEENTH    INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1370,  COM- 
MANDING OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — No  information  given  in  relation  to. 

QUARTERS. —  In  tents,  officers  and  men. 

Store  houses. — Wall-tent. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. —  Wall-tents. 

St  rpLY  DEPOTS,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Atlanta, 
Georgia,  distant  132  miles.     Subsistence — one  month's  supply  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood.— The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  neighboring  wells.  Wood  is 
purchased  as  required. 

Indians!. — None. 

Mines. — None. 

Communications. — By  ••  Southwestern  "  Ltailroad. 

Reservation. — None. 

Description  of  the  country Excellent  agricultural  district:  soil  sandy;  climate  warm. 

The  health  of  the  post  is  fair. 


CAMP   AT   GRENADA,   MISSISSIPPI. 

(Established  .lul,\    1  I.  I860.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  II.  A.  THEAKER,  CAPTAIN  SIXTEENTH  INFANTRY,  APRIL,   1670,  (  OMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. —  Latitude.:;.")    50' th;    longitude,  S9°  50' west   from  Greenwich.     Post  office  in 

the  town  of  Grenada,  Mississippi.  The  camp  is  situated  on  the  south  bank  of,  ami  one  mile  from, 
the  Yallabiisha  River.  Its  location  is  southeast  of  the  town  of  Grenada,  one  mile  from  the  public 
square.  The  town  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  the  Mississippi  and  Tennessee  with  the  .Mississippi 
Central  Railroad,  one  hundred  miles  south  of  Memphis,  Tennessee,  and  two  hundred  and  ninety- 
three  miles  north  of  New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

Qi  \i,"ir.i;s. — For  four  companies  of  infantry,  consisting  of  four  barrack  buildings,  110  by  30 
feet,  and  12  feet  high  in  the  clear,  with  11.'  feet  heigh!  of  gable.  A  mess  room  and  kitchen  in  rear  of 
each  barrack.  40  by  i' 1   feet,  heighl    II  feet,  with  gable  height  of  5  feet.     Six  sets  of  laundresses' 

*  Discontinued  per  paragraph  IV.  S.  O.  184,  Headquarters  Department  "l  the  South,  August  -j:;.  l«70. 


20  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

quarters,  16  by  20  feet.    There  arc  no  officers'  quarters  af  the  post,  private  houses  adjacent  to  the 
garrison  being  rented  for  thai  purpose. 

Store  houses. — There  are  no  store-houses  proper  at  the  [lost.  One  of  the  barracks,  with  its 
kitchen,  is  used  as  a  store-house,  and  is  adequate  for  the  present  garrison.  One  end  of  the  bar- 
rack is  used  as  a  library,  reading-room,  and  school  room,  and  a  portion  of  the  kitchen  as  a  butcher- 
shop.  The  stable,  located  about  LOO  yards  south  of  the  garrison  inclosure,  168  by  36  feet,  lias  stalls 
for  fifty  animals,  a  room  for  the  ambulance,  a  harness  room,  ami  a  granarj  in  the  center,  22  by  36 
feet.  In  the  loft  is  sufficient  capacity  for  all  the  ha\  and  straw  consumed  at  the  post.  Adjoining 
the  stable  is  a  building,  20  by  30  feet,  used  as  a  saddler's  shop,  quarters  for  teamsters,  hostlers, 
&c,  and  a  store-house  lor  lime. 

Hospital,  Guard  house,  &c. — A  private  dwelling  adjacent  to  the  camp  is  rented  for  a  hos- 
pital, ami  has  accommodations  for  twenty-five  patients.  Guard-house — 34  by  15  feet,  has  a  guard- 
room 13  by  L5  feet,  a  prison-room  13  by  15  feci,  and  one  room,  8  bj  15,  containing  two  cells.  A 
small  ti  ol  house,  in  by  10  feet,  adjoins  the  guard-house.  A  building,  70  by  20  feet,  is  used  as  the 
offices  of  the  commanding  officer,  the  adjutant,  quartermaster  and  commissary,  and  the  commissary 
store  and  printing  office,  'the  carpenter  and  blacksmith  shops  are  in  a  building  20  by  50  feet; 
and  the  bakery  is  one  16  by  30  feet.  All  the  Government  buildings  at  the  post  arc  frame,  built  of 
yellow  pine,  inclosed  by  a  substantial  fence,  and  are  in  excellent  repair.  They  were  commenced 
in  18(17,  and  completed  in  1869,  having  been  constructed  entirely  bj  the  enlisted  men  of  the  com- 
mand. 

Suppi/y  DEPOTS,  &C. — Supplies  are  furnished  from  Louisville,  Kentucky,  and  from  New 
Orleans.  Louisiana.  The  routes  of  supply  are  from  Louisville  by  river  to  .Memphis,  Tennessee; 
thence  to  Grenada,  .Mississippi,  by  Mississippi  and  Tennessee  Railroad,  or  by  rail  to  Humboldt, 
Tennessee,  and  thence  by  Mississippi  Central  to  Grenada;  from  New  Orleans,  by  New  Orleans, 
Jackson  and  Great  Northern  Railroad,  to  Canton,  Mississippi,  and  thence  by  Mississippi  Central 
Railroad  to  Grenada.     Subsistence — three  months'  supply  is  generally  kept  on  hand. 

WATEB  AND  WOOD. — The  troops  are  supplied  with  water  from  two  wells  in  the  camp,  and  the 
animals  from  a  well  near  the  stable.     Wood  is  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — None. 

Communications. — Mississippi  and  Tennessee  and  Mississippi  Central  Railroads. 

Reservation. — The  ground  on  which  the  camp  is  established  belongs  to  private  parties.  It 
consists  of  about  thirteen  acres,  and  is  under  parole  lease  to  the  Government  for  such  length  of 
time  as  it  may  lie  desired,  at  an  annual  rent  of  $90. 

Description  of  the  country.— Character  of  surrounding  country,  analogous  to  that  of 
upland  counties  of  the  State;  greater  portion  cultivated  ;  along  the  river  and  creeks,  "hummock," 
oi'  second  bottom,  timbered  with  post,  willow,  water,  chestnut  white,  and  white  oaks,  hickory, 
black  jack,  and  Spanish  oaks,  cypress,  and  pine.  Garden  soil  excellent;  grass  in  open,  unculti- 
vated parts,  sedge  (Cypuac(e)  in  great  quantities,  the  Ci/perus  phymatodes  being  especially  trouble- 
some. Stilus  pangits  is  used  for  rush-bottomed  chairs.  Bottom-lands  contain  an  abundance  of 
large  cane,  willow,  alder,  and  a  species  of  stunted  palm.  Crab-grass  (Panicum  sanguinale)  also 
abounds.  Soil— yellow  loam,  orange  sand,  similar  to  that  of  a  greater  portion  of  Mississippi  and 
Tennessee  River  overflows  during  the  latter  part  of  w  inter  months — fordable  during  the  remain- 
der of  the  year.    Climate  mild  :  winter  damp,  summer  dry.    Average  winter  temperature,  45°  77'; 

spring,  64°  66';  s mer,  71°  77';  autumn, .63°  Id'.     Health  of  the  post   good;  much  better  than 

among  resident  citizens. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY:   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  21 

POST  OF  HUMBOLDT,  TENNE  3E1 

Established  April,  LSG7.J 

INFROMATION    GIVEN  BY  1).  M.  VANCE,  CAPTAIN    SIXTEENTH    IN!   \\!U,        '  i  OMMANDING 

I  iFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude 35  5G' north  ;  longitude  west  from  Greenwich,  89  .  The  post  is  situated 
one  halt'  mile  north  of  the  town  of  Humboldt,  Tennessee.     Post  office  in   Humboldt. 

Qi  arters. — One  frame  building,  320  by  •">!>  feet,  containing  quarters  for  one  hundred  soldiers. 
Part  of  building  used  as  carpenter's  shop  and  laundresses' quarters.  Condition,  fair.  ••Hirers' 
quarters — one  frame  building,  90  by  32  feet,  containing  twelve  rooms.     Condition,  fair. 

Store  houses. — <  >ne  frame  building,  70  \>\  25  feet,  for  quarterui  md  commissarj  stores. 

Condition  fair.  One  frame  building  30  by  10  feet;  condition,  fair.  One  frame  building  11  by  12 
feet,  containing  I  wo  rooms,  used  as  adjutant's  and  quartermaster's  offices.  <  >nc  frame  building,  12 
b\  20  feet,  used  as  baken  ;  condition  of  building  fair  j  of  bake  oven,  bail. 

Hospital,  guard  house,  &c. —  Frame  building,  52  l>y  20  feet.  Accommodation  for  ten 
patients.  Condition  of  dispensary  and  ward,  good.  Guard-house — frame  building,  16  by  l'1  feet, 
contaiiiing.two  rooms  for  prisoners,  and  one  room  for  guard;  condition  fair. 

Suppli  depots,  &c. — Quartermasters'  and  commissary  stores  are  received  by  rail  IV Louis- 
ville, Kentucky,  and  Jeffersonville,  Indiana.     Subsistence — six  weeks'  supply  kept  on  hand. 

Water  \ni>  wood. — The  post  receives  its  supply  of  water  from  a  well  in  camp.  Wood  is 
supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — None. 

Communications. — Function  of  Mobile  and  Ohio  Railroad,  and  Louisville  and  Memphis  Kail- 
road,  at  Humboldt,  Tennessee. 

Reservation. — Ten  acres  leased  for  use  of,  and  occupied  by,  the  post. 

Description  of  the  country. — Staple  articles,  cotton  ami  corn.  Considerable  timber  land 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  post.  Soil,  sandy.  A  small  river  about  two  miles  west  of  post.  Climate. 
variable.  Seasons,  variable.  Average  spring  temperature,  50  :  average  summer  temperature,  7SC  ; 
average  winter  temperature,  36°.  Health  of  the  post,  good.  The  town  of  Humboldt  contains 
about  twelve  hundred  inhabitants. 


POST  <)K  HUNTSVILLE,  (THOMAS    BARRACKS,.)  ALABAMA 

(Established  in  1367.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  S.  W.  CRAWFORD,  COLONEL    SECOND  INFANTRY,  OCTOBER,  1870,  COMMAND- 
ING OFFICER  AT  Tilt:  TIME. 

Location. — The  post  is  situated  two  and  a  half  miles  northeast  of  the  city  of  Huutsville, 
Alabama. 

QUARTERS. — For  two  hundred  men  ;  two  frame  buildings,  (new.)  in  good  condition.  Officers' 
quarters,  seven  sets,  (new,)  and  in  good  condition.  One  rented  house  in  the  town  of  Huntsville, 
used  as  quarters  of  Colonel  Crawford,  regimental  staff,  and  regimental  headquarters. 

Stoke-iiouses. — One  building,  containing  one  room  28|  by  50£  feet,  for  quartermasters' 
stores;  one  room  28g  by  50J  feet,  for commissary  stores,  and  tour  rooms  used  as  post  headquar- 
ters, adjutant's  office,  and  offices  of  post  quarter  master  and  acting  commissary  of  subsistence. 

HOSPITAL,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C — One  frame   building,  (new.)  in    good  condition,  occupied  since 

July  7,  1870  ;  acc< todates  twelve   patients,  with   an  allowance  of  950  cubic  feet  of  space  each. 

Guard-house — temporary  arrangement,  two  hospital  tents,  with  woodeu  frames. 


22  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — The  quartermaster  supplies  arc  received  from  Atlanta,  Georgia,  <  !harles- 
tou,  South  Carolina,  and  Jeffersonville,  Indiana;  aud  the  coinuiissarj  supplies  from  Atlanta, 
Georgia,  and  Louisville,  Kentucky.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Memphis  ami  Charleston  Rail- 
road, running  from  Memphis,  Tennessee,  to  Ste\  euson,  Alabama,  and  its  «-im ihm-(  inns,  viz,  at  1  >eca- 
tnr,  Alabama,  with  the  Decatur  and  Nashville  Railroad,  and  at  Stevenson,  Alalia  in  a.  with  the  <  'hatta- 
i ga  and  Northwestern  Railroad.     Subsistence — three  mouths'  supply  is  generally  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  "wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  spring  in  the  vicinity,  and  with 
wood  l»y  contract. 

Indians. — None. 

Muses.— None. 

Communic  \  in  ins. —  By  i  he  United  States  mails  per  the  Memphis  and  Charleston  Railroad  aud 
its  connections,  viz,  the  Nashville  and  Decatur  Railroad,  at  Decatur,  Alabama,  and  the  Chatta- 
nooga and  Northwestern  Railroad,  at  Stevenson,  Alabama. 

Reservation. — None.    Twenty-five  acres  of  land  rented. 

Description  of  the  country. — Hilly;   soil  sandy;  climate  mild. 


POST  OF  JACKSON,  MISSISSIPPI. 
(Established  in  186(3.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN  BY  JAMES    KELLY,  CAPTAIN    SIXTEENTH  INFANTRY,  APRIL.  1870,  COMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. —  Latitude,  32  30'  north;  longitude,  '.'•'  1'  west  from  Greenwich.  The  post  is 
situated  west  of,  and  adjoining  the  corporate  limits  of  the  city  of  Jackson,  Mississippi,  and  about 
one  mile  from  Pearl  River.     Post  office  at  Jackson,  Mississippi. 

Qi  arters — For  three  companies — one  building  'M^  feet  long;  another  150  feet  long,  in  good 
condition.     Officers'  quarters— six  sets,  frame,  ami  in  good  repair. 

Store-houses. — One  building  for  quartermaster's  ami  commissary  stores;  forage-rooin,  with 
capacity  for  three  thousand  bushels. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — One  frame  building  :  accommodation  for  twenty-five  patients. 
Guard-house — built  of  logs;  two  rooms  for  prisoners,  one  for  the  guard,  ami  one  for  the  officer  of 

the  guard;  six  rooms  adjoining  stables,  used  as  r ns  for  employes,  laundresses,  and  carpenter 

shop.  Blacksmith  shop — one  frame  building.  All  buildings,  except  that  occupied  by  the  command- 
ing officer,  ami  the  adjutant's  office,  were  built  by  the  Government. 

SUPPLY  DEPOTS,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  ami  subsistence  depots  are  at  New  Orleans, 
Louisiana.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  rail,  open  at  all  seasons.  Supplies  generally  transported  by 
weight.     Subsistence — two  months' supply  generally  kepi  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  cisterns  and  the  Pearl  River, 
hauled  in  tanks  about  one  mile.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians.— None. 

Minks. — None. 

Communications. — None. 

Reservation. — The  ground  upon  which  the  post  is  situated,  together  with  the  quarters  for 
the  commanding  officer,  and  the  post  garden,  is  rented  at  $200  per  month. 

Description  of  the  country.— Land  arable  ami  fertile;  soil,  sandy.  Climate,  variable. 
Average  spring  temperature,  70° ; 'average  winter  temperature,  52°.  The  health  of  the  post  is 
excellent  iii  the  fall,  w  inter,  ami  spring;  duriug  the  latter  part  of  summer,  malarious  diseases,  such 
as  intermittent  fevers,  &c.,  prevail. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  23 

POST  OT  JACKSONVILLE,  ALABAMA.* 

(Established  in  1870.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  J.  S.  CONRAD,  CAPTAIN   SECOND  INFANTRY,  APRIL,  1870,  COMMANDING  OFFI- 
CER AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — On  the  Selma,  Rome  and  Dalton  Railroad,  fifty  miles  from  Rome. 

Quarters. — A  building  is  hired  for  the  quartering  of  the  men.    The  officers  live  at  a  hotel. 

STORE-norsES. — One  building  containing  one  room,  40  by  -~>  feet,  also  used  as  office. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — One  hospital  tent,  regulation  size.  The  guard  and  prisoners 
are  quartered  in  tents. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — Supplies  are  furnished  from  Atlanta,  Georgia,  and  Chattanooga,  Ten 
nessee.     Subsistence,  none  on  hand;  one  month  estimated  for. 

Water  and  wood. — Water  is  supplied  from  a  fine  spring.  Wood  is  purchased  in  open 
market. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — Coal  mines. 

( lOMMUNICATIONS. — By  railroad. 

Reservation. — None. 

Description  of  the  country. — The  town  is  beautifully  situated  in  a  valley  about  three 
miles  in  width,  on  high  ground,  and  contains  twelve  hundred  inhabitants,  ('mod  crops  of  cotton, 
corn,  and  wheal  are  raised  in  the  vicinity.  The  climate  is  mild,  and  the  health  of  the  pest  is 
excellent. 


FORT  JEFFERSON,  GARDEN  KEY,  IHJY  TORTUGAS,  FLORIDA. 

(Established  in   L84G.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN     BY    A.  A.  GIBSON,    LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  THIRD  ARTILLERY,  OCTOBER,  1870, 

COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  24°  37'  44"  north:  longitude,  82c  52'  I'll"  west  from  Greenwich.  Post 
office  at  Key  West,  Florida,  which  is  the  nearest  town,  distant  sixty-four  miles,  east. 

Quarters. — The  men  are  now  quartered  in  casemates,  and  in  one  section  of  the  unfinished 
soldiers' barracks.  Six  companies  can  be  quartered  here  af  the  present  time.  There  are  eighteen 
sets  of  officers'  quai'ters,  all  in  one  large  three-story  brick  building,  not  entirely  finished. 

Storehouses. — The  store  rooms  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department  and  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment are  all  in  casemates  on  the  first  and  second  tiers.  The  Commissary  Department  has  two 
iarge  rooms  in  the  soldiers'  barracks,  and  two  casemates,  for  store  rooms. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — The  hospital  is  in  the  soldiers'  barracks — accommodation  for 
twenty  patients.  A  yearly  supply  of  medicine  from  New  York  on  hand.  Guard-house — in  two 
casemates. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — Supplies  are  generally  received  from  New  York  in  the  Quartermaster's 
Department,  and  from  Baltimore  in  the  Commissarj  Department,  by  water.  Ordnance  stores 
received  from  arsenals.     Subsistence — three  months'  supply  generally  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — There  are  two  steam-condensers  in  working  order,  capable  of  condensing 
T.niid  gallons  of  sea-water  daily.  A  large  supply  of  rain-water.  Wood — bought  in  open  market 
in  Key  West,  Florida. 

Indians. — None. 

Minks. — None. 

'  Discontinued  by  virtue  of  paragraph  II.  S.  O.  No.  121,  Headquarters  Department  of  the  South,  June  13,  1870, 


24  DESCEIPTIONS  OF  MILITAEY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Communications.— Between  this  post  and  Key  West,  Florida,  bj  tlie  United  States  schooner 
Matchless,  l  t8  tons,  (new  measurement.) 

Reservation. — None. 

Description  of  the  country.— Garden  Key,  on  which  the  fori  is  built,  is  one  of  the 
Tortugas  group  of  keys.  The  entire  group  is  made  up  of  coral  and  coral  sand.  The  group  consists 
of  eight  keys,  which  arc  small  islets,  varying  in  area  from  a  half  to  twenty  acres,  and  embraced  in 
the  circumference  of  a  circle  the  radius  of  which  is  aboul  three  miles.  The  mean  summer  temper- 
ature is  81°  73',  and  the  mean  winter  temperature  71  '  05',  making  the  yearly  mean  7fi  (>!)'.  This 
post  is  healthy,  and  if  ever  yellow  fever  exists  hereat,  it  max  be  assumed  to  be  by  violation  of  a 
propel'  quarantine.  I!\  reason  of  its  inaccessibility,  its  maintenance  is  comparatively  costly  and 
inconvenient.  The  atmospheric  influence  is  destructive  In  supplies,  and  a  severe  tax  upon  the 
garrison. 


KEY  WEST  BARRACKS,   FLORIDA. 
(Established  about  the  year  1832.) 

INFORMATION     GIVEN     BY    T.W.SHERMAN,    COLONEL  THIRD    ARTILLERY,  MAY,    1870,  COMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  24°  32'  58"  north;  longitude,  west  from  Greenwich,  81°  48' 7".  Post 
office — Key  West,  Florida.  Situated  on  the  north  shoreof  the  island  of  Key  West,  and  about  one 
mile  from  the  center  of  the  city  of  the  same  name. 

Quarters. — For  two  companies,  say  one  hundred  and  fifty  men — composed  of  two  frame 
buildings,  just  put  in  excellent  repair.  Officers'  quarters — five  frame  buildings,  all  alike  in 
character  and  dimensions,  containing  each  two  assignable  rooms  and  kitchen,  and  two  large  attic 
rooms;  now  all  being  placed  in  excellent  repair.  Laundresses' quarters — one  frame  building  very 
old  and  dilapidated,  containing  lour  double  rooms,  to  be  torn  down  and  replaced  by  a  frame  build- 
ing containing  eight  rooms  with  allies  for  uon  commissioned  staff  and  laundresses. 

Store-houses. — Onestone  building,  containing  two  rooms,  64  by  29  feet,  used  as  commissary 
store,  and  one  15  1>\  29  feet,  as  quartermaster's  store.  A  frame  building  of  about  the  same  dimen- 
sions is  about  being  erected  lor  a  quartermaster's  store-house.  One  stable — old  frame  building — 
capable  of  accommodating  twelve  horses,  ami  storing  a  sufficient  supply  of  provender,  is  about 
being  pu1  in  a  good  slate  of  repair. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &C. —  Frame  building,  just  put  in  excellent  repair:  accommodation 
tor  twenty  eight  patients.  Guard  house — stone  building,  two  rooms  lor  guard,  one  room  and  cells 
lor  prisoners,  just  put  in  good  repair.  Observatory  on  lop  of  building,  for  use  in  signal  practice. 
A  frame  building  is  about    being  erected  for  carpenters  and  blacksmith's  simps,  and   bakery,  to 

replace  old  rotten  sheds  now    used   for  those  purposes. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — Post  supplied  from  various  sources — formerlj  from  depot  at  New 
Orleans — now  mostlj  bj  purchasing  commissary  in  Baltimore.  About  two  months' subsistence 
kept  on  hand.  Forage  supplied  sometimes  from  New  Orleans,  sometimes  from  I '.all  imore,  and  now 
i 'c  generally  by  purchase  in  open  market  in  Ke\  West,  according  lo  circumstances. 

Water  ami  wood. — Water  in  abundance  from  numerous  cisterns  at  the  barracks.  Wood 
by  purchase  in  open  market  in  Key  West. 

Indians. —  None  near  the  post.  A  few  remaining  in  the  interior  of  the  peninsula,  beyond 
immediate  reach.  Nothing  ever  heard  of  them,  except  that  they  now  remain  in  a  state  of  universal 
quiet . 

Minks. — None  reported. 

Commi  Mc\  i  [ONS. — All  by  water.  A  bi  mouthh  mail  line  of  steamers  between  Baltimore  and 
New  Orleans,  touching  at  ke\  West.  A  wcekh  mail  line  between  New  York  and  New  Orleans 
via  Havana,  which  leases  its  Kej  West  mail  in  Havana.  A  weeklj  mail  line  between  New 
Orleans  and    Havana,  touching  at    Key  West.     This  last   is  the  communication    with  the  head- 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATION'S.  25 

quarters  of  the  division  and  department :  and  being  coastwise,  requires  fifteen  days  on  an  average 
to  communicate  with  these  headquarters.  There  is,  besides,  a  weeklj  line  of  steamers 
between  New  York  and  Galveston.  Texas,  touching  at  Key  West,  which  voluntarily  renders  some 
mail  facilities  with  New  York  more  immediate  than  any  other.  The  communication  with  Fort 
Jefferson,  Florida,  is  by  the  United  States  schooner  Matchless,  owned  and  sailed  by  the  quarter- 
masters'department.  Stores  now  for  that  post  are  landed  at  Key  West,  and  taken  up  by  this 
transport. 

Reservation. — Twenty  acres,  some  fourteen  of  which  were  deeded  to  the  United  States  in 
18.'!.'>;  and  eight  acres  in  1837. 

Description  or  the  country. — Tins  station  is  on  an  island  aboul  five  miles  in  length  and 
one  mile  in  breadth — said  island  being  one  of  a  chain  of  a  multitude  of  keys  of  coral  formation — 
extending  from  near  Cape  Florida  to  the  Tortugases.  Not  vegetable  soil  enough  yet  upon  this 
formation  for  any  extensive  tillage — l>ut  few  inches  anywhere — and  in  many  places  the  bare  rock  is 
exposed.  Climate  of  a  tropical  character — average  winter  temperature,  7.">  27';  average  summer 
temperature,  86°  5';  health  of  the  posl  generally  good  for  strong  constitutions,  except  in  seasons 
of  epidemic — the  yellow  lever  making  its  appearance,  on  an  average,  aboul  everj  alternate  year. 
For  weakly  constitutions  the  climate  is  entirely  too  enervating. 


POST  OF  LEBANON,  KENTUCKY. 

(Established  September  2G,  L868.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN   BY  T.  E.    ROSE,  CAPTAIN   SIXTEENTH    INFANTRY,    A.UGUST,    1870,  COMMANDING 

OFFICER   AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  37°  50';  longitude,  85°  west  from  Greenwich.  The  post  is  situated 
immediately  in  the  town  of  Lebanon,  Kentucky,  (which  contains  about  five  hundred  inhabitants,) 
five  miles  north  of  Rolling  Fork,  on  the  Knowille  branch  of  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad. 

Quarters.— One  building,  100  by  30  by  12  feet,  for  men's  quarters.  One  building,  56  by  20 
by  10,  for  company  mess-room  and  kitchen.  Officers'  quarters — one  building,  60  by  30  bj  12  feet. 
All  of  the  above  built  of  wood,  and  in  good  condition. 

Store-houses. — One  building,  60  by  l'(»  by  12  feet,  containing  threerooms  for  quartermaster 
stores,  commissary  stores,  and  office.  One  building,  10  by  16  by  10  feet,  used  as  granary — capacity, 
800  bushels.  One  building,  30  by  30  by  10  feet,  used  as  forage-room.  All  built  of  wood,  and  in 
good  condition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c — One  building,  20  by  22  by  12  feet;  accommodations  for  six 
patients.  Guard-house— one  building,  24  by  10'  by  10  feet.  One  building,  42  by  14  by  10  feet,  used 
as  blacksmith,  carpenter,  and  saddler  shops.  One  building,  26  by  16  by  10 'feet,  used  as  bake- 
house. One  building,  150  by  30  by  10  feet,  used  as  stable.  All  built  of  wood,  and  in  -cod  condi- 
tion. 

Supply  depots,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Jeffersonville, 
Indiana,  distant  sixty-seven  miles.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Kuoxville  branch  of  the  Louis. 
ville  and  Nashville  Railroad.     Subsistence — three  months'  supply  is  kept  on  band. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  one  large  well  of  spring-water 
two  tanks  and  a  large  cistern.     Wood  is  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians.— None. 

Mines. — Nearest  mines  known  are  the  coal  mines  on  the  Kanawha. 

Communications. — By  railroad  to  Mt.  Vernon,  Louisville,  and  Nashville. 

Reservation. — This  post  is  not  on  any  reservation.  The  ground  on  which  the  post  is  situated 
contains  about  four  acres,  and  is  rented  by  the  United  States  at  $12  per  month. 

Description  of  the  country. — Except  on  the  high  knobs,  which  lie  in  the  vicinity  of 
Rolling  Fork  and  its  branches,  the  land  everywhere  in  the  vicinity  of  this  post  is  in  a  good  state 
4 


26  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

of  cultivation,  and  the  soil  is  of  the  finest  quality.  It  produces  corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  and  tobacco 
in  great  abundance.  Apples,  pears,  peaches  and  plums  groM  also  in  great  abundance.  The  stock 
(particularly  cattle  and  mules,  which  are  raised  in  great  numbers)  is  very  fine.  In  the  latter  part 
of  summer  the  springs  in  the  vicinity  of  this  posi  become  dry,  and  the  water  generally  tails: 
whenever  this  is  the  ease  water  must  be  obtained  from  Rolling  Fork,  a  distance  of  five  miles. 
No  record  of  t lie  average  temperature  is  kept  at   this  post.    The  health  at  this  posi   is  the  very 

best. 


POST  OF  MOBILE,  ALABAMA. 

(Established  in  1866.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  T.  C.  ENGLISH,  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  SECOND  INFANTRY,  APRIL,  1870,  COM- 
MANDING OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  30°  42';  longitude,  88°  1'.  The  camp  is  situated  within  the  limits  of 
the  city  of  Mobile,  Alabama, on  the  west  bank,  and  about  one  mile  distant  from  Mobile  River.  The. 
site  is  slight!}  elevated  above  the  water  level.  (.">(»  feet.)  but  sufficiently  so  for  the  purpose  of 
drainage. 

Quarters. — Tor  two  hundred  men — two  two-story  pine  buildiugs.  shingled  roof,  not  lathed 
and  plastered,  but  in  good  repair.  .The  ground  floor  of  each  building  is  used  for  offices,  store- 
rooms, dining-rooms,  and  kitchen.  The  upper  floor  is  divided  into  two  rooms  each— each  50  by 
42  by  l.'SJ,  feet,  occupied  as  barrack -rooms.  Two  smaller  buildings  in  rear,  consisting  of  eight 
rooms  11.]  by  15  feet  each,  in  good  repair,  are  assigned  to  the  use  of  laundresses.  Officers' quar- 
ters— three  pine  buildings,  (each  containing  four  sets  of  captains'  quarters  under  the  Regulations.) 
shingled  roof,  lathed  and  plastered,  and  in  good  repair.  All  of  these  buildings  are  well  lighted  and 
ventilated. 

Store-houses. — One  pine  building,  containing  two  rooms,  IS  by  18  and  22  by  17  feet,  for 
quartermaster's  stores;  and  two  rooms,  L".i  by  22  and  is  by  20  fed.  for  commissary  stores,  in  good 
repair.     One  cellar,  :>!>  by  L'l  feet,  for  commissary  use. 

HOSPITAL,  GUARD  HOUSE,  &C. — <  >lie  two  story  pine  building,  shingled  root,  lal  lied  and  plastered 
throughout,  well  ventilated  and  lighted  and  in  good  repair.  Accommodation  for  fifty  patients. 
Guard-house — one  pine  building,  divided  into  one  guard  room,  two  prison  looms,  and  two  cells — all 
sufficiently  secure,  roomy,  well  lighted  and  well  ventilated.  Two  detached  one  story  pine  build- 
ings, in  good  repair:  one  is  used  for  the  adjutant's  office,  post  library,  and  reading-room — a  small 
room  partitioned  off  at  one  end  serving  indifferently  well  as  a  magazine.  The  other  building  is 
used  as  a  blacksmith  and  carpenter  shop.  One  detached  one  story  building,  with  loft,  used  as  a 
stable. 

Si  I'i'i.v  depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  New  Orleans, 
Louisiana,  one  hundred  and  seventy  five  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  IS  bj  water,  open  at 
all  seasons.  Supplies  shipped  bj  depot  quartermaster  at  New  <  (rleans.  Subsistence — two  months' 
supply  is  generally  Kept  on  hand. 

\\  vit.i:  and  WOOD. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  for  drinking  bj  one  common  and  eight 
driven  wells,  the  latter  driven  loan  average  depth  of  35  feet.  Water  fair  but  slighth  brackish. 
There  ai e  also  eight  cisterns,  nf  an  average  capacity  of  1,200  gallons.  Wood  is  supplied  by  con 
tract. 

Indians. — There  is  a  remnant  of  the  Choctaw  tribe  in  the  vicinity,  numbering  about  one  hun- 
dred men,  women,  and  children. 

Minks. — None. 

Commi  nications.— "Within  the  eit\  limits. 

Reservation.— None. 

Description  of  the  country.— The  ground  upon  which  the  barracks  are  built  is  leased  tor 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  27 

five  years,  with  privilege  ofreuewal.  There  are  also  four  acres  of  ground  leased  jointly  by  the  two 
companies  at  the  post,  and  under  cultivation  the  year  round.  It  affords  the  I  roups  a  liberal  supply 
et  all  the  garden  vegetables.  Climate  uiild;  seasons  dry.  Average  spring  temperature,  73°- 
average  n  inter  temperature,  51  .  The  health  of  the  post  is  good  ;  malaria  is  the  ascribed  cause  of 
one-hall'  the  sickness  of  the  inhabitants  of  thesurrouuding  country. 


POST  OF  MONTGOMERY,  ALABAMA. 

(Established  April,  1  366.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY  P.  T.  SWAYNE,  MAJOR  SECOND  INFANTRY,  APRIL,  1870,  COMMANDING  OFFICER 

AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  32°  23';  longitude,  from  Greenwich,  8C    30'.    Posl  office  at  the  post. 

The  post  is  situated  on  the  east  (left)  bank  of  the  Alabama  River,  and  about  a  mile  from  the  water. 

Qi  ARTERS. — The  tents  are  raised  on  boxes.  The  officers  reside  in  rented  buildings  in  the 
vicinity. 

Store  bouses. — None. 

Bospital,  guard-hotjse,  &0. — A  rented  building.  Accommodation  lor  sixteen  or  twenty 
patients.  Guard-house — a  temporary  building  of  two  rooms,  in  tin'  camp,  one  for  the  guard  and 
the  other  is  a  prison  room ;    built  of  upright  boards,  battened. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — New  Orleans  and  Atlanta.  Subsistence— two  months'  supply  generally 
kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — Hauled  in  wagons  from  the  artesian  basins  of  the  town,  hall'  a  mile  dis- 
tant.    Wood  purchased  at  the  post  ;  sometimes  by  contract  and  at  other  times  in  open  market. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — None. 

COMMi  NICATIONS.— By   rail  and  liver. 

Reservation. — None. 

Description  of  the  Country.  —  Excellent  land  for  agriculture;  an  exceedingly  rich  and  fer- 
tile soil,  unsurpassed  in  the  production  of  cotton.  Climate — mild  in  winter;  very  hot  in  summer. 
Temperature  in  summer  constantly  between  90'  and  loo  ,  and  sometimes  higher,  opinions  vary 
greatly  regarding  the  healthiness  of  the  locality.  The  health  of  the  troops  is  about  as  good  as  in 
other  tow  ns  in  the  South  situated  on  the  coast  or  in  river  valleys.  The  Alabama  River  is  navigable 
to  this  point  for  the  largest  steamers. 


POST  OF  MT.  VERNON  ARSENAL,  ALABAMA. 

(Established  January  1,  1829.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  VV.  11.  REXFORD,  CAPTAIN  AND  MILITARY  STORE-KEEPER,  ORDNANCE  DEPART- 
MENT, AUGUST,   1870,  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude, 31  '  12';  longitude,  11°  .V,  west  from  Washington.  Situated  on  the  wast 
bank  of  the  Mobile  River,  three  miles  therefrom.  Post  office  at  the  post.  .Mobile  is  the  nearest 
town  of  any  importance,  and  is  twenty-nine  miles  distant  by  land  and  forty-five  miles  b\  river. 

QUARTERS. — The  barracks  are  for  a  detachment  of  forty  men,  are  built  of  brick,  and  arc  in 
good  condition.     Two  sets  of  officers'  quarters,  built  of  brick. 

Store-houses. — One  brick  building,  three  stories  high,  120}  by  40}  feet,  for  storing  ordnance 
and  ordnance  stores.  Four  brick  shops,  50  by  .">'•  feet,  at  present  used  for  storing  ammunition, 
iVe.    Three  brick  laboratories  of  the  following  dimensions,  viz:  15  by  2 1  feet,  38  by  23  feet,  27}  by  184 


28  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

feet,  and  one  frame  laboratory,  28J  l>y  ISA  feet,  used  for  storing  fixed  ammunition,  &c.  One  maga- 
zine, (large,)  of  brick,  89  by  39J,  feet,  and  one  magazine,  (small,)  oi  brick,  30  by  20  feet,  containing 
powder,  fuses,  rockets,  signals,  fixed  ammunition,  &c.  One  warehouse  at  the  river,  (with  wharf,) 
40  by  28  feet,  filled  with  fixed  ammunition.  One  frame  forage,  15  by  25  feet,  and  one  room  in  a 
brick  building,  L8  by  34  feet,  used  as  a  stoic  r a  for  commissary  stores. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — The  hospital  is  built  of  brick,  40  by  34  feet.  The  guard-house 
contains  two  rooms,  18  by  18  feet,  and  is  built  of  brick.  The  ground  on  which  these  buildings  are 
built — comprising  about  forty-live  acres — is  inclosed  by  a  brick  wall,  averaging  about  10  feet  in 
height.    There  arc  also  seven  frame  cottages  for  employes,  &c. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — The  quartermaster  and  subsistence  supply  depots  are  at  New  Orleans, 
Louisiana.  The  route  of  supplj  is  by  the  Gulf  of  Mobile,  thence  by  .Mobile  River  to  the  wharf  and 
warehouse  at  the  river,  thence  by  wagon-road  to  the  arsenal.  Subsistence— three  months"  supply 
is  kept  on  hand. 

AY  ITER  AND  WOOD. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  by  a  hydraulic  ram, forcing  it  from  a  spring 
outside  the  wall  up  into  a  reservoir  in  the  center  of  the  grounds,  from  which  reservoir  it  is  dis- 
tributed in  pipes  to  the  quarters,  barracks,  stable,  shops,  and  garden.  There  are  also  three  cisterns 
and  two  spring-houses  inside  the  walls.     Wood  is  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — None. 

Communications. — The  communication  is  by  river  steamers. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  consists  of  about  eighteen  hundred  acres. 

DESCRIPTION  OP  THE  COUNTRY. — The  reservation  is  pine-woods  land,  intersected  with  branches 
and  water-ways.  It  requires  high  cultivation  to  make  the  uplands  productive.  There  are  good 
gardens  at  the  post,  in  which  plenty  of  vegetables  are  raised  for  the  detachment.  The  river-bottom 
lands  in  this  vicinity  are  cultivated,  the  principal  crop  being  corn.  Cotton  is  also  raised  to  some 
extent;  but  the  annual  overflow  of  the  river  in  May  or  .Tune  often  destroys  the  first  stand. 


POST  OF  NASHVILLE,  (ASH  BARRACKS,)  TENNESSEE. 

(Established  in  1862.) 

INFOKMATION  GIVEN  BY  <•.  PENNYPACKER,  COLONEL  SIXTEENTH   CNFANTRY,  SEPTEMBER,  1870,  COM- 
MANDING OFFICES  AT  THE  TIME. 

LOCATION. — Ash  Barracks  is  pleasantly  situated  on  high  and  rolling  ground  in  a  bend  of  the 
Cumberland  River,  which  Hows  through  the  arc  of  a  circle  lor  200°,  at  a  distance  three-fourths  to 
one  and  one-fourth  mile  from  the  barracks.  It  is  located  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river,  just  beyond 
the  northern  corporate  limits  of  the  city  of  Nashville,  Tennessee. 

QUARTERS. —  For  live  companies — live  two-story  buildings,  each  L28  by  24  by  25  feet,  built  of 
vertical  boards  with  joints  battened.  The  upper  story  of  each  building  consists  of  one  large  room, 
used  for  a  dormitory.  Each  room  is  ventilated  by  ridge-ventilation  and  twenty-two  windows,  eight 
on  each  side,  and  three  on  each  end.     The  lower  stories  of  these  buildings  differ  somewhat  in  the 

arrange ut  of  rooms,  &c.     They  each  contain  kitchen,  dining,  store  and  bath  rooms,  and  rooms 

lor  uon  commissioned  officers  and  laundresses.  Verandas  extend  along  the  fronts  and  across  the 
ends.  One  of  these  building's  contains  the  post-trader's  store,  and  another  the  post  library.  Offi- 
cers* quarters — seven  buildings,  as  follows:  One-story  building,  50  bj  10  by  11  feet,  containing  five 
rooms.  One  two-story  building,  containing  sixteen  rooms.  This  building  was  designed  for  sin 
gle  officers,  and  has  no  kitchen.  One-story  building,  37  by  31  by  11  feet,  containing  four  rooms. 
One  two-story  building.  51  bj  45  l>\  22  feet,  containing  twenty-four  rooms.  It  is  designed  for  two 
families  on  lower  floor,  and  for  single  officers'  quarters  above.  Two  one-story  buildings,  each  \- 
b\  .">!  by  II  feet,  containing  ~i\  rooms  each,  designed  for  two  families  each.  One-story  building, 
12  by  I-  l>\  12  feet.  (In  the  number  of  rooms  annexed  to  officers'  quarters  above  described,  kitch- 
ens, servants'  rooms,  and  bath  rooms  are  no!  included.) 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  29 

Store  hoi  ses. — One  story  building,  253  bj  10  bj  15  feet,  used  for  quartermaster  aud  subsistence 
stores,  offices  for  assistant  connnissarj  subsistence  and  assistant  quartermaster,  forage-room, 
; 1 1 1 «1  coal  litiu.se.    One  story  building,  57  by  25  by  10  feci,  used  for  quartermaster  stores,  &c. 

Hospital,  Guard-house,  &c. — One  building,  1  i.'.~i  by  35  l>,\  I'.U  feet,  with  an  extension  18  by 
24  by  12  feet,  for  kitchen.  Center  building  two  stories,  .;.">  by  35  by  30  feet.  Lower  story  has  sur- 
geon's office,  dispensary,  ami  two  wards  :;:;  by  l'4  by  104  feel  each,  with  lavatories  and  water- 
closets.  The  upper  story  contains  steward's  room,  II  by  II  feet;  matron's  room,  11  by  14  feet; 
ward  for  contagious  diseases,  It  by  1 1  feet  ;  and  surgeon's  room  for  microscopic  and  chemical 
investigations,  II  by  1!  feet.  Dead  house — one  building,  1  •">  by  13  by  10  feet.  Wash-house — one 
building,  18  l>y  15  bj  I  * »  feet,  containing  lour  permanent  wash-tubs,  tank  for  heatin  .  not 

and  cold  water  pipes,  &c.  Guard-house — one  building,  GO  by  20  by  10  feet,  with  veranda  in  front, 
0  by  (50  feet.  It  contains  one  guard  room,  one  room  for  officer  of  the  guard,  two  prison-rooms,  and 
twelve  cells  for  prisoners.  One-story  building,  35  by  20  by  II  feet,  containing  three  rooms,  used  as 
post  adjutant's  office.  One-story  building,  is  by  11  by  10  feet,  containing  four  rooms,  regimental  ad- 
jutant's office,  but  used  as  quarters  by  company  laundresses  since  headquarters  Fourteenth  United 
States  Infantry  have  been  removed.  Post  bakerj — one  building,  W  by  22  by  10  feet,  with  a  brick 
oven  that  is  su  for  the  requirements  of  the  troops.  One  dding,  2Jtby  13by  lOfeet,  con- 

taining two  rooms,  used  as  laundress'  quarters.  Engine-house— one  story  building,  40  by  •'•(!  by  1 1 
feet,  containing  boiler,  stationary  engine,  and  steam  force  pump.  Blacksmith-shop — one  storj 
building,  35  bj  20  by  10  feet,  with  two  forges.  Work-shop— one-story  building,  100  by  25  by  10 
feet,  containing  carpenter  shop  with  seven  carpenter-benches,  pain;  shop,  saddle  and  harness  .shop, 
and  store-room.     Quartermaster  stables — one  building,  300  by  50  i      lining  a  sleeping- 

room  for  quartermaster's  extra-duty  men,  two  rooms  for  sergeant  in  i  one  carriage 

and  wagon  room,  and  stabling  for  thirty  eight  animals.  One  hundred  and  eighty-eight  feet  of  this 
building,  beginning  at  the  front  on  Cheatham  street,  has  recently  been  covered  with  a  good  shingle 
roof;  112  feet  on  the  rear  end  of  the  building  is  uncovered,  and  cannot  be  used  for  any  purpose. 
Cavalry  stables — one-story  building,  282  by  35  by  11  feet,  containing  one  saddler  shop,  one  grain- 
room,  one  hay  and  straw  room,  two  sleeping  rooms  for  men  on  duly  at  stables,  and  one  saddle- 
room. 

Supply  Depots,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  supply  depots  are  at  Louisville,  Kentucky. 
Subsistence— two  months'  supply  of  commissary  stores,  and  three  months'  supply  of  quartermaster 
stores,  are  generally  kept  on  hand. 

Watep.  and  Wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Cumberland  River,  through 
the  city  water-works;  but  in  consequence  ol  the  altitude  of  the  barracks  being  very  nearly  equal 
to  that  of  the  reservoir,  it  was  impracticable  to  distribute  the  water  through  the  various  buildings. 
Four  wooden  iron-bound  water-tanks,  with  a  joint  capacity  of  12,000  gallons,  have  been  erected  on 
a  platform  28  feet  high.  The  water  is  raised  to  these  tanks  by  a  stationary  engine,  and  from  them 
distributed  to  every  building  in  the  barracks.  Fuel  consists  of  wood  and  coal,  furnished  by  eon 
tract.     The  wood  is  good  hard-wood,  and  the  coal  bituminous,  and  of  good  quality. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — The  following  minerals  are  found  :  Aspbaltuni,  azurite,  baryta,  oxide  of  ban  !a,  blende, 
bornite,  calamine,  calcite,  chaleanthite,  celestite,  cerussite,  chalcedony,  coal,  copper  glance,  copper 
p\  rites,  copper  native,  dolomite,  sulphate  of  magnesia,  fluorite,  epidote,  galenite,  (  Plumbi  sulphide,) 
garnets,  gold,  gypsum,  glauconite,  hematite,  hornblende,  jasper,  lignite,  limonite,  magnetic  iron, 
malachite,  manganese,  molybdenite,  potassa  ultras,  orthodass,  petroleum,  pyrexene,  quartz,  siderite, 
sulphur,  tremolite,  and  many  others  of  less  note. 

Communications. — Connected  with  Louisville.  Kentucky,  one  hundred  aud  eighty-five  mdes, 
by  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad:  with  Lebauon,  Tennessee,  32  miles,  by  the  Tennessee  and  Pa- 
cific Railroad;  with  Chattanooga,  Tennessee, one  hundred  and  fifty  one  miles, by  the  Nashville  and 
Chattanooga  Railroad  ;  with  Decatur,  Alabama,  one  hundred  and  twenty-two  miles.  b\  the  Nashville 
and  Decatur  Railroad  :  with  Hickman,  Kentucky,  one  hundred  and  seventy  miles,  bj  the  Nashville 
■  and  Northwestern  Railroad;  and  with  llopkinsviile.  Kentucky,  by  the  Edgefield  and  Kentucky  Rail- 
road. The  Cumberland  River  is  navigable  for  steamboats  during  ten  months  of  the  year,  on  an 
average. 


30  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Reservation. — Ash  Barracks  is  erected  mi  fifty-eight  lots  in  McGavock's  addition  to  the  city 
of  N:i sin  ill*'.  They  number  from  126  to  132,  from  1  16  to  L52,  from  155  t<>  159,  from  171  to  185,  and 
from  236  to  265,  inclusive. 

Description  of  the  country. — The  great  interest  of  Teuuessce  is  agriculture.  II  is  well 
adapted  to  producing  cotton,  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley,  broom-corn,  apples,  pears, 
peaches,  cherries,  apricots,  and  fruits  in  general,  as  well  as  all  the  grasses, especially  blue  timothy, 
red-top,  clover,  and  Hungarian.     This  region  is  much  better  cultivated  and  improved  than  any 

other   portion   of  the  State;  yet  the   soil    has   been   imperfectly  studied.    The  a lal  range  oi 

the  thermometer  is  about  92°.  Average  summer  temperature,  77°  30' ;  average  winter  tempera- 
ture, 39c  50'.  The  prevailing  winds  are  from  the  south.  The  average  rain-fall  is  54.99  inches.  In 
winter  snow  falls,  but  melts  in  a  few  hours,  or,  at  furthest,  in  a  day  ortwo.  in  passing  north  or 
south,  the  average  annual  temperature  diminishes  or  increases  1  for  each  fori  \  -five  miles,  or  about 
i"     in  the  width  of  the  State. 


POST   t»F    NATCHEZ,    MISSISSIPPI.* 

(  Established — see  Location.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY   I.  f.  SCOTT,  CAPTAIN  SIXTEENTH    INFANTRY,  APRIL,  1*70,  COMMANDING 

OFI  K  ER  AT  THE  TIME, 

Location. — The  post  is  situated  on  the  east  bank  ot  the  Mississippi  Liiver,  within  citj  limits 
of  Natchez,  Mississippi,  and  about  one  mile  above  the  landing.  The  post  is  a  dismantled  field- 
work,  known  during  the  late  war  as  ''Fort  Mcl'herson."  Exact  date  of  establishment  unknown  : 
probably  in  February,  L866. 

Quarters. — Barrack-room  for  two  companies;  kitchen  and  1: dress  quarters  for  one  com- 
pany. Not  sufficient  quarters  for  officers — one  lieutenant  and  the  medical  officer  living  al  Marine 
Hospital,  about  one  half  a  mile  from  the  post.  The  buildings  at  the  post  are  wooden  structures,  and 
are  iu  need  of  repaii  s. 

Stoke-house. — Small  brick  building,  used  for  storage  of  quartermaster  and  subsistence  stores 
and  property.     Ample  storage  for  forage  over  the  stable. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Now  in  United  States  marine  hospital.  It  is  reported,  how- 
ever, that  Congress  has  passed  an  act  transferring  that  property  to  the  Slate  of  Mississippi.  In 
event  of  such  transfer,  additional  accommodations  will  be  required  for  officers  and  sick  men  at  the 
post.  Guard-house,  suitable  frame  building,  one  guardroom  and  three  prison  rooms.  One  small 
frame  building  of  two  rooms,  used  as  commanding  officer's  and  post  quartermaster's  offices. 

Si  rri.v  depots,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  New  Orleans, 
Louisiana.  Supplies  from  Louisville,  Kentucky,  can  be  sent  all  the  way  by  river,  or  by  rail  to 
Vicksburg,  Mississippi,  and  thence  by  water  to  this  station.  Subsistence — three  months' supply 
is  generally  kept  on  hand. 

WATER  AND  "WOOD. —  Lain  water  from  under  ground  cisterns  of  ample  capacity,  but  out  of 
repair.     Hard  and  soft  wood  furnished  at  the  post  bj  contract. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines.— None. 

(  lOMMUNICATIONS. —  None. 

Reservation.— Site  of  post  leased  at  $83  33  per  month. 
Description  of  the  coi  ntry.— None. 


Discontinued  per  Paragraph  III,  S.  O.  No.  149,  Headquarters  .Depaitmeii    oi     '■         utli,   lulj   14,  1S70. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OP  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  31 

POST  OF  NEWPORT  BARRACKS,   KENTUCKY. 

( Established — sec  Location.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    BY  II.  W.  WESSELLS,  LIEUTENANT   COLONEL    UNITED   STATES  ARMY,  AUG1  ST, 

L870,  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  39°  5'  north:  longitude,  si  30'  west  from  Greenwich.  The  post  is 
situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Ohio,  in  Campbell  County,  Kentucky,  and  within  the  corporate 
limits  of  the  city  of  Newport,  occupj  iug  the  upper  angle  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Licking  with 
the  Ohio  River.  The  ground  was  purchased  in  1803,  and  barracks  firsl  constructed  in  1806,  under 
a  contract  made  in  Washington  City  with  General  Dearborn,  then  Secret arj  of  War.  Post  office 
is  in  the  city  of  New  port.  Kentucky. 

QUARTERS. — One  two-story  brick  building,  52  by  30  fret,  two  sets,  lour  rooms  each,  with 
basement  kitchen.  Two  three-story  brick  buildings,  83  bj  25  and  58  bj  28  feet,  with  capacity  for 
three  hundred  and  twenty  men.  The  two  upper  floors  are  u^-il  as  dormitories,  and  the  first  flooi 
a.s  kitchen  and  mess-room.  One  three-story  brick  building,  50  by  30  feet,  six  rooms  on  each  floor, 
occupied  by  the  post  bakery,  printing-office,  i-commissioned  staff,  and  laundresses.  One  two- 
story  brick  building,  52  by  3G  feet,  two  sets,  lour  rooms  each,  w  ith  \\  ing  and  kitchen  ;  designed  for 
field  and  staff.  The  foregoing  buildings  are  generally7  in  good  repair.  Officers' quarters — (see 
Store-houses.) 

Store-houses. — One  two-story  brick  building,  (formerly  called  the  arsenal,)  84  by  36  feet,  with 
cellar  extending  the  whole  length.  This  latter  portion  is  used  for  the  storage  of  subsistence  and 
quartermaster's  property ;  but  it  may  be.  flooded  by  an  unusual  rise  of  the  two  rivers.  The  first 
floor  is  divided  info  five  rooms,  one  of  which  is  used  as  an  office  bj  the  depot  quartermaster,  two 
used  for  the  storage  of  clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage,  and  the  remaining  rooms  assigned 
as  quarters  for  officers.  The  second  floor  i  used  as  an  examining  room  for  recruits,  and  command- 
ing officer's  office.  (This  building  is  believed  to  be  the  only  original  one  now  remaining.)  One 
frame  building,  one  storj  high,  21  by  10  feet,  divided  inlo  two  rooms ;  one  used  as  issuing  store- 
house by  the  commissary,  and  the  other  occupied  as  a  carpenter,  saddler,  and  paint  shop.  One 
brick  stable,  one  and  a  half  stories  high,  28 bj  19  feet,  accommodating  ten  animals,  the  lot'r  used  for 
storing  forage.  Capacity — three  months'  supply  for  twelve  horses,  and  one  month's  supplj  foi 
three  hundred  and  fifty  men. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &r. — One  two-story  brick  building,  25  by  50  feet,  with  a  brick 
addition  of  18  by  2-1  feet,  used  as  a  kitchen  :  the  lower  pari  of  the  main  building  is  used  as  store 
room,  dispensary,  and  quarters  for  hospital  steward ;  the  upper  floor  has  two  wards,  each  for  four 
patients.  Any  excess  of  sick  over  that  number  is  provided  lor  in  hospital  tents.  This  building  is 
undergoing  repairs.  Guard-house — one  brick  building,  elevated  8  feet,  the  lower  part  used  as  guard- 
room and  storage  for  coal:  the  upper  part  divided  into  rooms  and  cells  for  the  confinement  of 
prisoners.  Magazine — one  two-story  building,  of  stone  and  brick,  slate  roof  and  double  doors,  in 
good  repair,  and  with  ample  capacity  for  all  the  wants  of  this  post.  Chapel — one  frame  building, 
one  story  high,  and  1 1  by  28  feet.     It  is  also  used  as  a  school  house. 

Supply  depots,  &C. — Clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage,  and  quartermaster's  stores,  are 
drawn  from  the  depot  at  Jeffersonville,  Indiana.  Subsistence  stores  are  readily  obtained  from 
Cincinnati.  Ohio,  directly  opposite;  with  this  city,  communication  is  made  by  means  of  ferry 
boats  from  Newport,  and  bridges  over  the  Ticking  and  Ohio  Rivers.  The  ferry  is  used  by  the 
garrison,  it  being  the  most  economical.  A  portion  of  the  subsistence  stores  is  now  furnished  from 
Louisville,  Kentucky;  a  supply  for  three  months  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood.— Mosl  of  the  water  is  hauled  by  carts  from  the  Ohio  River;  but  for  cook- 
ing and  drinking,  a  supply  is  generally  obtained  from  cisterns,  of  which  there  are  seven,  with  a 
joint  capacity  of  about  45,000  gallons,  insufficient  during  a  time  of  prolonged  drought.  Fuel— both 
wood  and  coal  are  now  furnished  by  contract. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — None. 


32  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Communications. — South,  by  the  Ohio  River  and  Short-line  Railroad  I"  Louisville,  Kentucky  ; 
in  all  other  directions,  by  the  several  railways  leading  out  of  Cincinnati. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  is  rectangular  in  shape,  288  feet  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  oil:; 
feci  on  the  Licking  River,  the  former  fronl  being  protected  bj  a  substantial  sea  wall.  As  these 
two  rivers,  respectively,  separate  the  city  of  Newport  from  Cincinnati  and  Covington,  the  public 
ground  occupied  by  the  depot  finds  itself  in  the  midst  of  three  large  cities. 

Description  OF  THE  COUNTRY. — There  is  no  ground  for  cultivation,  the  whole  surface  being 
occupied  by  the  buildings,  their  yards,  and  the  parade  ground.  The  climate  >>,  subject  to  great 
extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  the  weather  being  very  variable ;  but  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  post 
is  generally   good. 


POST  OF  FORT  PULASKI,  GEORGIA. 

•    (  Established — date  not.  known.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    BY  !J.  V.  W.    HOWARD,  MAJOB    THIRD    ARTILLERY,  APRIL,    1870,    COMMANDING 

OFFICEE  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  32°  2'  north;  longitude,  :i  .">l'  west  from  Washington.  The  fori  is 
situated  on  Cockspur  Island,  Georgia,  at  the  head  of  Tybee  Roads,  commanding  both  channels  of 
the  Savannah  River.  The  fort  is  n  pentagon,  built  of  brick-,  including  the  gorge,  casemated  on  all 
sides;  walls.  7.]  feet  thick  and  25  feet  high  above  high  water,  mounting  one  tier  of  guns  in  embra- 
sures, and  one  tier  en  barbette.  The  gorge  is  covered  by  an  earthen  demi-lune  of  bold  relief.  The 
main  work  and  demi-lunc  arc  both  surrounded  and  divided  by  a  wet  ditch,  accessible  to  tide. 
Around  the  main  work,  the  ditch  is  is  feet  wide:  around  the  demi  lime,  .">•_'  feet,  revetted  with 
brick  masonry.  There  are  at  present  mounted  four  10-inch  Rodman  and  four  lot)  pounder  Parrott 
guns  ;  also,  live  columbiads,  old  pattern.  A  full  armament  for  the  work  would  be  one  hundred  and 
forty  guns.  An  earthen  work  or  water-battery,  containing  two  10-inch  Rodman  guns,  commands 
the  main  channel,  it  being  located  on  the  edge  of  the  river.  Post  office  is  al  Savannah,  Georgia. 
Savannah  City,  eighteen  miles  distant,  is  the  nearest  settlement. 

Quarters. — Casemates,  for  three  companies.  Officers'  quarters — seven  casemates,  in  gorge. 
Three  sets  outside,  frame  buildings,  old  but  habitable,  undergoing  slight  repairs. 

Store  hoi  ses. — Casemates.  One  building  outside,  27  by  1!»  feet,  for  quartermaster's  granary — 
capacity,  3,915  bushels — with  stable  of  eight  stalls  attached. 

Hospital,  guard-hoi  se,  &c. — in  one  set  of  officers'  quarters  outside  ;  acconiinodatioiffor  ten 
patients.  Building  unsuitable  and  contracted.  Guard-house  and  prison — casemates,  containing 
thirty-one  military  convicts.  One  frame  building,  outside,  21  by  l!>  feet,  i\-<i'(\  as  blacksmith-shop. 
One  frame  building  in  demi-lune,  33  by  16  feet,  used  as  bake-house.  One  old  frame  building  at 
wharf,  21  by  17  I'crt,  used  as  boat-house. 

Supply  depots,  &c — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Charleston, 
Smith  Carolina.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  steamer,  and  by  contract.  Subsistence — two  months' 
supply  is  generally  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  furnished  with  cisterns  inside  and  out.  If  has  also  a  con 
denser,  which  is  required  in  dry  seasons.     W lis  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — None 

Minks.— None. 

Communications.—  Between  post  ami  Savannah,  by  row  boats. 

Reservation.— None. 

Description  of  the  coi  ntry.— Cockspur  Island,  which  is  about  one  mile  long  and  half  a 
mile  wide,  is  nothing  bul  a  mud-marsh,  covei'ed  with  reeds  and  tall  grass.  The  general  surface  is 
about  the  level  of  ordinary  high  tide,  which  latter  is  restrained  bj  earthen    embankments.    There 

are  a  few  spots,  of  limited  area,  where  gardens  can  be  cultivated.     Of  trees,  there  are   ie  but  a 

few  palmettos.    There  is  grass  sufficient  to  keep,  during  the  summer,  the  beef  required   for  con 
sumption.    The  health  of  the  post  is  good. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  33 

POST  OF  SAVANNAH,  (OGLETHORPE  BARRACKS,)  GEORGIA. 

(Established  about  1834.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  G.  A.  Di   RUSSV,  MAJOE  THIRD  ARTILLERY,  APRIL,  1870,  (  OMMANDING  OFFICER 

AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — in  the  city  of  Savannah,  Georgia. 

Quarters. — One  barrack,  130  by  30  feet,  two  stories,  'milt  of  brick.  Two  companies  could  lie 
crow  (led  into  the  garrison,  or  t  wo  companies  could  be  easily  provided  lor.  if  laundresses  were  other- 
wise quartered.  <  ((fleers'  quarters — one  building  of  brick,  130  by  30  feet,  containing  eight  assignable 
rooms.     Over  quartermaster's  store  house,  officers'  quarters,  containing  six  assignable  rooms. 

Store  houses. — One  building,  <>'•  by  33  feet,  two  stories,  Imili  of  brick,  and  containing  one 
room  for  quartermaster  and  commissary  stores.  There  is  at  the  post  one  stable,  built  of  brick ; 
also  one  small  building  built  of  brick,  used  as  the  commanding  officer's  office. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Two-story  building,  built  of  brick  and  wood;  foundation  and 
first  story,  59  by24feet — second  story,  79  by  12  feet.  Accommodation  forsixteen  patients.  Guard- 
house— two  stories,  built  of  wood,  with  one  room  for  guard,  one  room  for  sergeanl  of  the  guard, 
large  room  for  prisoners,  and  four  cells.  The  second  story  contains  one  room,  used  by  company 
tailor. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — At  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

Water  AND  WOOD. — Water  is  obtained  from  cits  water- works ;  wood  by  contract. 

Indians. — None. 

Ml>TES. — None. 

Commi  nications. — By  rail  and  water. 

EESERVATION. — None. 

Description  of  the  country. — None. 


•  POST  OF  SUMMERVILLE,  GEORGIA* 
I  Established  in  1870.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    BY    WILLIAM    FALCK,  CAPTAIN    SECOND    INFANTRY,  APRIL,    1870,  COMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. —  Latitude,  34°  •"••".':  lougitude,  S0°  22'  west  from  Greenwich.  Post  office  at  the 
village.  The  post  is  situated  on  the  west  hank  of,  and  one  and  a  quarter  miles  from,  the  <  Ihattooga 
River.     Home.  Georgia,  twenty-five  miles  distant,  is  the  nearest  town  of  any  importance. 

Ql  I.RTERS. — For  seventy  men.  The  court  house  is  occupied  by  the  troops.  Rooms  are  hired 
for  officers. 

Store  houses. — One  room  in  the  jail  building,  occupied  as  a  commissary  and  quartermasters 
store. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. —  Frame  building,  hired — accommodations  for  six  patients.  The 
jail  is  used  as  a  guard-house,  one  room  below  for  the  guard,  and  two  rooms  and  cells  up  stairs  tor 
prisoners.  One  room  in  the  court  house  is  used  as  adjutant's  office,  and  one  room  in  same  building 
as  quartermaster's  office.     One  stable  is  hired  tor  public  animals. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Atlanta,  Geor- 
gia, one  hundred  and  five  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply-  is  by  railroad  to  Rome,  Georgia,  and 
thence  by  wagon-road  to  Summerville,  twenty-five  miles — open  at  all  seasons.  Supplies  trans- 
ported from  Rome  by  public 'wagons.     Subsistence — two  months'  supply  is  generally  kept  on  hand. 


Discontinued  per  Paragraph  V,  s.  <  >.  No.  159,  Headquarters  Department  of  t  lie  South,  .Inh  25,  1870. 
5 


34  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  fine  springs  and  wells.  Wood  pur. 
chased  in  open  market. 

Indians. — None. 

MINES. — The  country  about  abounds  in  coal  and  iron,  but  is  undeveloped. 

Communications. —  Between  post  and  nearest  town,  by  coach  once  a  week.  Mail  communica- 
tion three  li s  a  week. 

Reservation. — None. 

Description  of  the  country. — Mountainous  country,  interspersed  with  small  valleys  in 
fine  state  of  cultivation.  Timber — pine  and  oak,  in  large  quantities.  Soil  sandy.  The  river  is 
fordable  daring  low  water.  Climate  mild.  The  winter  season  has  been  very  wet,  and  also  spring, 
as  far  as  advanced.     Average  spring  temperature,  from  55°  to  00°.    Health  of  the  troops  is  good. 


POST  OF  TAYLOR  BARRACKS,  KENTUCKY. 
(Established — date  not  known.) 

[NFORMATION  GIVEN   BY  ROBERT  N.  SCOTT,  CAPTAIN  SIXTEENTH  INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1870,  COMMAND- 
ING OFFICER  AT  THE   TIME. 

LOCATION. — On  eastern  side  of  Third  street,  in  "Campbell's  Addition," in  the  southern  suburbs 
of  the  city  of  Louisville.  The  ground  is  leased  from  three  separate  parties,  at  a  total  yearly  rental 
of  $3,803  12.  The  leases  terminate  on  the  1st  day  of  September,  1S71.  The  site  is  low  and  marshy — 
drainage  imperfect,  and  parade-ground  Hooded  in  wet  weather. 

QUARTERS. — Ample  barrack  room  for  six  companies  of  infantry.  Balloon  buildings,  in  tolerable 
condition.  Fourteen  sets  of  officers' quarters — most  of  them  much  out  of  repair.  Twelve  sets  of 
laundress'  quarters,  (also  frame  buildings,)  in  good  repair,  but   inconveniently  arranged. 

Store-houses. — Two  frame  buildings,  of  ample  capacity  for  uses  of  the  post — one  is  24  by  106 
feet,  and  the  other  21  by  193  feet. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Onetwo-story  frame  building,  in  fair  condition.  Ample  accom- 
modations for  tin1  sick,  under  ordinary  circumstances,  of  six  companies.  <  luard-house — secure  and 
commodious,  located  between  fire  engine  house  and  hospital  store-room.  Bakerj — frame  building, 
27  by  40  feet,  oven  and  fixtures  in  good  condition.  Frame  building,  24  by  44  feet,  containing  five 
rooms — used  as  commanding  officer's,  adjutant's,  and  quartermaster's  offices. 

Supply  depots,  &c — Supplies  drawn  from  depots  in  Jeffersonville,  Indiana,  and  in  the  city 
of  Louisville.     Subsistence — three  months'  supply  generally  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — Supplied  by  city  water-works — water-pipes  laid  through  the  quarters. 
Wood  and  coal  purchased  by  contract  in  the  city. 

Indians. — None. 

M  LNES. — None. 

Communications. — None 

Reservation. — None. 

Description  op  the  country.— None. 


FORT  TAYLOR,   KEY  WEST,  FLORIDA. 

INFORMATION    GIVEN     BY    T.W.SHERMAN,   COLONEL   THIRD   ARTILLERY,    MAY,    1870,    COMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

LOCATION. —  Near  Whitehead's  Point  tin  southwest  shore  of  island  of  Key  West,  and  about  one 
mile  from  the  center  of  the  city.  Construction  commenced  in  the  year  1844;  not  yet  completed, 
nor  formally  turned  over  for  the  occupation  of  troops.  The  armament  of  the  castle  is  in  charge 
of  the  garrison  of  Key  West ;  and  the  fort  was  garrisoned  during  the  late  war. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  35 

Quarters. — For  five  companies,  and  in  casemates;  officers'  quarters,  partly  in  casemates, 
and  partly  in  a  brick  structure  over  the  casemates  on  the  land  or  gorge  front. 

Store-houses None,  except  what  the  casemates  afford. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &o. — Hospital — in  casemates;  bui  now  used  as  ordnance  store 
rooms.  Guard-house — over  the  sallyport  entering  from  the  unfinished  cover-face;  and  one  room 
and  three  cells  for  prisoners.     Bakery — in  one  of  lower  casemates  on  land  front. 

Water  and  wood.— The  cistern  capacity  of  the  fort  is  immense;  one  large  cistern  under 
each  casemate,  but  not  surface-drainage  enough  to  supply  them.  Deficiency  supplied  during  the 
war  by  a  condenser,  which  is  still  at  the  post. 

Reservation.— Sixty  acres,  deeded  to  the  United  State.-,  in  different  parcels,  in  the  years 
1845  and  1846,  situated  at  the  southwestern  extremity  of  the  city  of  Kej  West,  and  connecting 
with  the  fort  by  a  bridge  about  one  fourth  of  a  mile  in  length. 


ADVANCED  TOWERS— (DEPENDENCIES  OF  FORT  TAYLOR.) 

LOCATION. — Tower  No.  I  is  situated  on  the  southern  coast  of  the  island,  about  one  ami  a  half 
miles  from  Fort.  Taylor.  Tower  No.  L'  on  the  same  coast,  and  in  the  southeastern  extremity  of 
the  island.  ( 'oust  met  ion  of  both  commenced  in  tin'  year  1861 — not  yel  completed.  The  construc- 
tion of  these  towers  was  ordered  by  the  Secretary  of  War.  in  18G1,  being  then  deemed  necessarj  I" 
a  good  defense  of  the  south  shore  "ft  he  island. 

Quarters. — None,  except  that  a  company  or  detachment  could,  at  a  pinch,  be  quartered  in 
the  second  stage  of  the  towers. 

Reservation. — To  tower  No.  1.  square  No.  l.".».  coutaining  thirty  three  acres;  to  tower  No.  L.'. 
about  the  same  quantity  of  land.  These  reservations  were  taken  possession  of  by  order  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  September  21,  1801.  The  two  towers  and  Fort  Taylor  are  connected  with  a  rail- 
road belonging  to  the  Engineer  Department. 


POST  OF  TUSCALOOSA,  ALABAMA.* 

(Established  iu  1869.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    BY    WILLIAM    MILLS.    CAPTAIN    SECOND    INFANTRY,   MAY.    1870,  COMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Situated  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Warrior  River,  at  the  Bead  of  navigation  on 
that  river,  and  is  in  Tuscaloosa  County.  Alabama. 

QUARTERS. — The  quarters  occupied  by  the  troops  comprise  a  half  block,  which  include 
quarters  for  the  troops,  mess-rooms,  kitchen,  store-room,  orderly-room,  laundress'  quarters,  bakery. 
guard-house,  quartermaster's  and  commissary  stove-rooms,  and  stabling,  &c.,  for  tour  mules — all 
of  which  are  ample  for  a  garrison  of  seventy-five  men;  and  are  rented  by  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  at  the  rate  of  $50  per  month.  Officers' quarters  are  provided  by  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  for  one  captain,  two  subalterns,  and  one  acting  assistant  surgeon,  at  a  monthly  nut 
of  655. 

Store-houses. — (See  Quarters.) 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c — The  post  hospital  is  a  bnilding  rented  by  the  Quartermaster's 
Department  at  the  rate  of  $15  per  month,  and  is  ample  for  the  proper  care  often  patients.  Guard- 
bouse.  (See  Quarters.) 

Suppl A'  depots,  &c. — The  post  is  supplied  from  the  nearest  depot,  which  is  New  Orleans, 
Louisiana.     Stores  are  shipped  from   there  via  Mobile,  Alabama,  to  the  post   by  steamers,  which 

*  Discontinued  per  Par.  V,  Dept.  S.  O.  249,  November  15,  1870. 


36  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

make  weekly  trips  to  this  place,  between  the  1st  of  November  and  the  1st  of  June.  Subsistence 
stores  are  received  from  the  same  depot.  Fresh  beef  is  purchased  in  open  market  at  from  1(>  to  12 
cents  per  pound,  according  to  the  season  of  the  year. 

Wateb  and  "wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  wells  on  the  premises.  Wood  and 
coal  purchased  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department.  Coal  is  purchased  at  from  1l'  to  20  cents  per 
bushel,  according  to  the  season  of  the  year  and  the  condition  of  the  roads. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — There  are  extensive  coal-beds  in  the  county,  the  nearest  to  the  post  being  ten  or 
twelve  miles. 

Communications. —  From  tin-  first  of  November  to  the  first  of  June,  the  post  is  connected  by 
steamers  witli  Mobile,  Alabama  :  during  the  other  months  of  the  year,  navigation  on  the  Warrior 
River  is  generally  suspended  on  account  of  low  water.  The  railroad  points  nearest  to  the  post  are 
distant  about  sixtj  miles,  being  Randolph,  on  the  Selina,  Rome  and  Dalton  Railroad;  Marion,  on 
the  Selnia  ami  Memphis  Railroad,  and  Columbus,  Mississippi,  on  the  Mobile  and  Ohio  Railroad. 
With  these  points  connection  is  made  by  stage  three  times  a  week-. 

Reservation. — None. 

Description  of  the  country. — None. 


POST  (>F  WARRENTOX,  GEORGIA. 
(Established  in  L869.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN    BY    F.  It.  TORBETT,  CAPTAIN    EIGHTEENTH   INFANTRY,  SEPTEMBER,  1870,  COM- 
MANDING OFFICEE  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. —  Latitude,  33c  -7'  north:  longitude,  5°  40' west  from  Washington.  Post  office  at 
Warrenton,  Georgia. 

QUARTERS. — The  buildings  are  box-houses  of  the  cheapest  kind,  and  sufficient  to  temporarily 
quarter  twenty  four  enlisted  men  and  three  officers. 

Store  houses. — No  information  given  in  relation  to. 

Hospital,  guaed  house,  &c. — Hospital  ami  company  mess  in  tents. 

Si  pply  depots,  &c. — Atlanta, Georgia,  distant  one  hundred  and  thirty-t  wo  miles,  and  <  Iharles- 
ton,  South  <  'arolina,  distant  one  hundred  and  eighty-eight  miles.  Subsistence — two  months'  sup- 
ply generally  kepi  on  hand. 

Watee  a.\*i>  wood. — Well-water  for  troops,  and  creek  near  camp  for  stock.  Wood — no  infor- 
mation given  in  relation  to. 

[NDIANS. — None. 

Mines. — None. 

Commi  nications. —  By  Georgia  Railroad,  and  Macon  and  Augusta  Railroad. 

RESERVATION. — Five  acres  of  land,  leased  Ibi'  (Hie  year.      No  wood  on  land  leased. 

Description  of  'i  in:  country. —  Pine  ami  oak  wood  lauds,  devoted  to  cut  ton.  Population — 
half  white  and  half  black.  ( >ue  colored  and  two  while  schools  known  to  exist  in  the  country.  Mica 
and  sandstone  formation  of  country.  The  Ogeechee  River  runs  twelve  miles  west  of  the  post. 
The  temperature  during  .Inly  and  August,  1870, averaged  I  warmer  than  Atlanta.  Georgia.  Pop- 
ulation of  Warrenton,  Georgia,  six  hundred  and  ten  inhabitants. 


DEPARTMENT    OF 


i^Ab. 


POSTS     D  ESC  I!  I  1!  B  1). 


Austin.  Texas. 
Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana. 
Bliss,  Fort,  Texas. 
Brown,  Foi  t.  Texas. 
.Clark,  Fort,  Texas. 

( ' In',  fort,  Texas. 

( lorsicana,  Texas. 
Davis,  Fort,  Texas. 
Duncan,  Fort,  Texas. 
( .1  iitin.  Fort,  Texas. 

Jackson  Barracks,  I isiaua. 

Jackson,  Foi  I.  Louisiana. 
Jefferson,  Texas. 


Mcintosh,  Fort,  Texas. 
McKavct  I,  Fort,  Texas. 
Pike,  Fort',  Louisiana. 
Quit in.iii.  Fort,  Texas. 

Richards Foi  t.  Texas. 

Ringgold  Ban  aeks,  Texas. 

San  Autouio,  Texas. 

San  Autouio  Arsenal,  Texas 

slnv\  eporl .  Louisiana. 

Stockton,  Fort,  Texas. 

St.  Philip,  Louisiana. 

\\  aco,  Texas. 


POST  OF  AUSTIN,  TEXAS. 
(Established  in  IS65.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  E.  E.  SELLERS,  CAPTAIN  TENTH  INFANTRY,  SEPTEMBER,  1870,  COMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  30°  30' ;  longitude,  9SC  west  from  Greenwich.  The  posl  is  situated  ou 
the  cast  hank  of,  and  about  600  yards  from,  the  Colorado  River.  Posl  office  al  the  city  of  Austin, 
Texas,  which  lies  south  of  the  post,  and  is  one  and  a  half  miles  distant;  it  is  the  neatest  town,  and 
lias  a  population  of  live  thousand  inhabitants. 

Quarters. — Tents — for  one  company  of  infantry,  anil  officers. 
'Store-houses. — None. 

Hospital,  guard  house,  &c. — <  >ne  frame  building,  in  the  citj  of  Austin  :  accommodation  for 
twenty  patients.  Guard-house— built  of  oak  plank,  ami  one  room  foi-  tin-  guard,  built  of  the  same 
material.  The  corral  ami  three  small  frame  buildings,  used  as  granary,  harness-room,  and 
carpenter,  blacksmith,  and  saddler  shops,  are  being  taken  down  and  transferred  to  depot  quarter- 
master's corral  in  the  city  of  Austin,  lot'  the  purpose  of  building  quarters  for  one  company. 

Supply  depots,  &0. — Quartermaster  ami  subsistence  depots  are  at  Austin,  Texas,  one  and  a 
half  miles  distant.     Subsistence — received  from  depot  once  in  ten  days. 

"Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  tlm  ( iolorado  River,  hauled  in  tanks 
about  half  a  mile.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — None  within  limits  of  post. 

Mines. — None. 

Communications. — Between  city  of  Austin  and  Brenham, Texas,  (the  terminus  of  railroad.) 
one  hundred  and  ten  miles  distant,  by  mail  coach. 

Reservation. — None. 

Description  of  rHE  country. — Larue  tracts  of  land  under  cultivation.  Timber  in  abundance. 
There  being  no  Governmenl  reservation,  no  gardens  can  he  made.  Soil,  sandy  and  gravelly. 
Several  quarries  of  limestone.  Colorado  River  fordable  in  low  water ;  ponton  bridge  (owned  by 
private  parties)  principally  used  in.crossing.  Climate  mild,  seasons  dry.  Average  spring  temper- 
ature, 67c  51';  average  winter  temperature,  51°  17'.     The  health  of  the  camp  is  good. 


38  DESGKIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

POST  OF  BATON  ROUGE  BARRACKS,  LOUISIANA. 

(Established — sec  Location.)   . 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY  HENRY  A.   HAMBRIGHT,  MAJOR    NINETEENTH    INFANTRY,  APRIL,  L870,  COM- 
MANDING OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  30°  32'  north ;  longitude,  91°  15' west  from  Greenwich.  The  posi  is 
situated  on  the  cast  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and  within  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Baton 
Rouge,  Louisiana,  which  is  the  posi  oilier.  The  posi  was  established,  it  is  supposed,  in  1820,  by 
the  First  United  States  Infantry. 

QUARTERS. — For  two  hundred  and  fifty  men — two  brick  buildings,  in  fair  condition.  One  two 
story  lirirk  building,  formerly  used  as  the  commissary  and  quartermaster  store-house,  is  now  used. 
the  lower  floor  as  carpenter-shop,  and  the  upper  floor  as  laundresses' quarters.  There  are  also  three 
small  frame  buildings,  of  one  room  each  ;  two  of  them  are  used  as  laundresses"  quarters,  the  other 
as  a  tool-house.  They  are  old,  and  of  little  value.  ( M'tieers"  quarters — two  sets,  built  of  brick,  and 
in  bad  repair. 

Store-houses. — One  three  story  brick  building,  120  l>y  3S  feet,  containing  three  rooms.  The 
first  floor  is  used  for  a  commissary  storehouse ;  the  second  and  third  floors  for  quartermaster 
stores.  The  building  is  situated  in  the  arsenal  grounds,  and  was  turned  over  to  the  quartermaster 
by  the  Ordnance  Department  February  1,  1870.  One  brick  building,  used  as  blacksmith-shop,  in 
good  repair.     Two  wooden  stables,  almost  worthless. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Buill  of  wood — acco lodatiou  for  twenty-four  patients.    The 

central  portion  of  the  building  istwo  stories  bigh,  and  has  accommodations  for  steward  and 
attendants;  also  store  rooms,  dispensary,  and  wash-rooms.  The  building  is  new,  and  in  very  good 
repair;  has  two  cisterns,  a  good  garden,  and  is  sufficient  for  the  post.  Guard-houst — none.  A 
portion  of  the  lower  lloor  of  one  of  the  men's  quarters  is  used  for  that  purpose.  There  are  no 
suitable  cells  for  the  close  confinement  of  prisoners. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  New  (  Means, 
Louisiana,  distant  one  hundred  and  thirty  miles.  The  route  of  supply  is  h\  the  Mississippi  River, 
open  at  all  seasons.     Subsistence — one  month's  supply  is  generally  kept  on  hand. 

Wateb  ami  wood. —  Water  is  obtained  from  two  wells  and  eight  cisterns.  Wood  is  supplied 
by  contract. 

Indians. — None. 

Minks.— None. 

( iOMMUNICATIONS. —  By  steamers. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  comprises  210.76  acres;  the  garrison  inclosure  is  32.22  acres. 
Surveyed  in  1839. 

DESCRIPTION  of  THE  COUNTRY. — About  one-half  of  the  reservation  is  susceptible  .of  cultiva- 
tion.    A  bayou  runs  through  a  portion,  rendering  it  unfit  for  cultivation  or  any  other  use.     There 

is  at  the  post  a  line  garden  of  about  thirteen  acres,  each  company  having  a  separate  < There 

is,  in  addition,  a  small  garden  in  the  garrison  inclosure.  The  river  does  not  overflow  at  this  point. 
Grass — Bermuda,  wire,  and  white  clover — very  abundant.  Soil — clay  loam.  No  meteorological 
register  kept  at  the  post.  Climate  hot.  seasons  moist.  Health  of  the  post  good — below  average — 
malarial  diseases  prevail. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITAEY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  39 

FORT  BLISS,  LATE  CAMP  CONCORDIA,  TEXAS 

(Established  March  1,  18C8.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY  BREVET   MAJOR  CHARLES  E.  CLARKE,  CAPTAIN   UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY, 

MAY,  1870,  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  north, 31°46'  5£";  longitude  west,  106°  2P.  Altitude, 3,000  feet.  Post 
office  at  El  Paso,  Texas,  three  miles  distant,  whicli  is  tbe  nearest  town. 

Quarters. — For  two  hundred  men — two  buildings  of  adobes,  \-\.\  feet  long  by  15  feet  wide; 
two  wings,  51 .',  feet  long  by  15  feet  wide.  Officers'  quarters — six  sets,  built  of  adobes  and  in  good 
k  pair. 

Store-houses. — One  building,  15  by  i  10  feet,  with  two  wings,  eacb  L5  by  53  feet,  for  subsist. 
enee  stores.  One  building, 30  by  8S  feet,  for  quartermaster's  stores;  also  a  granary,  with  a  capacitj 
for  4, 500  bushels. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital,  built  of  adobes — accommodation  for  six  patients. 
Guard-house — built  of  adobes,  with  two  rooms,  each  16  by  16  feet.  One  building  in  corral,  used  as 
rooms  for  employes,  granary,  and  saddle  room.  In  rear  of  the  commissary  buildings  are  two 
small  buildings  built  of  adobes,  and  used  as  blacksmith  and  carpenter  shops.  One  building 
directly  east,  to  feet  from  end  of  company  quarters,  used  as  a  magazine.  All  of  these  buildings  are 
built  of  adobes  and  in  excellent  repair,  the  root's  being  well  cemented  with  a  preparation  of  lime, 
the  fronts  and  sides  plastered  and  blue  washed,  the  top  and  side  borders  whitewashed. 

si  pply  DEPOTS,  &C. — The  nearest  supply  depot  for  quartermaster  and  subsistence  stores  is 
at  San  Antonio,  Texas,  seven  hundred  miles  distant;  the  route  of-  supply  by  wagon-road," open  at 
all  seasons.  Supplies  are  at  all  times  transported  by  contract.  Subsistence — three  mouths'  supply 
of  complete  rations  always  on  hand  since  the  reduction  of  the  post  to  one  company ;  but  previously . 
six  months. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Rio  Grande,  hauled  in  tanks 
about  one  and  a  half  miles.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians,  Riescaleros  and  Apaches. 

Mines. —  Silver  and  copper  mines  in  most  of  the  surrounding  mountains — the  principal  at 
Apache  Pass,  recently  discovered,  and  reported  to  be  of  immense  wealth — distant  about  three 
hundred  miles. 

Communications. — Between  post  and  nearest  town,  by  mail  coach. 

RESERVATION. — This  post  is  not  on  a  reservation,  but  a  tract  of  laud  containing  one  hundred 
acres,  and  leased  by  the  year  from  J.  A.  Zabriskie,  of  El  Paso.  Texas. 

Description  of  the  country. — The  only  arable,  land  is  the  bottomland  adjoining  and  in 
close  proximity  to  the  post,  the  higher  grouud  being  very  sandy  and  barren.  All  along  the  river- 
bottom  it  is  arable,  and  under  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  both  on  the  Mexican  and  this  side. 
Timber  very  scarce,  the  only  kind  for  over  one  hundred  miles  being  Cottonwood.  Mesquite  roots 
are  used  entirely  by  the  post  and  residents  of  the  country  for  fuel :  the  contract  price  per  cord  is 
$8  50.  The  finest  gardens  are  made,  and  vegetables  of  all  kinds  can  be  had  in  season.  Grapes 
are  abundant,  and  of  the  choicest  kinds.  Grass  and  grama,  of  a  very  limited  quantity,  the  soil 
being  sandy  and  alkaline.  The  river  is  fordable  at  almost  any  point  during  low  water,  but  danger- 
ous on  account  of  quicksand;  during  the  rising  of  the  stream  it  has  a  shifting  channel.  Climate 
mild;  seasons  dry.  Average  spring  temperature,  52°  15';  average  winter  temperature,  40°  03'. 
The  health  of  the  post  is  very  good;  no  patients  in  hospital,  and  no  deaths  since  the  fall  of  18GS. 


40  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

FOKT  BROWN,  TEXAS. 

(Established  April,  1846.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  BRIGADIER  GENERAL  H.  I'..  CUT/.,  COLONEL  TENTH  INFANTRY,  MAY, 

1870,  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Old  Fort  Brown,  a  six-bastioned  field-work,  was  built  and  garrisoned  in  April,  1846.  Browns- 
ville barracks,  established  in  the  autumn  of  1848,  was  burned  l>y  (lie  rebels  in  1864.  Fori  Brown 
barracks  was  rebuilt  on  tlie  old  site  of  Brownsville  Barracks  in  tin-  years  of  ISC8  ami  1S69. 

Location. — Latitude,  25°  53'  Hi";  longitude,  97°  20' from  Greenwich.  Tin-  post  is  situated 
mi  tlie  cast  bank  of  tin'  Rio  Grande  River,  adjacent  to  the  city  of  Brownsville,  Texas,  and  opposite 
the  city  of  Matamoi  as,  Mexico.  1 1  is  about  twenty-five  miles  by  land  from  l  he  mouth  of  I  he  river, 
and  about  twenty  seven  miles  from  Point  [sabel. 

Quarters. —  Four  infantry  barracks  built  of  wood,  capacity  lor  one  hundred  nieii  each.  One 
cavalry  barrack  built  of  brick,  capacity  for  eighty  men.  One  artillery  barrack  built  of  brick,  with 
capacity  for  one  hundred  ami  sixty  men.  One  barrack  lor  quartermaster  employes,  twelve  wooden 
.shanties  for  laundresses.  Officers'  quarters — one  headquarters  building  built  of  brick,  containing 
eight  rooms;  one  single  and  six  double  sets,  built  of  wood;  two  single  ami  three  double  sets,  built 
of  brick. 

Store-houses. — Mine — one  company  ami  seven  quartermaster's,  built  of  wood,  of  sufficient 
capacity.     One  fire-proof  brick  ordnance  building. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital,  line  brick  building.;  capacity,  forty-eight  beds. 
Guardhouse  built  of  logs,  entirely  inadequate.  Miscellaneous  buildings — three  small  cottages, 
one  bake  house,  one  blacksmith  shop,  one  carpenter- shop,  one  paint  and  saddlers'  shop,  one  engine 
house. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — The  post  and  depot  receive  quarterly  supplies  from  New  Oilcans. 
Ringgold  Barracks  and  Fort  Mcintosh  are  supplied  from  this  depot. 

Water  And  wood. — Water  is  supplied  from  the  Rio  Grande  River.  Wood  is  supplied  l>\ 
contract. 

Indians. — None,  within  two  hundred  miles. 

Communication. —  Between  post  and  Brownsville  bj  wagon-road. 

Reservation. — Three  hundred  and  fifty-eight  acres.  The  Government  has  no  title  except 
that  of  possession  since  L846,  except  during  the  war.  It  is  claimed  by  the  heirs  of  one  Cavazos, 
under  an  old  Spanish  grant,  and  also  b\  the  corporate  city  of  Brownsville,  Texas.  The  title 
has  been  in  litigation  lor  some  years,  but  has  not  been  dually  lixed. 

Description  of  the  Country. — The  country  around  is  flat,  well  timbered  in  parts;  mesqnite, 
ebony,  and  swamp  ash.  Grass,  mesquite,  grama,  and  Bermuda  are  abundant  and  nutritious. 
Between  the  Rio  Grande  and  Nueces  are  line  ranges  lor  cattle.  The  soil  is  rich,  and  when  not 
parched  with  drought,  yields  cotton,  corn,  splendid  sugar-cane,  and  nearly  all  kinds  of  vegetables. 
'the  Rio  Grande  rises  in  dune,  and  sometimes  overflows  its  banks  for  miles  on  either  side,  render- 
ing the  roads  almost  impassable  for  six  months  in  the  year.  Climate  mild.  Season  sometimes 
dry,  but  generally  moist  on  account  of  I  he  nearness  of  the  post  to  the  sea  coast.  Ror  the  past 
year  the  post  has  been  ven  healthy,  but  in  the  autumn  of  some  years  it  has  been  very  sickly,  the 
disease  being  yellow,  intermittent,  and  bilious  fever.  Prevailing  winds  southeasterly  and  southerly, 
with  sudden  and  severe  changes  to  the  north. 

SI    I!  POST  OR   PORT   BROW  \ 

Comprising  Point  Isabel,  where  there  is  a  hospital,  and  one  set  of  officers'  quarters,  one  story, 
of  wood.  Garrison — one  adjutant,  assistant  surgeon,  one  matron,  and  one  cook.  Brazos,  where 
there  is  one  ( lo\  eminent  wharf  and  warehouse,  one  small  set  of  officers' quarters.  Garrison — one 
officer  and  ten  enlisted  men.  Clarksville,  al  the  mouth  of  the  river,  where  there  is  a  garrison  of 
one  non-commissioned  officer  and  nine  enlisted  men,  for  t  he  protect  ion  of  t  he  customs  officers. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  41 

FORT  CLARK,  TEXAS! 
(Established  June  19,  1S52.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY  BREVET    LIEUTENANT   COLONEL   II.   C.  CORBIN,  CAPTAIN   TWENTY-FOURTH 
INFANTRY,   MAY.  1870,  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  29°  17' ;  longitude,  from  Greenwich,  100  25'.  Post  office  at  the  post. 
The  post  is  situated  on  the  south  bant  and  al  the  head  of  Los  Maras  River,  opposite  the  village 
of  Brackettsville,  and  seventeen  miles  from  the  Rio  Grande. 

Quarters. — For  two -hundred  men — built  of  stone,  in  good  condition.  Officers' quarters — 
seven  sets,  four  of  stone,  in  good  condition,  and  three  sets  of  pickets  u  itli  thatched  roofs,  in  very 
had  condition. 

Store-house.— One  two-story  building,  31  by  56  feci;  second  story  occupied  as  offices  for 
quartermaster  and  commissary,  and  for  storing  quartermaster  stores.  ( i round  Moor  used  as  sales 
room,  and  for  storing  subsistence  stores.  A  stone  building  attached  to  store  house,  I  l  by  132  feet) 
divided  into  two  rooms,  one  1  I  by  KM  feet,  used  as  granary— capacity,  3,000  bushels;  the  other. 
1-1  by  28  feet,  used  as  carpenter's  shop. 

IloRTITAL,   GUARD-HOUSE,  &C. —  None  reported. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — Nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  San  Antonio, 
Texas,  one  hundred  and  twenty-sis  miles  distant.  Wagon-road,  open  at  all  seasons.  Supplies 
generally  transported  by  contract.     Subsistence — three  months'  supply  generally  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood; — l'ost  supplied  with  water  from  Los  Maras  springs.  Wood  supplied  by 
contract. 

Indians. — Lipans,  Mescaleros,  Apaches,  and  Kickapoos. 

Mines. — None. 

Communications. — None. 

Reservation. — None.  Surveys  leased  by  the  Government  at  $50  (coin)  per  month.  Lease 
dated  July  1,  1852,  to  run  twenty  years. 

Description  of  the  country. — No  arable  land  within  post  limits,  except  about  two 
hundred  acres  in  bottom  which  can  be  irrigated,  but  is  subject  to  overflow.  Timber — heavy  in 
bottom,  with  mesqnite  brush  on  highlands.  Grass — mesquite,  plenty.  Soil — gravelly  and  alka- 
line, except  in  bottom,  where  il  is  a  black  loam.  River  fordable  in  most  places;  bridged  at  post, 
climate  mild,  seasons  dry.  Average  temperature,  May  to  October  inclusive,  75  67;  November 
to  April  inclusive,  58°  18.  Average  rain-fall  for  corresponding  periods,  2.66  and  .98  inches. 
Health  of  post  average. 


FORT  CONCHO,  TEXAS. 

(Established  during  the  fall  of  1SC7.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  COLONEL  WILLIAM  R.  SHAFTER,   in  I    II  WM    COLONEL    TWENTY- 
FOURTH  INFANTRY,  MAY,  1870,  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  about  31°  30' :  longitude,  about.  100°  20'.     Tost  office  at  the  post.    The 
post  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  North  and  Alain  Concho,  and  between  the  two  rivers. 

Quarters. — There  are  two  buildings,  of  stone,  used  as  quarters  for  enlisted  men.  and  origin- 
ally intended  as  quarters  for  two  companies;  but  with  the  addition,  to  one  of  the  buildings,  of  a 
kitchen,  the  quarters  are  ample  for  four  companies  of  seventy-five  men  each.  Each  of  the  two 
buildings  consists  of  two  rooms  SUA  by  24  feet,  with  passage  12  by  24  feet  between  the  rooms- 
piazza  around  the  entire  building,  nine  feet  wide.  Officers' quarters  consist  of  live  buildings  of 
stone,  containing  sixteen  rooms. 
6 


42  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Store  bouses.— Two  stone  buildings,  cadi  loo  h\  ,111  feet,  one  used  for  quartermaster  stores, 
the  other  for  commissary  stores.    Temporary  grain-house,  of  plank.  15  l>y  45  feet. 

Hospital,  guakd-house,  &c. — Hospital  built  of  stone,  main  building,  30  by  40  feet,  two 
stories'high;  two  wings  each  27  by  t7feet;  kitchen,  12  by  15  feet.  Accommodation  for  thirty- 
one  patients.  The  guardhouse  is  built  of  two-inch  pecan  plank,  spiked  to  a  heavy  frame.  It 
contains  one  guard-room,  L8  by  18  feet :  one  prisoners'  room,  12  by  12  feet,  and  three  cells,  each  t 
by  (i  feet— piazza  in  front,  8  feet  wide.  Oorral,  of  stone  laid  in  mortar,  250  by  200  feet;  wall,  4J 
feet  high  bj  2  feet  thick.  Four  stables  will  soon  be  built  inside  the  corral,  each  160  by  25  feet. 
All  the  material  purchased,  and  the  most  of  it  hauled. 

Supply  DEPOTS,  &C. — The  nearest  supply  depot  is  San  Antonio,  Texas,  two  hundred  and 
twenty-five  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  wagon-road,  open  a(  all  seasons.  Sup- 
plies generally  transported  by  contractors'  wagons.  Subsistence — from  three  to  six  mouths'  sup- 
ply usually  kept  on  hand. 

Wateb  and  wood. — The  posl  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Concho  River,  haided  in  tanks 
about  one  fourth  of  a  mile.     Wood  is  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — 'the  country  is  infested  by  hands  of  Indians,  of  from  three  to  thirty,  who  are  con- 
stantly stealing  horses  and  occasionally  killing  men  and  carrying  off  women  and  children.  They 
are  supposed  to  come  from  the  head-waters  of  the  Brazos,  and  from  the  reservation  at  Fort  Sill. 

Mines. — None  in  this  vicinity  known. 

COMMUNICATIONS. — Communications  between  post  ami  nearest  town,  by  mail  coach. 

RESERVATION. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.     Surveyed  May  1,  1870;  contains  eleven  hundred  and  four  acres. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  COUNTRY. — No  arable  land  on  this  reservation  except  on  the  river 
bottoms,  where  by  irrigation,  which  is  practicable,  at  least  one  hundred  acres  could  be  cultivated. 
Timber — only  a  few  pecan  trees  along  the  (wo  rivers.  They  are  valuable  for  the  nuts,  ami  are  not 
allowed  to  be  cut.  (irass — abundant  and  of  good  quality.  Soil — on  the  bottoms,  a  dark  rich 
loam;  on  the  uplands,  gravelly  and  light-colored.  The  rivers  are  fordable  at  all  seasons.  On 
account  of  the  high  banks,  no  damage  arises  from  high  water.  Climate  mild;  seasons  dry. 
Average  temperature  for  spring — March,  April,  and  May,  1869— was  Ot:  94';  for  winter  of  L869 
and  1870,46  33'.  The  health  of  the  post  is  good;  but  four  men  in  hospital,  ami  none  of  them 
confined  to  their  beds.  There  are  a  few  settlers  at  the  post,  mostly  engaged  in  gathering  cattle 
to  drive  to  ( Jalifornia. 


POST  OF  CORSICAXA,  TEXAS.^ 

(Established   in    1870.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY  A.  R.  CHAFFEE,  CAPTAIN  SIXTH  CAVALRY,  MAY,  1870,  COMMANDING  OFFICER 

\  T  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  32°  5';  longitude,  96°  30'  from  Greenwich.  Post  office  in  Corsicana,  a 
village  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  inhabitants. 

Quarters. — For  one  company— the  court  house  of  Navarro  County  is  occupied  by  the  men. 
It  is  a  brick  building,  two  stories  high,  is  capable  of  accommodating  eighty  men.  and  is  out  of 
repair.    Officers'  quarters — rented. 

Store  houses. — One  building,  containing  one  room  54  b\  21  feci,  for  quartermaster  and  sub- 
sistence stores — rented. 

Hospital.  GUARD  house,  &C— <  me  building,  containing  two  rooms  lo  by  Id  and  li'A  1>\  \:>.\ 
feet,  built  of  clapboards,  and  in  good  repair — accommodation  for  six  patients— rented.  The  count \ 
jail  i-;  used  as  guard  house.  Stabling  consists  of  a  shed,  open  on  one  side,  with  capacity  for  fifty 
horses— rented.     No  buildings  at  the  post  are  public. 


'  Discontinued  some  time  in  May,  1870.    See  Department  S.  0   No,  15,  current  N.'iirs. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  43 

Supply  depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Austin,  Texas, 

one  hundred  and  sixty  miles  distant  :  but  supplies  are  received  fi Galveston  bj  rail  to  Calvert. 

and  from  thence  by  wagon  over  a  distance  of  eighty  miles.  Supplies  generally  transported  by 
contract.  Subsistence— two  months'  suppb  is  now  on  hand.  Corn,  oats,  and  hay— part  purchased 
in  open  market,  and  in  part  furnished  from  depot. 

Water  and  wood. — The  posl  is  supplied  with  water  from  Post  Oat  Creek,  about  a  quarter  of 
a  mile  distant,  hauled  in  barrels.     Wood  purchased  in  open  market. 

Indians. — None. 

.Mines. — None. 

Communications.— Between  post  and  nearest  towns,  by  mail  coaches  and  mounted  carriers. 

Reservation. — None. 

Description  of  the  country. — Prairie,  susceptible  of  high  cultivation,  well  interspersed 
with  timber  ami  water,  renders  the  land  valuable  for  agricultural  purposes.  Fair  crops  of  corn 
and  cotton  are  raised,  and  grass  for  grazing  is  luxuriously  abundant.  Large  numbers  of  cattle  are 
raised.  Soil  black  in  Hats ;  samh  on  elevation.  Climate  mild ;  seasons  varying.  Average  spring 
temperature,  70°  ;  average  winter  temperature.  55°.     The  health  of  the  post  is  excellent. 


FORT  DAVIS,  TEXAS. 
(Established  October  23,  LS54.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    BY    BREVET    MAJOR    GENERAL    EDWARD    HATCH,  COLONEL    NINTH    CAVALRY, 

MAY,  L870,  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  30°  36' 23"  ;  longitude,  from  Greenwich,  103  36' 45";  altitude.  1,700  feet 
above  the  sea.  The  posl  is  situated  about  half  a  mile  south  of  Limpia  Creek,  near  the  Limpia 
Mountains.  Presidio  Del  Norte,  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande  River,  ninety  live  miles  distant,  is  the 
nearest   town.      Post  office  at   the  post. 

Quarters.— For  two  hundred  men,  the  buildings  .of  adobes,  with  kitchens  and  mess-rooms 
attached— sbingle  roofs.  The  walls  of  quarters  lor  two  hundred  more  men  are  up,  but  have  no 
roofs.  None  of  the  men's  quarters  are  yet  completed.  Officers' quarters— nine  sets,viz:  for  one 
major,  three  captains,  and  live  lieutenants.  Pour  built  of  stone  and  five  of  adobes,  all  in  good 
repair. 

Store  house. — <  >ne  commissary  stoic  house,  50  by  34  feet,  shingle  roof,  and  in  good  condition. 

Bospital,  guard-house,  So.— Hospital  built  of  adobes — accom lation  for  fourteen  patients, 

Guard  house— built  of  stone,  has  one  room  for  the  guard,  one  prison-room,  and  three  cells— in  good 
condition.  Fronting  the  guard-house,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  parade-ground,  is  a  building  of 
the  same  size  as  the  guard  house,  built  of  adobes,  with  three  rooms,  used  as  adjutant's  office  and 
court-room.  One  corral  in  rear  of  the  company  quarters,  with  stables  (partly  completed)  for 
two  companies  of  cavalry  :  and  three  buildings  used  tor  the  storage  of  forage,  &c,  tor  the  compa- 
nies. One  corral  in  rear  of  the  company  quarters,  used  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department,  with 
two  buildings,  one  for  the  storage  of  forage,  and  one  used  as  blacksmith  and  wheelwright  shop 
This  corral  also  has  stables  lor  the  animals  belonging  to  the  Quartermaster's  Department.  With 
the  exception  of  four  sets  of  officers'  quarters  and  the  guard  house,  nil  the  buildings  at  the  post  are 
of  adobes. 

Supply  DEPOTS,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Sun  Antonio. 
Texas,  lour  hundred  and  sixty  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supplj  is  by  wagon  road,  open  at  all 
seasons.  Supplies  transported  by  contract.  Subsistence — six  months'  supply  generally  kept  on 
hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  Limpia  Creek,  hauled  in  a  tank 
about  half  a  mile.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — The  nearest  Indians  are  the  Mescaleros,  Apaches.  Comanches,  and  Lipans. 

.Mines. — None. 


44  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Communications. — Communication  between  the  post  and  San  Antonio  is  by  mail-coach  twice 
a  week;  and  between  the  post  and  Presidio  1M  Norte  by  mail,  carried  on  a  horse  or  mule. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  is  six  hundred  and  forty  acres  of  land  rented  by  the  Quarter- 
master's Department. 

Description  of  the  country.— There  are  about  ten  acres  of  arable  land  on  the  reservation. 
limber— a  small  bosque  of  cotton-wood,  much  scattered,  and  covering  about  lour  acres,  adjoining 
the  post.  Grass— grama  and  mesquite.  Soil — sandy  and  alkaline.  The  Limpia  is  a  subter- 
ranean stream,  appearing  in  different  places,  bui  furnishes  sufficient  water  to  supply  the  post. 
There  are  many  adobe  houses  and  small  hovels  adjoining  the  reservation  ;  population  -about  three 
hundred.  Climate  mild;  seasons  dry.  Average  summer  temperature,  72c  :  average  winter  tem- 
perature, 15°.  Average  maximum  summer  temperature,  87°  1':  average  minimum  summer  temper- 
ature, 62°  1'.  Average  minimum  winter  temperature,  20°  2';  average  maximum  winter  temper- 
ature, G2°  V.    The  health  of  the  post  is  good— better  than  the  average. 


FORT  DUNCAN,  TEXAS. 

(Established  in  1850.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY  Z.  R.  BLISS,  MAJOE  TWENTY-FIFTH  INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1870,  COMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  28   50';  longitude,  100°  30' west  fr Greenwich.    The  post  is  situated 

on  the  east  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte,  one-half  mile  from  that  stream.  Post  office  is  located 
at  the  post  trader's  stoic,  within  the  limits  of  the  post.  Eagle  Pass,  Maverick  County,  Texas,  a  town 
of  one  thousand  two  hundred  and  fifty  inhabitants,  is  located  on  the  northern  boundary  of  the  post, 
separated  by  a  deep  narrow  canon,  and  connected  with  the  post  by  a  light  foot  bridge.  Piedras 
Negras,  in  the  State  of  Coahuila,  Mexico,  containing  about  two  thousand  inhabitants,  is  located 
immediately  opposite  the  post.  Both  Eagle  Pass  and  Piedras  Negras  are  ports  of  entry.  A  com- 
mercial agent  of  the  United  States  represents  the  interests  of  this  Government  at  Piedras  Negras. 

Quarters. — Sufficient  for  one  hundred  men,  have  been  repaired  and  occupied — built  of  stone, 
and  in  good  condition.  Quarters  for  three  hundred  men,  destroyed  or  rendered  untenable  during 
the  late  rebellion,  while  the  post  was  abandoned  by  the  United  States  forces,  are  being  rapidly 
repaired.  Officers'  quarters — six  sets,  built'  of  stone,  are  repaired  and  occupied,  and  others  being 
repaired.     Two  officers  and  t  w  o  companies  of  infantry  are  at  present  occupj  ing  tents. 

Store-houses. — One  two  story  stone  building,  containing  two  store-rooms,  and  offices  occupied 
by  quartermaster  and  commissary  of  subsistence.  Quartermaster's  store-room  is  in  the  second  story, 
and  is  32  by  27  feet,  with  office  1!'  by  27  feet,  in  nort  ii  end.  Commissary  store-room,  51  by  27  feet,  on 
ground  floor.  In  good  condition.  Magazine — one  stone  building,  Hi  by  18  feet,  consisting  of  one 
room,  and  needing  some  small  repairs. 

EOSPITAL,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C. — Built  of  stone,  (K)  by  20  feet,  with  gallery  all  round,  contains 
one  ward,  I'll  b\  :;.">  feet,  with  capacity  for  twenty  patients,  with  dispensary,  office,  store  room,  and 
hospital  steward's  room.  Kitchen  to  hospital,  built  of  stone,  I'll  by  10  feet,  containing  two  rooms. 
Guard  house — built  of  stone,  50  by  is  feet,  comprising  two  cells,  each  I'd  by  L8  feet,  one  on  each 
side  of  guard-room.  In  excellent  condition.  Stables — two  wooden  buildings  for  Company  L  Ninth 
Cavalry — one  occupied  at  present  by  quartermaster's  animals. 

Si  ri'i.Y  depots,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  al  San  Antonio, 
Texas,  one  hundred  and  fifty-five  miles  distant.  The  route  ol'supph  is  by  wagon  road,  open  at  all 
seasons.  Supplies  are  transported  to  the  post  as  freight.  !>\  contract.  Subsistence — six  months' 
supply  is  generally  kept  on  hand. 

Water  usd  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  v^ith  water  from  the  Rio  Grande  River,  hauled  in 

tanks  about  one  mile,  and  from  one  cistern  in  the  post.      Wood  is  supplied  by  contract. 

INDIANS. —  Kickapoos,  in  Mexico,  <  lomanches  and  Lipans,  in  Texas,  and  a  small  band  of  Seminole 
Negro-Indians,  who  are  encamped  on  the  reservation  under  military  control. 


DESCRIPTIONS  <>F  MILITARY  POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  45 

Mines. — The  nearesl  are  the  silver  mines  at  Santa  Rosa  and  Mont  Clover,  Mexico. 

Communications. — None. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  contains  about  eighteen  square  miles,  isow  ued  by  John  Twohig, 
of  San  A.ntonio,  Texas,  and  is  leased  from  him  by  the  Government  at  81,5G0  per  year. 

Description  of  the  country. — No  arable  land  on  the  reservation,  except  the  river  bottoms. 
<  !an  be  cultivated,  but  at  considerable  expense.  A  post  garden  was  undertaken  this  \ ear,  but  was 
a  failure,  owing  to  the  insects,  and  also  the  lack  of  rain  and  facilities  for  irrigation.  Grass — mes- 
quite,  abundant  ami  of  good  quality.  Soil  generally  rich  ami  loamy.  A  ferry, owned  by  a  company 
of  citizens  of  Eagle  Pass.  ('Innate — mild  iu  winter,  ami  hot  in  summer.  Average  winter  tempera 
ture,  55°;  spring,  70°;  summer,  90    ;  and  autumn,  65    Fahrenheit. 


FORT   GRIFFIN,  TEXAS. 
(Established  July  31,  1st;;.    Named  Camp  >\  ilson,  ami  subsequently  chauged  to  Fort  Griffin.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY  .1.  W.  CLOUS,  CAPTAIN  TWENTY-FOURTH   INFANTRY,  MAY,  1870,  COMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — As  near  as  it  ean  he  ascertained  without  the  aid  of  instruments,  the  latitude  of  the 
post  is  32c  50';  the  longitude  from  Greenwich,  99D  30'.  Post  office  at  the  post.  Tin' post  is  situ- 
ated on  the  west  bank  of,  and  one-third  of  a  mile  from,  the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Brazos  River.  Jacks- 
borough,  .lack  County,  Texas,  seventy  two  miles  distant,  is  the  nearest  town  or  settlement  of  any 
note. 

Quarters. — For  one  hundred  and  eight  men — thirty-six  temporary  huts,  s\  by  13  feet,  built  of 
lumber — in  bad  condition.     <  >fficers'  quarters — eleven  sets,  built  of  lumber,  and  in  fair  repair. 

Store-houses. — One  building,  100  by  85  feet,  containing  lour  rooms,  for  quartermaster  stores, 
clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage,  and  granary.  One  building  125  by  5 it  feet,  with  three 
rooms,  for  commissary  stores. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c— Hospital — built  of  lumber;  accommodation  for  twelve  patients. 
Guard-house — built  of  lumber;  two  rooms,  in  bad  repair.  Adjutant's  office — built  of  lumber;  one 
room,  in  good  repair.  Mess  houses  and  kitchens — built  of  lumber,  four  houses,  in  had  repair,  and 
too  small.  Stables,  for  three  companies,  built  of  lumber,  shed  roofs;  afford  sufficient  protection 
during  summer,  but  are  too  open  for  comfort  during  the  winter.  One  quartermaster's  stable, 
same  condition. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Austin.  Texas, 
two  hundred  and  twenty-five  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  wagon-road,  open  at  all 
seasons.  Commissary  supplies  usually  forwarded  from  Galveston  by  rail  to  Calvert  ;  from  thence 
to  this  point  by  contract.  Quartermaster  stores  supplied  from  Austin  and  San  Antonio,  Texas. 
Subsistence — three  months'  supply  is  generally  kept  ou  hand. 

WATER  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  a  small  creek  emptying  into  the 
Clear  Fork,  near  the  post,  hauled  in  tanks  about  one  mile.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — The  Ton-ka-wa  Indians,  numbering  one  hundred  ami  forty-two,  are  encamped  near 
the  post,  and  subsisted  by  the  military — twenty  of  the  warriors  enrolled  as  scouts.  The  Qua-ka-des 
and  other  tribes  of  Comanche  Indians,  inhabiting  the  Pan-handle  of  Texas,  are  the  nearest  hostile 
Indians.  The  Comanches,  Kiowas,  and  other  affiliated  tribes  on  the  reservation  at  Fort  Sill,  In- 
dian Territory,  make  frequent  incursions  into  Texas,  in  this  vicinity,  stealing  horses  and  stock. 

MINES. — There  is  a  thin  out  crop  of  bituminous  coal  near  the  post,  and  said  to  be  quite  an  exten- 
sive one  near  the  Brazos  River,  forty-five  miles  distant. 

COMMUNICATIONS. — The  Fort  Smith  ami  El  Paso  mail  line  runs  mail  coaches  as  far  as  Jacks 
borough,  Texas ;  from  thence  through  here  to  Fort  Concho,  small  vehicles  not  calculated  for  passen- 
gers, connecting,  however,  at  Fort  Concho,  with  the  mail  coaches  to  San  Antonio,  Texas. 

Reservation. — No  reservation  has  been  surveyed  or  declared. 


4(5  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Description  of  the  country  . — No  arable  land,  except  on  tbe  river  bottoms.  Timber — post 
oak,  about  four  miles  east  of  post.  Grass — mesquite,  in  abundance.  Soil — sandy.  River  rises 
after  the  slightest  tall  of  rain,  ami  b<  comes  a  perfect  torrent,  frequently  stopping  communication 
with  the  east  for  days.    Climate  mild  ;  seasons  dry.    Average  spring  temperature,  62°;  average 

w  inter  temperature.  IT  30'. 


POST  OF  JACKSON  BARRACKS. 

(Established  in  1S34.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY  BREVET  BRIGADIER  GENERAL    EDWARD    VV.  HINKS,  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL 
TWENTY-FIFTH  INFANTRY,  MAY,   1870,  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  Till:  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  29°  5S';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  90°  5'.  Post  office  at  New  Orleans. 
Louisiana.  The  post  is  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Mississippi  river,  about  three  miles  below 
the  city. 

QUARTERS. — For  four  companies  of  seventy-live  men  eaeh  ;  built  of  granite  and  brick.  Officers' 
quarters — seven  buildings,  two  stories  high,  built  of  brick  and  granite,  with  spacious  verandas  in 

front,  and  containing  altogether  forty-eight  r is.     Ordnance  sergeanl  quarters — one  story  brick, 

25  by  I'll,  needs  repairs. 

Store-houses. — One  building  two  stories  high,  of  granite  and  brick,  containing  one  room  42 
bj  L5  feet,  for  quartermaster's  stores ;  one  room  12  by  31  feet,  for  commissary  stores,  and  one  room 
42  by  lti  feet,  for  officers.  All  of  the  foregoing  buildings  an-  in  excellent  repair,  having  been  tho- 
roughlj  overhauled  last  winter. 

Hospitals,  guard-house,  &a — Hospitals — three  wooden  buildings,  two  stories  high,  sur- 
rounded by  spacious  verandas,  with  acc< lodation  for  eighty   patients  each.      Guard-house — 

built  of  granite  and  brick,  with  one  room  for  guard,  and  three  cells  for  prisoners.  Three  rooms  on 
the  second  floor  are  used  for  laundress's  quarters ;  building  requires  some  repairs.  Magazines— two 
built  of  granite  and  brick — one  M  by  35  feet,  and  the  second  28  by  Hi  feet,  in  good  repair. 
Stables — one  wooden  shed,  will  accommodate  twenty  horses — one  small  brick  building,  used  for 
harness  and  saddle  room:  all  in  good  repair.  Engine-house — built  of  brick — in  good  repair.  One 
bakery — built  of  brick — needs  repairs.  <>ne  large  building  of  wood,  two  stories  high,  used  ;is  pest- 
house.  '  >ne  small  wooden  building,  used  as  dead  -house  ( >ue  t  wo  storj  building  of  wood,  used  as 
quarters  for  laundresses.  Three  sheds,  formerly  used  as  stables  for  battery  horses.  All  of  the  six 
last  described  wooden  buildings  are  very  much  out  of  repair. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — Depot  at  .New  Orleans,  distant  about  four  miles.  Supplies  generally 
transported  by  quartermasters'  wagons.  Subsistence — one  month's  supply  is  generally  kept  on 
hand. 

Water  and  wood. — Water  for  cooking,  drinking,  &c,  is  supplied  l>\  cisterns,  and  that  used 
for  sanitarj  purposes  is  pumped  bj  a  steam-engine  bom  the  .Mississippi  river  into  an  iron  tank. 
from  which  pipes  lead  to  all  the  buildings  used  as  quarters  ami  hospitals.  'Wood  supplied  by 
contract. 

Indians.— None. 

Communications. — Between  post  ami  New  Orleans  bj  street  railroad  cars. 

Reservation. — No  record  existsal  the  post  concerning  tbe  site ;  neither  can  any  survey  of  the 
premises  be  obtained.  The  reservation  front  s  upon  I  he  Levee  road  (about  lilt  \  \  aids  from  the  river) 
089  leet.  and  extends  to  the  northward  3,232  feel  to  the  .Mexican  Gulf  Railroad,  where  it  measures 
G80  feet  5  inches  in  width;  beyond  the  Mexican  Gulf  Railroad,  the  reservation,  6S0  feet  wide, 
extends  into  the  swamp,  but  to  what  distance  is  not  known  at  these  headquarters. 

Description  of  tin:  country. — There  are  aboul  thirty-six  acres  of  arable  laud  at  the  post, 
of  which  about  twenty  acres  are  now  under  cultivation  as  post  garden.  Beyond  the  Mexican  Gulf 
Railroad,  cultivation  is  impracticable,  on  account  of  tin-  swamp  ami  frequenl  overflow.  Grass — 
clover.  Soil — sandy.  Average  spring  temperature,  mi  <i:i':  summer,  S2  57';  autumn,  66°  77'. 
Average  winter  temperature,  5-J  59'  Fahrenheit.  The  health  of  the  post,  since  occupied  by  the 
present  garrison,  has  been  remarkably  g I;  much  better  than  the  average. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  47 

FORT  JACKSON,  LOUISIANA. 

(  Established — nol  known.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  LIEUTEN  INT  COLONEL  I-.  \V.  BLISS,  MAJOR  TWENTY-FIFTH  INFANTRY, 

MAY,  1870,  <  i  LMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  29°  21'  30"  6S ;  longitude,  S9°  26' 21"  16.  The  post  is  located  on  the  rigbl 
bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  twenty-two  miles  above  the  light-house  at  bead  of  passes,  five  miles 
below  Burns's  Settlemeul  and  Quarantine  Harbor,  and  sixty-five  miles  below  New  Orleans. 

QUARTERS. — For  two  full  companies,  in  good  condition,jbuilf  of  wood,  creeled  in  1868.  .Mess 
hall  joins  Center  of  building.  One  small  kitchen  in  rear  of  mess  hall.  Two  small  stoic  rooms  at- 
tached to  kitchen.     <  Hficers'  quarters — three  new  frame  buildings,  45  by  18  feel  each,  the  firs!  eon 

taining  three  r is.  the  second  two  rooms  with  hall,  and  the  third  three  looms  tor  offices,  but 

used  as  quarters — not  sufficient  for  officers  of  two  companies — no  kitchens — temporary  sheds  used 
as  such.  An  old  anil  dilapidated  one  story  frame  building,  containing  four  rooms,  now  used  tor 
officers' quarters,  formerly  used  as  hospital. 

Store-house. —  Frame  building,  containing  one  commissary  and  quartermaster's  storeroom. 
each  :!(>  by  24  feet. 

IbiispiTAL,  guard-hoi  si:,  &c. —  Hospital — one  new  frame  building,  L35  by  25  feet,  lathed  ami 
plastered — accommodation  lor  twenty  five  patients.  ( ruard- house — consists  of  three  rooms,  guard- 
room, prison-room,  and  dungeon,  very  poorlj  ventilated.  .Miscellaneous  buildings — one  large  two- 
story  brick  building,  containing  twelve  rooms,  belonging  to  Engineer  I  >epartment,  used  as  adjutant 
and  quartermaster's  offices,  and  officers' quarters.  Condition  bad — old  ami  nearly  unfit  for  occu- 
pation. A  one-story  frame  building,  old  and  in  bad  condition,  \\sf<\  as  laundress's  quarters  and  bj 
citizen  employes.  A  two  story  frame  building,  belonging  to  Engineer  Department,  in  bad  condi- 
tion. One  small  frame  building;  also  one  small  frame  building  containing  engine  for  draining. 
Carpenter's  shop — small  frame  building,  in  bad  condition.  Blacksmith's  shop — frame  building, 
built  of  refuse  lumber  in  186S — in  bad  condition. 

Si  i'iM.\  depots,  &c. —  Depot  at  New  Orleans,  supplies  transported  in  steamboats  via  Mississippi 
River,     .•subsistence — one  month's  supply  kept  on  hand. 

Water  ami  wood. — Water — generally  obtained  from  rain-water  cisterns,  but  in  very  dry  seasons 
the  river-water  is  used.     Wood  supplied  by  contract; 

Indians. — None. 

Communications. — By  steamboats — by  small  boats  with  Fort  Saint  Philip. 

Reservation. — Made  February  !».  1S42.  Sections  five,  six,  seen,  eight,and  nine,  of  township 
twenty,  range  thirty  east,  of  the  southeastern  district  of  Louisiana,  being,  the  lands  containing 
and  adjacent  to  Fort  Jackson. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  COUNTRY. — No  timber  on  reservation,  only  small  w  allows  and  other  trees 
that  flourish  in  swamps,  in  this  latitude.  Soil — alluvium.  No  record  at  the  post  to  show  the 
average  temperature.  Mcnairy  seldom,  if  ever,  reaches  L00c  Fahrenheit  in  the  shade,  and  ice  has 
formed  but  twice  in  the  past  three  winters.  The  health  of  the  post  is  remarkably  good,  consider- 
ing its  location,  being  on  the  immediate  bank  of  the  river  and  surrounded,  by  swamp,  tilled  with 
rank  tropical  vegetation.  In  IS67,  during  the  epidemic  of  yellow  fever,  there  were  cases  above 
and  below  the  post,  on  the  river,  but  not  a  caseoccurrcd  at  the  post.  Fevers  arising  from  malarial 
poisoning  are  rare,  owing  probably  to  the  proximity  of  salt  water. 


48  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

POST  OF  JEFFERSON,  TEXAS 

(Established — sec  Location.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  II.  L.  CHIPMAN,  CAPTAIN  ELEVENTH  INFANTRY,  SEPTEMBER,  1870,  COMMAND- 
ING OFFICES  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — The  present  camp  is  situated  on  the  southwest  side  of  the  city  of  Jefferson,  Texas, 
(which  is  i  he  post  office,)  immediately  <>n  the  left  side  of  I  be  Big  <  lypress  <  'reck.  The  original  date 
of  establishment  is  not  known  ;  records  on  file  only  from  December  b'>,  ISC8,  the  dale  of  the  arrival 
at  the  post  of  (lie  Twenty-ninth  United  States  Infantry,  under  command  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  Ceo. 
P.  Buell,  Twenty-ninth  Infantry. 

Quarters. — Tents,  floored  and  based  with  pine  lumber,  for  about  one  hundred  and  twenty 
men  and  ten  officers,  and  in  good  order. 

Store-houses. — One  brick  building  for  quartermaster  stores,  hired  at  $600  per  month.     Two 

brick  buildings  for  subsistence  stores,  hired  at  $ per  mouth.     These  store-houses  are  located  in 

the  city  of  Jefferson,  Texas,  about  one-quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  military  camp. 

HOSPITAL,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C. — Hospital  tents,  floored  and  based  with  pine  lumber,  accommo 
dation  for  about  twenty  patients.  Guard-house,  built  of  pine  lumber,  and  fenced  with  a  stockade — 
formerly  used  as  a  military  prison.  Buildings  in  quartermaster's  corral,  used  as  rooms  for  employes, 
ami  carpenter,  blacksmith,  and  saddler  shops,  built  of  pine  lumber. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — There  have  been  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  at  this  post  up 
to  the  .">lst  of  .May,  1870,  on  which  day  they  were  discontinued.  The  nearest  quartermaster  and 
subsistence  depots  are  now  in  New  Orleans,  Louisiana,  four  hundred  and  fifty-seven  miles  distant 
by  shortest  mail  route.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  water  np  the  Red  River  and  via  Cypress  Creek. 
open  most  all  seasons.  Distance  by  water,  eight  hundred  miles.  Supplies  generally  transported 
by  contract.     Subsistence — six  months'  supply  generally  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — No  information  given  in  relation  to. 

INDIANS. — The  nearest  friendly  Indians,  the  Choctaw  Nation,  are  about  one  hundred  and 
twenty  miles  north  of  this  post:  and  the  nearest  hostile  Indians,  the  Comanches,  about  two  bun- 
dled and  titty  miles. 

Mines. — None. 

Communications. — Mail  arrives  and  leaves  post  daily,  by  mail  coach.  Nearest  railroad  station 
is  at  Marshall,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  about  sixteen  miles  distant. 

Reservation. — Camp-ground  hired  at  $100  per  month. 

DESCRIPTION  of  THE  COUNTRY. — Timber — plenty,  of  nearly  every  description,  and  bordering 
on  the  city  of  Jefferson,  which  is  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Lie,  ( '\  press  ( 'reek,  having  a  popu- 
lation of  about  ei.u lit  thousand,  mostly  engaged  in  commercial  business,  lumber-mills,  and  raising 
cotton  and  corn.     Climate  mild,  and  general  state  of  health  <;ood. 


FORT  McINTOSH,  TEXAS. 
Established  in  1849.     Abandoned  April  II,  18G1,  and  re-occupied  October  23,  1865.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN     I'.V   BREVET    LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  THOS.  M.  ANDERSON,    MAJOR    TENTH    IN- 

IWTI.'Y,  MAY.   1870,  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  Till'.  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude, 27°  to';  longitude  from  Greenwich, 99° 50'.  The  post  is  situated  on  tin- 
east  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande  River,  three  fourths  of  a  mile  above  thecitj  of  Laredo,  Webb  County, 

Texas. 

QUARTERS. — There  arc  no  quarters  for  officers  or  men.  The  construction  of  quarters  for  one 
company  oi  cavalry  ami  one  companj  of  infantry  has,  however,  been  authorized.  The  command 
now  occupies  very  poor  quarters  in  the  town,  at  a  rent  of  s.'.Tl  per  month. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  .MILITARY    POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  49 

Store-hoi  ses. — None  reported  as  such. 

Hospital,  gu  led-hoi  se,  &c. — A  hospital  and  warehouse  ha\  e  been  erected  by  contract  ;ii  an 

use  of  $12,710.     A  baken  I  by  the  labor  of  the  post  :  and  stables  and  guard- 

house are  now  in  process  of  erection  by  the  same  means.  The  hospital  i^  built  of  stone,  ward-room 
for  twelve  beds.  The  warehouse  is  also  built  of  stone,  and  is  <io  by  25  feet.  It  is  much  too  small 
for  a  quartermaster  and  commissary  warehouse  tor  a  two-company  post,  where  six  months*  supply 
must  be  provided  for.  There  is  a  good  magazine  in  an  old  lield-work,  situated  about  one  mile 
farther  up  the  river.  This  lield-work  is  now  useless,  being  located  on  a  sandy  bottom  which  is 
being  rapidly  honey  combed  by  arroyos. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depot  is  now  at  Fort  Brown,  Texas, 
two  hundred  and  twenty  miles  distant.  Steam  transportation  to  Ringgold  Barracks.  The  rest  of 
the  way,  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles,  the  transportation  is  1>;  ■      The  route  is  open  the 

year  round.  Transportation  by  contract.  Subsistence — six  mouths'  supply  generally  kepi  on 
hand. 

Watee  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  by  water  from  the  Rio  Grande  River,  hauled  in  tanks. 
Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — The  nearest  Indians  are  located  on  the  wesl  side  of  the  Rio  Grande,  at  San 
Fernando.  The  most  mischievous  depredators  upon  the  neighboring  settlements  are  Mexican 
cattle-thieves. 

Mines. — The  nearest  silver  and  lead  mines  are  at  Vallecillo,  -Mexico,  eighty  miles  distant. 
Beds  of  lignite  coal,  forty  miles  above,  near  Palifox;  quality  poor;  useless  except  when  made 
into  coke. 

Communications. — Much  the  nearest  mode  of  communication  with  civilization  is  by  way  of 
Corpus  Christi,  distant  one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  miles. 

Reservation. — None. 

Description  of  the  country. — The  country  between  this  post  and  the  Nueces  River  is  an 
uncultivated  wilderness.  No  crops  can  be  raised  except  by  irrigation  ;  and  even  with  irrigation, 
crops  of  all  kinds  are  unremunerative,  on  account  of  the  sandy  nature  of  the  soil.  Post  gardens 
have  proven  failures  here  from  this  cause.  The  river  is  crossed  here  by  a  ferry.  The  fords,  from 
Eagle  Pass  down,  are  too  dangerous  for  use.  The  climate  is  dry  and  excessively  hot.  Average 
temperature  last  fall,  68°  oil' •  winter,  64°  25' :  spring— March  and  April.  75°  24'.  Fall  of  rain  in 
the  last  six  months,  -\  inches.  The  vicinity  is  healthy;  hut  the  long-continued  heat  produces  an 
amemic  condition  on  white  men,  whichin  one  or  two  seasons  destroys  their  energy.  The  population 
of  the  town  is  about  two  thousand  five  hundred,  almost  entirely  .Mexicans. 


FORT  McKAA^TT,  TEXAS. 

(Established  in  1852.     Abandoned   by   order  of  General   Twiggs,  in  LSGO  ;  reoccupied  by   United 

:es  troops,  April  1,  18CS.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  RANALD  S.    MACKENZIE,    COLONEL   TWENTY  FOURTH    INFANTRY,  0CT0B1  K, 

COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude.  30°  50'  north ;  longitude,  100°  20'  west  from  Greenwich.  The  post  is 
situated  on  the  south  bank  of  the  San  Saba  stream,  about  two  miles  from  its  source,  and  about  one 
hundred  and  eighty  miles  northwest  from  San  Antonio.  Texas.  Elevation,  2,000 feet.  Meuardville, 
twenty-two  miles  distant,  east,  is  the  nearest  villa 

QUARTERS. — For  three  hundred  men  (can  shelter  seven  hundred  by  using  mess-buildings!— one 
stone  building,  and  four  plank  buildings  for  non-commissioned  staff  and  mess  rooms.  Officers' 
quarters — eight  sets,  built  of  stone.     All  the  buildings  in  good  repair,  or  undergoing  repair. 

Store-]  For  quartermaster  stores — one  frame  building.  110  by  21  J,  by  11  feet.     Com- 

missary store-house— one  picket  building.  156  by  22  by  8  feet.      Forage-house— one  frame  building. 
60  by  20  by  11  feet,  with  capacity  for  6,000  bushels. 
7 


50  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — One  frame  building,  a  temporary  structure,  with  capacity  for 
twHvo  patients.  Guard-house — one  stone  building,  containing  two  rooms  and  two  cells.  One 
frame  building,  containing  quartermaster,  carpenter,  wheelwright,  blacksmith,  and  saddler  shop. 
Stabling  in  cavalry  corrals  for  one  hundred  aud  sixty-two  horses  :  and  in  quartermaster's  corral  for 
one  hundred  and  two  animals.  Two  stone  blacksmith-shops,  and  two  forage-rooms,  for  a  mouth's 
supply  of  coin  each  for  a  cavalry  company,  in  cavalry  corrals. 

Si  l'i'LY  depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Sun  Antonio, 
Texas,  one  hundred  ami  eighty  miles  distant.  The  route  is  by  wagon-road,  open  at  all  seasons. 
Supplies  principally  transported  by  contract.  Subsistence — tour  months'  supply  is  generally  kept 
on  hand. 

WATEE  AND  Wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  San  Saba  River,  hauled  about 
•">!!!(  yards  in  tanks.     Wood  is  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — The  <  'omanche  and  Kickapoo  Indians,  as  well  as  a  few  hands  of  Apaches,  infest  and 
depredate  in  this  country. 

Mixes. — The  country  is  of  limestone  formation  throughout,  with  no  trace'of  metals. 

Communications. — By  private  conveyance  to  Menardville,  and  from  thence  by  mail-coach  to 
the  east  or  west. 

RESERVATION. — The    reservation    on   which  this   post  is  built  is  private  land,   and  the  lease 
ices  2,373  acres. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  COUNTRY. — The  country  is  well  timbered  with  the  dwarf  varieties  of  oak  ; 
in  the  river  bottoms,  pecan  and  walnut  trees  -row  to  full  size,  and  are  abundant.  Good  gardens  can 
lie  maintained  along  the  river  bottom  by  irrigation.  The  San  Saba  Creek  (or  river)  takes  its  source 
on  the  west  side  of  the  post  from  several  springs,  forming  in  places  little  lakes,  the  largest  of  which 
is  about  1,320  by  300  feet.  The  grass  is  of  the  mesquite  and  sedge  species,  and  depends  upon  the 
length  of  the  annual  rains  to  produce  a  growth  sufficient  to  be  of  value  in  making  hay.  Climate, 
mild:  seasons,  dry.  Although  there  is  much  cloudy  weather,  there  is  very  seldom  any  fall  of  rain. 
Average  winter  temperature,  54°  00'  thermometer,  and  52°  65'  hydrometer.  No  meteorological 
record  had  been  kept  prior  to  December,  1869.  From  May  25,  L870,  to  October  6,  1870,  there  lias 
fallen  l!i.07  inches  of  rain.  The  health  of  the  post  is  good.  The  country  (except  upon  the  streams) 
is  of  but  little  value  for  cultivation,  and  is  devoted  entirely  to  raising  cattle,  which  roam  at  will. 
Numbers  of  them  are  driven  off  by  the  Indians,  and  by  white  thieves,  whose  organizations  extend 
from  .Mexico  through  the  Indian  Territory  to  .Missouri  and  Kansas.  Horses  or  blooded  stock  can 
noi  lie  raised  on  account  of  such  depredations. 


FORT  PIKE,  LOUISIANA. 

(Established  in  1840.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    BY    I'.    II.    REMINGTON,    CAPTAIN    NINETEENTH    INFANTRY,    SEPTEMBER,    1870, 

COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME.) 

Location.— Latitude,  30°  10' 50"  north;  longitude,  89°  13'  15"  west  from  Gr^nwich.  The 
posl  is  situated  on  tile  right  bank  of  the  Rigolets  leading  from  Lake  Pontchartrain  into  Lake 
Borgne  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  fort  is  built  of  brick,  a  regular  fort  with  three  bastions  for 
Bank  defense,  containing  now  six  24-pounder  iron  howitzers,  of  an  old  pattern.  It  is  pierced 
besides  for  thirteen  guns  in  casemate,  and  has  beds  for  twenty  four  guns  en  barbette.  The  case- 
mate and  barbette  guns — except  the 'howitzers — have  been  lately  dismounted  and  sold.  The  fort  is 
surrounded  by  a  moat,  35  to  40  feet  wide,  and  about  5  feel  deep  in  high  water,  with  a  very  soft 
bottom.     The  work  is  greatly  in  need  of  remodelling.     There  is  a  two-story  brick  building  inside, 

inallj  intended  for  soldiers'  quarters,  but  used  as  officers'  quarters — the  officers'  quarters 
bavin;;-  never  been  built.     The  capacity  of  said  building  is  one  company. 

Quarters. — A  poorly  built  one-story  wooden  structure,  outside,  and  greatly  in  need  of 
repair;  it  would  be  economy  to  build  new  quarters.     Officers'  quarters — (see  Location.) 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  51 

Store-houses. — Of  the  same  character,  and  very  insecure,  consisting  of  one  room  40  by  15 
feet. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — One  main  wooden  building  for  dispensary,  cook-house,  and 
(lining-room,  &c,  with  two  wings,  < for  the  surgeon's  quarters,  and  the  oilier  for  sick-ward,  capa- 
ble of  holding  aboul  twentj  patients,  in  case  of  necessity.  This  structure  has  been  buill  later,  and 
is  a  more  sen  iceable  building ;  it  is  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  from  the  fori .  and  is  quite  airy 
and  healthy.    Guard-house — two  rooms,  lo  by  15  feel  each  ;  of  same  character  as  store  house. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — The  nearesl  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  al  NVw  Orleans. 
Louisiana,  distant  about  thirty-five  miles,  and  of  easj  access  by  rail  and  boats.     Subsistence  sup- 

pMes  are  drawn  monthly,  and  are  of  g 1  quality.     Articles  for  sale  to  officers  are  generally  higher 

than  the  retail  price  in  the  city. 

Water  and  wood. — The  supply  of  water  is  bj  means  of  tanks  for  catching  rain-water.  They 
seldom  fail  ;  and  in  case  of  such  failure,  there  is  a  condenser  for  the  purpose  of  converting  the 
brackish  water  of  the  Eigolets  into  fresh  water.     Wood — no  information  given  in  relation  to. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — None. 

COMMUNICATIONS. — Between  the  post  and  nearest  city  by  daily  steamers  and  rail.  Mails 
received  three  times  per  week,  for  which  a  messenger  is  sent  to  New  Orleans. 

Reservation. — Embraces  all  the  public  lands  lying  within  1,200  yards  of  the  fort. 

Description  of  the  country. — There  is  no  arable  land  on  the  reservation,  the  country 
about  for  many  miles  being  principally  swamp.  The  land  upon  which  the  fort  is  built  is.'' made 
laud."     The  climate  is  quitemild  the  year  round,  and  the  health  of  the  men  very  g I. 


FORT  QUITMAN,  TEXAS. 

(Established  in  1858,  abandoned  in  1861,  and  reoccupied  January  1.  1868.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  ROBERT  NEKI.V.  FIRST  LIEUTENANT  TWENTY  t'OURTE    INFANTRY,  .11  \F.  1870, 

COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  31°  40';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  106°.  Posi  office  within  the  limits 
of  the  post.  The  post  is  situated  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  about  500  yards  from  the 
river.  San  Elizario,  Texas,  sixty  miles  distant,  is  the  nearest  town  easl  of  the  Rio  Grande:  and 
San  Ygnacio,  Mexico,  thirty-five  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  on  the  west  bank  of  the  river. 

Quarters. — Two  adobe  buildings  26  by  7  4  feet,  built  originally  for  two  companies  of  infantry, 
are  at  present  in  an  uninhabitable  condition.  Officers'  quarters — four  sees,  very  small,  and  in  bad 
condition;  are  habitable  in  dry  weather  only. 

Store-house. — One  adobe  building,  (originally  a  sutler's  store.)  containing  five  rooms.  1  !  by 
.°>7,  16  by  31,  12  by  18,  14  by  18,  and  12  by  14  feet ;  is  now  used  as  quartermaster  and  subsistence 
store  houses,  and  saddler's  shop,  and  is  in  a  dilapidated  and  very  insecure  condition,  and  is  inade- 
quate to  the  wants  of  the  post. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital — built  of  adobes,  27  by  7:!  feet,  in  an  uninhabitable 
condition,  and  is  now  unoccupied,  the  patients  being  quartered  in  hospital  tents.  Guardhouse — 
one  building,  containing  two  rooms,  15  by  25  and  15  by  15  feel  :  is  a  mere  shell,  furnishing  no  pro- 
tection whatever  for  guard  or  prisoners.  Bakery — one  adobe  building,  18  by  26  feet:  lias  been 
abandoned  as  useless.  Blacksmith-shop — one  adobe  building,  L8  by  _'i>  feet,  has  fallen  down,  and 
is  entirely  useless.  Offices — two  adobe  buildings,  containing  two  rooms  each.  14  by  1<>  feet,  in  fair 
condition;  have  been  built  by  the  present  garrison.  "With  the  exception  of  the  last-named,  all  the 
buildings  at  the  post  are  mere  shells,  are  liable  to  fall  down  at  any  time,  and  furnish  no  protection 
whatever  in  wet  weather,  to  officers  or  men. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — The  nearest  supply  depot  is  at  Fort  Union,  New  Mexico,  four  hundred 
and  eighty-six  miles  distant.  Route  of  supply  is  by  wagon-road,  open  at  all  seasons  of  the  year. 
The  post  is  at  present  supplied  from  the  depot  at  San  Antonio,  Texas,  five  hundred  and  ninety-five 


52  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

miles  distant.  Route  of  supply  is  by  wagon-road,  very  difficuH  in  the  rainy  season,  owing  to  the 
numerous  streams  to  be  crossed;  supply-trains  are  sometimes  seriously  delayed  by  high  water  and 
the  boggy  condition  of  the  road.     Subsistence— three  months'  supply  kepi  constantly  on  Land. 

Watee  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Bio  ('.ramie  River,  hauled  in 
banks  about  one-quarter  of  a  mile.    Wood— mesquite  roots,  and  cotton- wood— is  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians.— The  nearest  Indians  are  Pueblos,  civilized;  and  Mescal  era  Apaches,  hostile. 

Mines.— The  nearest  silver  mines  in  operation  are  in  the  Organ  Mountains,  New  Mexico. 

Communications.— Between  the  nearest  town  and  the  post,  is  by  mail  coach. 

RESERVATION. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  been  declared  in  General 
Orders  No.  5,  dated  Headquarters  Post  of  Tort  Quitman,  Texas.  April  26,  1870.  Was  surveyed  in 
December.  185S,  including  surveys  Nos.  126,  127,  128,  and  129,  and  contains  one  thousand  two  hun- 
dred and  eighty  acres,  held  as  reserved. 

1  (ESCRIPTION  of  THE  COUNTRY. — There  are  about  fifty  acres  of  arable  land  on  the  reservation: 
but  it  has  never  been  cultivated,  owing  to  the  great  difficulty  of  irrigation.  Timber— a  bosque  of 
cotton-wood  fringes  the  bank  of  the  river  for  miles,  and  covers,  in  all,  twenty-five  to  thirty  acres  of 
the  reservation.  Grass — grama,  an  abundant  supply  on  the  hills,  within  easy  reach  of  the  post. 
Tavoso  grass  on  the  bottom-lauds.  Soil— sandy;  slightly  alkaline.  River  rises  usually  about  the 
1st  of  May,  overflows  its  banks  in  June  and  July,  and  remains  high  until  the  1st  of  September;  it 
is  fordable  during  low  water,  and  can  then  be  crossed  without  difficulty.  There  is  no  Government 
tern  at  this  post.  Climate— mild.  The  rainy  season  sets  in  usually  about  the  1st  of  June,  and  con 
tinues  at  intervals  until  the  1st  of  August.  Average  spring  temperature,  70°;  average  winter  tem- 
perature, 1- "'.  There  is  no  settlement  on  or  near  the  reservation  other 'than  of  people  in  some  way 
ci ected  with  the  post. 


FORT    IJTCirARDSON,  TEXAS. 

(Permanently  established  February,  1868.) 

[NFORMATION    GIVEN  BY  BREVET    BRIGADIER    GENERAL   JAMES   OAKES,  COLONEL   SIXTH  CAVA  1. 1  H 

MAY,  L870,  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  about  33°  18';  longitude,  from  Greenwich,  about  98°  3'.  Post  office  at 
Jacksboro,  the  county  seat  of  ■'■  u  :>  ion  County,  Texas,  one  half  mile  from  the  post.  The  post  is 
situated  on  the  south  and  right  bank  of  Lost  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  West  Pork  of  Trinity 
River.  The  nearest  town  of  any  importance  is  Weatherford,  some  forty-eight  miles  south  and  on 
the  road  to  Waco  and  Austin.  The  nearest  post  is  Port  Griffin,  distant  seventy  dive  miles,  situated 
on  the  Clear  Pork  of  the  Brazos,  in  a  direction  south  of  west  from  this  pi. 

Quarters. — Temporary  quarters  for  four  companies,  three  hundred  and  fifty  men — four  build- 
ings, one  capable  of  holding  one  hundred  men,  and  three  buildings,  eighty-five  men  each,  in  good 
condition.  These  quarters  are  built  of  'pickets,  covered  with  shingles,  and  floored  with  rough  oak 
and  cotton-wood  boards;  built  i>y  the  soldiers. 

Store-houses.— One  building,  containing  one  room  25  bj  60  feet,  tor  quartermaster's  stoics: 
two  rooms,  25  by  60  and  20  b\  25  feet,  for  commissary  stores  and  office  for  acting  commissary  sub 
sistence;  also,  a  temporary   picket    building,  used   as  a   granary,  with  a  capacity  of  about  3,500 

bushels. 

Hospital,  guard  souse,  &c. — Hospital  built  of  stom — accommodation  for  twenty-four  pa- 
tients. Guard-house  consists  of  four  cells,  built  of  stone;  ami  two  rooms,  one  for  guard  and 
another  for  prisoners,  built  of  pickets  and  covered  with  shingles.  A  good  temporary  corral,  with 
roofing  for  one  hundred  mules;  two  stables,  capable  of  holding  eighty-five  horses  each;  a  good 
stone  magazine,  and  a  blacksmith's  shop  for  two  fires,  made  of  pickets. 

Suppli  depots,  &c. — Susistence  supplies  now  principally  furnished  from  Jefferson,  Texas, 
distant  about  three  hundred  and  twenty  miles:  Austin,  Texas,  distant  two  hundred  and  forty 
miles,  and    from   terminus  of  the  Texas   Central  Railroad,  distant   about    one   hundred    and  sixty 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  53 

miles.  The  former  east  and  the  latter  south  of  this  post.  Quartermaster's  supplies  furnished  from 
An8t.ii],  and  from  San  Antonio,  eighty  miles  beyond  Austin.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  wagon- 
road,  open  at  all  seasons,  but  in  wet  seasons  very  had.  Supplies  transported  by  contract.  Sub- 
sistence—six months' supply  is  generally  kepi  On  hand. 

Watee  and  wood. — Water  lor  the  post  is  obtained  from  Lost  Creek,  hauled  in  a  water 
wa°on  about  600  yards.  Owing  to  the  dry  season  Lost  Creek  has  not  been  running  for  two  months 
past,  and  water  for  the  post  is  taken  from  a  large  water  hole.     Wood  is  furnished  by  contract. 

[ndians. Tin?  nearest  Indians  are  on  the  reservation  in  Indian  Territory,  and  consist  princi- 
pally of  the  Kiowas,  and  different  Comanche  tribes. 

Mines:. No  well-known  or  established  mines  within  a  reasonable  distance  of  the  post.    Coal 

is  found  from  twenty-five  to  forty  miles  distant  ;  that  near  old  Port  Belknap  has  been  used  in  post 
blaoksmith-shops.     Copper  is  found  from  fifty  to  one  hundred  miles  from  this  post. 

COM  MUNICATIONS. — East,  west,  and  south,  by  mail  coaches  ;  east  and  west,  semi-weekly  :  south, 
weekly. 

RESERVATION. — The  reservation  has  not  been  fixed  ami  approved  by  higher  than  post 
authority. 

Description  op  the  country. — Only  about  five  acres  of  arable  land  on  the  reservation, 
and  this  is  being  used  for  a  post  garden;  buf  as  it  cannot  b  d,  and  the  season  thus  far  has 

been  unusually  dry,  the  garden  will  not  compensate  for  I  Is  and   lali  mded.     Ordinary 

prairie-grass  on  the  reservation  and  surrounding  country,  the  quantity  and  quality  of  which  de- 
pend upon  the  season.  When  dry,  as  at  present,  the  grass  is  short,  and  grazing  not  good.  With 
the  exception  of  a  few  trees  along  the  bank  of  Lost  Creek,  there  is  no  timber  on  the  reservation. 
The  surrounding  country  is  partially  covered  with  post-oak.  Soil — on  reservation,  calcareous 
and  scanty:  difficult  to  cultivate  in  consequence  of  the  abundance  of  limestone  rock  near  the  sur- 
face. Climate — changeable  in  winter,  with  frequent  northers;  in  summer,  warm.  High  andstrong 
winds  prevail  the  greater  part  of  the  year;  during  spring,  summer,  and  early  fall,  from  the  south  ; 
during  winter,  from  the  north.  Average  spring  temperature,  61  ;  average  winter  temperature,  i 
Health  of  the  post  good — average. 


POST  OF  RINGGOLD  BARRACKS,  TEXAS. 
(Established  in  1S50;  abandoned  in  1858 ;  reestablished  in  1859;  in  hands:  of  rebels  from  1861  to  1865.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN   BY  A.    McD.    McCOOK,  LIEUTENANT    COLONEL    TENTH    rNFANTRY,  SEPTEMBER, 

1870,  COMMANJ  FICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  26°  25' ;  longitude,  98°  48'.  Cost  office.  Rio  Grande  City.  The  post  is 
situated  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Rio  Grande,  and  near  the  mouth  of  the  San  Juan  River, 
.Mexico.  Nearest  towns  are  Rio  Grande  City,  Texas,  one-half  mile,  and  Camargo,  Mexico,  five 
miles  distant. 

Quarters. — Brick  quarters  are  being  constructed  for  two  hundred  men,  (two  buildings,)  and 
for  nine  officers,  (five  buildings.)  One  of  the  former  is  now  occupied,  and  one  of  the  hitter  com- 
pleted— the  brick  work  of  the  remainder  also  completed.  The  old  quarters  consist  of  one  building, 
now  occupied  by  two  companies,  and  five  buildings  for  officers'  quarters.  All  built  of  wood — old 
and  dilapidated.     One  company  is  quartered  in  tents. 

Store-houses. — One  wooden  building,  one  room, 30  by 45  feet,  used  for  commissary  stores,  in 
fair  order.  One  adobe  building,  (private  property,)  three  rooms,  used  as  offices  for  post  quarter 
master  and  for  commissary  stores — in  poor  order.  Two  store-houses  for  quartermaster's  stores,  hired 
in  Rio  Grand  City. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Built  of  wood;  accommodation  for  twenty-five  patients;  is  old- 
and  nearly  worthless.  Brick-work  of  new  hospital,  with  accommodation  for  thirty-six  patients, 
completed.     Guard-house — built  of  brick,  new-;  has  two  rooms  and  three  cells. 

Supply  depots,  &C — Cost  supplied  from  Brownsville, distant  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles 


54  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

by  land,  and  three  hundred  miles  by  river.  Route  of  supply  by  river.  Supplies  transported  by 
contract.    Subsistence — lour  months'  supply  generally  kepi  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — Water  is  obtained  from  the  Rio  Grande  River.  Wood  supplied  by 
contract. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — Silver  mines  near  Ceralvo,  Mexico,  about  sixty  miles  distant. 

Communications. — By  steamerwitta  Brownsville,  once  or  twice  per  mouth  ;  weekly  horse-mail 
from  Brownsville,  Corpus  Christi,  and  Laredo. 

RESERVATION. — One  thousand  yards  square  occupied;  not  surveyed,  and  no  written  contract 
for  occupation. 

Description  of  the  country. — No  arable  land  on  the  reservation  or  in  the  vicinity,  except 
in  spots  on  the  river  bottom.  The  remainder  lias  no  practical  value.  Mesquite  is  the  principal 
wood.  Corn  the  only  crop  raised,  and  of  this  hardly  enough  for  home  consumption.  Two  crops 
are  grown  per  year.  Grass  of  good  qualitj  can  be  obtained  from  August  until  January,  at  from 
six  to  twelve  miles  from  the  river.  Soil — sandy  and  alkaline.  < 'limate — warm,  and  seasons  dry  ; 
frequently  six  months  and  upwards  without  rain.  Temperature  from  .March  to  December  varies 
from  80°  to  110°;  during  the  winter  months  varies  from  30°  to  90°. 


POST   OF    SAN   ANTONIO,  TEXAS. 
(Established  in  1865.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN   BY  L.  P.  GRAHAM,  COLONEL   FOURTH   CAVALRY,  AUGUST,    1870)   COMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  29°  28' north;  longitude,  98°  24' west  from  Greenwich.  The  post  is 
situated  in  the  city  of  San  Antonio,  Texas,  which  is  the  post  office. 

quarters. — For  two  hundred  and  fifty  men — three  rented  stone  buildings.  Officers'  quar- 
ters— rented  houses  and  rooms  in  the  city. 

Store-houses. — One  room,  48  by  22  feet,  for  quartermaster's  stores,  used  also  as  carpenter 
and  saddler  shop.     No  post  commissary  store  house. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Rented  stone  dwelling — affords  accommodation  for  fortj 
patients.  Guard-house — one  stone  building,  having  three  compartments — not  well  adapted  for  the 
purpose. 

Supply  depots,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  arc  in  this  city. 
The  troops  are  supplied  from  the  depot  commissary.  Subsistence — three  months' supply  always 
kepi  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  troops  are  supplied  with  water  from  the  San  Antonio  River,  which 
runs  through  the  city;  also  from  cisterns.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Comanches  and  Eiowas. 

Mines.—  None. 

Communications. — With  all  other  places,  bj  stage. 

I ;  eservation.— None. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  COUNTRY. — The  health  of  the  post  is  very  good. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OP  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  55 

POST  OF  SAN  AXTOXK)  ARSENAL,  TEXAS. 
(Established  in  1860.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    BY   T.   C.    BRADFORD,  CAPTAIN   ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT,   AUGUST,  L870,  COM- . 

MANDING  OFFICEB  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. Latitude,  29    28';  longitude,  98c  10'.    The  aresnal  is  situated  on  the  west  bank 

i>f  the  San  Antonio  River,  and  within  the  limits  of  the  city  of  San  Autonio,  which  is  the   posl 
office. 

Quarters. — No  troops  at  the  post.    Three  men  arc  hired  as  watchmen  for  the  protection  of 
the  public  property.     Officers'  quarters— one  set,  built  of  soli    rock,  and   in  good  repair.     Wash 
house— ( two-story  stone  building  21  by  15  feet,  in  good  repair. 

Store-hottses.— Magazine — one  stone  building,  100  by  21  feet— height  of  ceiling,  16|  feet. 
This  structure  is  built  of  hewn  stone,  with  walls  4.1  leer  thick,  and  with  plain  arched  stone  roof, 
covered  with  another  root'  sheathed  with  tin,  and  painted  with  brown  metallic  paint.  It  is  in  good 
repair,  and  is  used  as  a  store-house  for  arms  and  ammunition.  One  frame  shed,  80  by  20  feet,  in 
good  repair,  used  as  store-house  for  serviceable  ordnance  stores.  Four  frame  buildings,  respect- 
ively 73  by  24,  12  by  18,  30  by  20,  and  20  by  18  feet,  in  a  leaky  condition,  three  of  which  arc  used 
as  storehouses  for  unserviceable  stores,  and  one  as  a  carpeuter-shop.  One  building,  57  bj  22  feet, 
in  a  leaky  condition,  used  as  an  armorer's  shop,  is  built  partly  of  hard  rock,  and  partly  ol  sofl 
lock.  One  small  house,  15  by  15  feet,  in  very  bad  repair,  is  built  of  rubble-rock,  and  is  used  as  a 
paint-shop.     One  stable,  52  bj  27  feet,  built  of  adobes,  is  old  and  rickety,  and  in  bad  repair. 

Hospital,  guardhouse,  &c — None. 

Supply  depots,  &C. — The  uearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  San  Antonio, 
Texas. 

Water  and  wood. — The  arsenal  is  well  supplied  with  water  by  a  cistern  and  wells.  An  irri- 
gating ditch  is  running  through  the  grounds,  and  the  east  side  of  the  grounds  is  bounded  by  the 
San  Antonio  River.     Wood  is  purchased  in  open  market. 

Indians. — None. 
.Mines. — None. 
Communications. — None. 

Reservation. — The  ground  on  which  the  arsenal  is  situated  was  purchased  in  L859,  and  con 
tains  sixteen  acres. 

Description  of  the  country. — None. 


POST  OF  SIIREYEPOHT,  LOUISIANA. 

•    (Established  in  1869.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN    BY   WILLIAM    J.   LYSTER,  CAPTAIN    NINETEENTH    INFANTRY,  SEPTEMBER,  1870, 

COMMANDING  OFFICES  AT  THE  TIME. 

• 

Location. — Latitude,  32°  31';  longitude,  93°  52' west  from  Greenwich.  The  post  is  situated 
on  the  south  bank  of  the  Red  River,  and  touches  the  western  boundary  of  the  city  of  Shreveport, 
Louisiana.  The  buildings  consist  of  two  large  brick  structures,  erected  by  the  rebel  ordnance 
department  for  repair  shops,  very  dilapidated,  and  falling  into  ruins.  One  small  dwelling  house  and 
twelve  one-story  temporary  wooden  buildings,  averaging  two  12  by  12  feet  rooms,  each  put  up  for 
their  workmen.  These  buildings  arc  on  a  red  clay  hill,  which  is  inclosed  on  one  side  by  a  sluggish 
bayou,  and  on  the  other  side  by  a  deep  ravine,  making  it  almost  an  island  in  wet  weather.  It  is 
probably  the  most  unhealthy  spot  in  western  Louisiana.  The  acting  assistant  quartermaster  and 
commissary  uses  one  of  the  brick  buildings  as  a  store-house,  that   officer  and   six  men  remaining 


56  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

there  to  receive  and  take  care  of  stores.  The  camp  occupied  by  the  garrison  is  situated  twentj 
miles  west  of  Shreveport,  and  near  the  point  where'  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  the 
Texas  Hi  mile  from   Poweltou,  Texas,  posl   office  and  station,     'flic  camp  is  pitched  in  a 

grove  of  oaks,  slightly  elevated  above  the  surrounding  country.     Soil  sandy,  and  very  dry. 

Quarters. — Wall-tents  having  Boors  raised  from  the  ground,  and  arc  furnished  with  bunks. 
On  an  average,  three  men  occupj  one  teul :  they  are  protected  from  the  sun  by  a  light  bower  running 
three  feet  above  the  ridge  pole. 

Storehouses. — The  supplies  are  kept  in  a  brick  building  in  Shreveport,  referred  to  above ; 
those  for  immediate  use,  and  the  company  property,  arc  in  a  puncheon  building,  HI  by  in  feet. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &<k — Fl ed  hospital  tents;  accommodation    for  twelve  patients. 

Guard-house. — one  wall-tent  for  guard,  and  two  A  tents  for  prisoners  and  tools,  with  a  tarpaulin 
pitched  in  front  as  a  porch  for  the  sentinel. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — Subsistence  is  supplied  from  New  Orleans,  Louisiana;  quartermaster 
stores  from  i,  Texas,  by" steamers  on   the   Red  River,  which   is  uavigable  at  all  seasons. 

Subsistence,  three  months'  supply  generally  kept  on  hand. 

WATER  AND  wood. — The  camp  lias  a  bountiful  supply  of  good  water  from  wells,  'flic  detail 
in  Shreveport  purchase  water  by  the  ban-el  at  a  spring  one  and  a  half  miles  distant.  Wood  is 
purchased  in  open  market. 

INDIANS. — No  Indians  in  this  vicinity.     The  nearest  are  Choctaws. 

Mines. — None. 

Communications. — By  mail  and  telegraph  via  New  Orleans,  Louisiana. 

Reservation. — None. 

Description  op  the  country.— The  surrounding  country  is  rich  cotton  laud;  wood  and 
water  abundant.  The  extensive  swamps  and  shallow  lakes,  (commeucing  fifteen  miles  to  the  north 
of  this,)  caused  by  th;  iff  in  Red  River,  produce  a  great  deal  of  malarious  disease;  the  sire 

U>v  the  camp  was  selected  with  a  view  to  avoid  that  influence,  it  being  further  from  swamp  than 
any  other  available  pi. 


FORT  STOCKTON,  TEXAS. 
i  Established — see  Locution.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    BY    .!.    F.    WADE.    -MAJOR    NINTH    CAVALRY,    SEPTEMBER,    L870,    COMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  30°  50'  north  ;  longitude,  102°  35'  west.  Fort  Stockton  was  reoccupied 
July  7,  18G7,  it  having  been  a  one-company  infantry  post  before  the  war. 

QUARTERS. — For  three  companies.  Officers'  quarters — live  sets,  containing  a  total  of  thirteen 
rooms. 

Store  souses. — One  building,  30  by  13  feet,  used  for  quartermaster  and  commissary  stoics. 
One  building,  30  hy  40  feet,  used  for  granary.  One  building,  40  by  SO  feet,  used  for  workshop. 
One  stable.  30  by  25  feet,  used  tor  cavalry  horses. 

Hospital,  gki  ard-house,  &c. — One  building,  24  by  1H»  feet,  containing  two  wards,  office, 
store-room,  dispensary,  and  dining-room — kitchen  separate.  Guardhouse — one  guard-room,  one 
prison  room,  ami  three  cells.  Magazine — one  building,  12  by  12  feet.  The  guard-house  and 
magazine  arc  built  of  stone:  all  other  buildings  at  the  post  are  of  adobes,  with  stone  foundations. 
The  officers'  quarters,  hospital,  and  store-house  have  board  floors  and  shingled  roots.  The  men's 
quai  k  -shops,  and  granary  have  dirt  floors  and  thatched  (tule)  roofs.     The  stable,  magazine, 

and  guard-house  have  shingled  roofs,  'flare  is  also  an  adjutant's  and  quartermaster's  office,  and 
quarters  for  employes,  laundresses,  &c,  built  of  adobes  with  dirt  roots.     Quartermaster's  corral — 

built   Of  adobe-. 

St  I'l'i.v    DEPOTS,  &C. — The  nearesi    quartermaster  and  commissary  supply  depots  are  at  San 
yitouio,  Texas,  four  hundred  miles  distant.    The  route  of  supply  is  by  wagon-road,  open  at  all 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  57 

seasons.  Supplies  transported  by  contract.  Subsistence — about  four  months'  supply  generally 
kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — Tlie  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  Comanche  Creek.  Wood  supplied 
by  contract. 

Indians. — The  nearest  Indians,  except  roving' bands,  are  in  the  Guadaloupe  Mountains  and 
on  the  Lower  Pecos  River. 

Mines. — None. 

COMMXTNICATIONS. — The  post  is  on  the  San  Antonio  and  El  Paso  mail  line. 

RESEEVATION. — No  reservation  has  yet  been  rented.     The  land  belongs  to  private  parties. 

Description  of  the  C0UNTEY. — No  available  land,  except  such  as  can  lie  irrigated.  There 
is  a  tine  post  garden,  in  which  nearly  all  vegetables  grow  in  abundance.  No  timber  within  one 
hundred  miles  of  the  post.  Grass  good,  and  in  abundance.  Climate — mild  and  dry.  The  health 
of  the  command  is  excellent,  there  seldom  being  more  than  two  or  three,  men  on  sick-report. 
Horses  do  better  than  at  any  other  post  in  this  portion  of  the  State.  There  are  several  ranches 
on  Comanche  Creek  below  the  post,  and  on  Leon  Creek,  six  miles  west  of  the  post,  with  a  total 
population  of  about  five  hundred,  mostly  Mexicans. 


FGIiT  ST.  PHILIP,  LOUISIANA. 

(Established — not  known.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  L.  W.  BUSS.  MAJOR  TWENTY-FIFTH  INFAN- 
TRY, MAY,  1870,  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  29°  21'  52"  74 ;  longitude,  80°  26'  55"  90.  Located  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  opposite  Fort  Jackson. 

Quarters. — For  one  hundred  men,  one  new  wooden  building.  Officers'  quarters — two  new 
frame  buildings,  17  by  25  feet,  condition  good. 

Store-douse. — None  reported. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital — one  new  frame  building.  135  by  25  feet,  lathed  and 
plastered—  accommodation  for  twenty-five  patients.  Guardhouse — small  board  building,  near  bank 
of  river. 

Supply  depots,  &c. — Depot  at  New  Orleans  ;  supplies  transported  in  steamboats  via  Missis- 
sippi Liver.     Subsistence — one  month's  supply  kept  on  hand. 

WATEE  and  WOOD. — Water — generally  obtained  from  rain-water  cisterns,  but  in  very  dry 
seasons  the  river  water  is  used.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — None. 

Communication. — By  steamboats — by  small  boats  with  Fort  Jackson. 

PiESERVATiON. — Section  eleven  of  township  nineteen,  range,  seventeen  east  of  the  southeastern 
district,  of  Louisiana. 

Description  of  the  country. — No  timber  on  reservation,  only  small  willows,  and  other 
trees  that  flourish  in  swamps,  in  this  latitude.  Soil — alluvium.  No  record  at  the  post  to  show 
the  average  temperature.  Mercury  seldom,  if  ever,  reaches  100°  Fahrenheit  in  the  shade,  and  ice 
has  formed  but  twice  in  the  past  three  winters.  The  health  of  the  post  is  remarkably  good,  con 
sideling  its  location,  being  on  the  immediate  bank  of  the  river,  and  surrounded  by  swamp,  filled 
with  rank,  tropical  vegetation.  In  1867,  during  the  epidemic  of  yellow  fever,  there  were  cases 
above  and  below  the  post,  on  the  river,  but  not  a  case  occurred  at  the  post.  Fevers  arising  from 
malarial  poisoning  are  rare,  owing  probably  to  the  proximity  of  salt  water. 
8 


58  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  TOSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

POST   OF  WACO,   TEXAS.* 
(Established — date  unknown.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN    BY  LYNDE   CATLIN,  CAPTAIN   ELEVENTH    INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1870,  COMMAND- 
ING OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — No  information  given  in  relation  to. 

Quarters. — Troops  quartered  in  tents,  which  are  boxed  and  floored.  The  inch  are  as  com- 
fortably situated  as  could  be  expected. 

Storehouses. — Rented  in  the  city  by  authority  from  department  headquarters. 

Hospital,  guardhouse,  &o. — In  tents,  boxed  and  floored,  and  ample  accommodations  for 
the  sick  and  the  guard. 

Supply  depots,  &C. — Depot  established  at  the  post.  Subsistence — requisite  supply  on 
hand. 

Water  and  wood. — Spring  and  well  water  scarce.  Brazos  River  impracticable,  owing  to 
the  red  rise.    Wood  plenty. 

Indians. — None. 

Mines. — None. 

Communications. — By  mail-coach. 

Reservations. — Camping-ground  rented,  by  instructions  from  department  headquarters. 

Description  op  the  country. — A  rolling  country,  well  wooded. 

*  Discontinued  per  Par.  II,  Department  S.  0.  114,  September  1'.',  1S70. 


MILITARY  DIVISION  OF  THE  PACIFIC. 


MILITARY  DIVISION  OF  THE  PACIFIC. 


The  Military  Division  of  the  Pacific  was  established  in  August,  18(56,  by  General  Orders  No. 
59,  A.  (i.  O.,  1866,  under  the  command  of  Major  General  II.  W,  Halleck,  who  was  succeeded  by 
Major  General  George  II.  Thomas,  .lime  1,  1869,  by  authority  of  General  Orders  No.  10,  A.  ('..  <)., 
1869.  Upon  the  death  of  General  Thomas,  (March  28,  1870,)  Major  General  J.  M.  Schofield  was 
assigned  to  the  command  by  General  Orders  No.  41,  A.  G.  O.,  1870.  The  division,  as  fust 
constituted,  comprised  the  Department  of  California,  (States  of  California  and  Nevada,  and 
Territory  of  Arizona,)  and  Department  of  the  Columbia,  (State  of  Oregon,  and  Territories  of 
Washington  and  Idaho.)  The  Department  of  Alaska  was  created  in  March,  1868,  (General  Orders 
No.  15,  A.  G.  O.,  1868,)  and  annexed  to  the  Division  of  the  Pacific.  Alaska,  as  a  separate 
department,  was  discontinued  July  1,  1870,  (General  Orders  No.  41,  A.  G.  O.,  1870,)  and  was 
attached  to  the  Department  of  the  Columbia.  The  Department  of  Arizona,  to  embrace  the 
Territory  of  Arizona,  and  "so  much  of  California  as  lies  south  of  a  line  from  the  northwest 
corner  of  Arizona  to  Point  Conception,  California,  was  created  in  April,  1870,  by  General  Orders 
No.  41,  A.  G.  O.,  1870. 

The  Division   of  the  Pacific  at  present  includes  the  Departments  of  Arizona,  California,  and 

Columbia,  and  contains  within  its   limits  the  tribes  of  Indians  enumerated  in   the  following  table. 

compiled  from  various  sources  : 

O  R  E  G  O  N  . 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  A.  B.  MEACHAM,  SUPERINTENDENT,  NOVEMBER,  1870. 


Tribes. 

Reservation. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Disposition. 

\  gent. 

Post-office  add 

CSS. 

Grande  Eonde  . . 

...-do 

....do 

...do    

55 

74 
00 

fl 
36 
189 
51 
45 

llll 

li 
125 
49 
78 
36 

83 
50 
28 
91 
57 
118 
101 
97 
76 
218 
136 
77 
11 
500 
302 
334 
■Ml 
785 

Friendly  . . . 
. . .  .do 
...do 

A.  r.  Meacham,  snporintendenl  

Charles  Lafollett,  agent 

do  

Salem,  i  Iregon. 
Grand  RondeP.O.. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

]),.. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
^Toledo,  i  (regon 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Pendleton,  <  tregon. 
Do. 

Do. 

Molel  

Yamhill 

Oregon. 

.  do 

do 

do 

...do 

do 

do 

....do 

...do  

do 

do 

...do 

...do 

do 

do 

.. .  do    

do 

do  

...do  

do  . . 

do 

....do  

. .  do  . 

do     . 

....do 

do 

do 

....do 

do 

do 

....do  

do 

...     do 

Tillamook 

...do  

...do 

do 

do 

do 

.do 

...do  ... 

do 

do 

Siletz 

....do  

...do 
...do  

Benjamin  Simpson,  agent 

do 

Cbasta,  Seoton,  and  Umpqua 

do 

do 

do 

■Id 

do 

....do  

....do  

do 

...do  

do                  

Coquills  and  Port  Orfords.. 

....do 

do 

....do 

do 

....do 

do 

..  do 

....do  

do  

....do  

...do  

do 

do 

Umatilla 

do 

...do  

do 

do 

Lieut.  W.  11.  Boyle,  1".  S.  A.,  agent 

do 

do 

Walla-Walla 

....do 

do 

but  not  on  reservation. 

02 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 


OREGON— Continued. 


Tribes. 

Reservation. 

Pop.ua 

tion. 

Disposition. 

Agents. 

Post-office  add]  ess. 

Warm  Springs  .. 
do 

253 

239 

95 

0 

57 

29 

15 

580 

1117 
358 
035 

136 

52 

m 

113 

Friendly    . . 
...  do 
lo 

..  do 

...do 

...do 

do. 

do 

Do. 

...do  

do 

do 

...  do  

do 

Do. 

Do 

...do 

Do. 

Pitt  River 

.    do     

Do. 

do   

do 

Do. 

Klamath 

do  ... 

do 

..do 

...do 

do 

do  

.  do    

..do  

but  not  on  reservation. 

Alsea 

do 

...do 
. . .  do 

..do 

.     do 

.  do    

....do    

do  

do 

Total 

7,  040 

IDAHO    T  E  K K ITORI. 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  INDIAN  AFFAIRS  FOR  IDAHO,  OCTOBER,  1870. 


Tribes. 

Reservation. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Disposition. 

Agents. 

Post-office  address. 

41)0 
700 
300 
400 
3,200 
256 

68 
200 
520 

Friendly 

...do  

Capt.  D.M.  Sells,  U.  S.  A.,  agent 

Lapwai  Agencj ,  Idaho. 
1).. 

...do    

..do          

...do  



do 

Do 

.  do    . 

...do  

do 

Do 

do 

...  do 

do 

Do 

Boise  Shoshones  and  Bru- 
neau  Shoshones. 

Bannack  &  Shoshone 
do 

...do  

...do  

Lieut.  W.  II.  Danilsou,  U.  S.  A.,  special 

agent. 
do 

Koss  Fork,  Idaho. 
Do. 

.do 

...  do 

do 

Do 

do         .  .: 

...do  

do 

Do. 

Total 

6,044 

WASHINGTON    T  E  R  IS  I  T  O  It  Y. 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  MAJOR  SAMUEL  ROSS,  U.  S.  A.,  SUPERINTENDENT,  OCTOBER,  1870. 


Tribes. 

Reservation. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Disposition. 

Agents. 

Post-office  address. 

Nisqually,  Puyallup,   and 
othei  tribes. 

On  reservations 

.do          

828 

921 

539 

3,  38 1 
2,  323 

355 

4,  337 

350 
192 

220 

317 

1,  177 

Peaceable 

....do  

. . .  do 

...do  

...do  

do 

.1,. 

Maj.  Samuel  Ross,  U.  S.  A.,  superin- 
tendent 
Lieut.  J.  M.  Kelley,  I".  S.  A., agent 

Lieut.  J.  M.  Hays,TJ.S.  A., agent   

Lii  hi   J.  11   Hay,  U.S.  A.,agcnl 

Lieut,  il-  D.  Hill,  U.  S    \    ngi  nl 

Lieut.  J.  H. Smith,  U.S.  A.,  agent 

Olympiad  *\Y.  T. 

Neeah  Hay.  VV.T. 
Olynipia,  W.  T. 
Tulalip,  YV.  T. 
Simcoe   \V   T 

Qainaelts,  Quillehutes,  &c 
D'Wamisu  and  allied  tribes. 

...do 

...do   

.    .lo 

do 

< SoTville  and  other  Indians 

cast  of  Cast  ade  Mount's. 

Satsop I 

...do    

Well  disposed 

Hn-ki  u?n ( 

\\  hiskah J 

Yal.ainas 

Not  on  resii  \  ation 

do 

15.  404 

DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 


G3 


j\  E  V  A  I>  A. 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  MAJOR  II.  DOUGLAS,  I".  8.  A.,  SUPERINTENDENT  FOK  NEVADA,  OCTOBER,  1870. 


Bands. 


Pyramid  Lake  Band 

Humboldt  Bands 

Quiu's  River  Band 

T03  Band 

Mixed  Banda 

Oi  ki  Band 

Co-zab-y  Kami 

Pe-te-no-go-"wat  Band 

Captain  Sam's  Band 

Austin  ami  Lander  Hands 

Nye  County  Bands 

Indefinite  Bands 

Ki-witeh's  Hand 

Tag-wi-na's  Band 

To-boy'a  Band 

Captain  John's  Band 

Buck's  Band. . .  

Indefinite  Bands 

Egan  Jack's  Bands 

AVasli.xs   


Tl   illl'S. 


Total. 


Pali  ntes 
...do  

..do 

..do 

...do 

. . .  do 

..    do      ... 

.     do    .... 

..  do  .... 

...do  .... 

....do  .... 
...do  .... 
Shoshones 

...do  .... 

do 

....do    ... 

...do.... 

Gogh-utes 

...do  .... 


Popula- 
tion. 


475 

408 

295 

100 

300 

780 

3IIII 

I'll 

:.:.!  1 

425 

375 

1,482 

1,650 

1,075 

C(I0 

1,050 

950 

800 

'.I.'. 

.-,1111 


Disposition. 


Friendly  - . 

...do  

Peaceable 
Friendly  . 

....do  

....do  

....do 


12,  7i0 


A  gent  a, 


Post  otliee  address. 


...do  

...do 

...do  

Peaceable 

Friendly 

...do 

...do 

...do  

...do  

Wild  &  treacherous 
Friendly 

....do  


Mai".  H.  Douglas,  F.  S.  A.,  superintendent  . 
Lieut..!.  SI.  Lee.  U.  S.  A.,  special  agent 

do 

....do 

do 

do  

...  .do 


.do 


Capt.  R.  X.  Fenton,  U.  S.  A.,  special  agent. 

do 


.do. 
.do. 


L.  A.  I  rheen,  acting  agent 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do  

Lieut.  .J.  M.  Lee.  I",  s.  A.,  special  agent. 


(  larson  '   it.v  ,  Nevada. 

Do. 

Ho. 

Do. 
Do. 

Ho. 
Do. 

Do. 
Pioche  City.  Xe\  ada. 
Do. 
Do. 

Do. 
Treasure  I  'il\  .  Nevada. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Carson  <  'it  v.  Nevada. 


€  A  L,  I  F  O  R  X  I  A . 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY   AGENTS. 


Tribes, 


Reservation, 


Popula- 
tion. 


Serranos  Tule  River  Agency.. 

1']  ntes I do 

Notunatee do 


Yokans 

Wackchumnabs 

Knwias 

LaTacbea 

Tules 

Xejons 

Led  Woods 

1'itt  River 

Ukies 

Wylookies 

Cow  Cows 

Hoopas  and  others 

San  Luis  Key 

Diegan 

Coliuillas 

Various  bands,  (estimated) 

Total 


.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.  do  . 
.do. 
.do 


Round  Valley  Agency 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Hoopa  Valley  Agency 
SanPasqual  Rescrv'u 

do 

do 


115 

1,000 

JOCI 

40 

1;;. 

511 
150 
229 
500 

82 
123 
M-i 
154 
202 
s/011 

1 ,  299 
1,257 

•J,  5IKI 
12, i 1111 

23,  SOT 


Disposition, 


Hostile 

...do 

Friendly  . 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

...do 

. . .  do 

..  do 

...do 

...do 

..     do 

...do 

...do 

I  eaceable 

...do 

...do 


Agents. 


Post-Office  address. 


B.C.  Whiting,  superintendent... 
.John  \V.  Miller,  special  agent.... 

do 

do 


.do. 
.do. 

do. 

.do. 
.do. 


Lieut.  W.  II.  Andrews,  I'.S.  A.,  agent 

do 

do 

do  

do 

Cap!  S. G. Whipple, TT.S. A.  agent 
Hi  ut.  A.  P.Green,  I'.  S.  A.,  agent. 

do 

do 


San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Tnle  River  Ind.  Keservation.C'al. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

lie 

Do. 

Ho. 

Do. 
Round  Valley  Reservation,  <  !al. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Hoopa  Valley  Reservation, '  !al 
1'uway  P.  0.,  (via  San  Diego,)  Cal. 


(U 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 


iltlKOXl    TERRITORY. 

FEOM  REPORT  OF  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  R.  JONES  TO  INSPECTOR  GENERAL  U.  S.  ARMY,  JULY21,  l-i,'J. 


Tribes. 

Reservation. 

Population. 

Dispoi 

Agents. 

Post-office  addrt  ss. 

1,500 

750 

750 

1,800 

I  'ill-. iiown. 

2,  500 

000 

Unknown. 

4,000 

700 

Unknown. 

2,  000 

Unknown. 

GOO 

Unknown. 

1  000 

Peaceabb 

. ..  a0 

....do 

....do 

...  do 

do 

(i,. 

Peaceable 
do 

Hostile 

....do 

.   .  do 

Total 

ir,,  200 

ALASKA. 

FROM  REPORT  OF  MAJOR  GENERAL  HALLECK  TO  SECRETARY  OF  WAR,  1869. 


Tribes. 


Population. 


Disposition. 


Post  -office  address 


Koloshians: 

Hydas 

Hcnnegas 

Chatsinas 

Tongas  and  Foxes,  (branch  of  Tongas) 

Stikeens 

Kakcs 

K"iis 

Koutznous 

Awka 

Sundowns  and  Takos 

Cbilkahts 

Boodsua-hoos 

Hunnas  or  Hooneaks 

Sitkas 

Hyaksand  scattering  tribes 

Ki  Dains 

Aleutes 

Esquimaux 

Total 


COO 

500 

.Mill 

500 

1,000 

1,  200 

too 

800 
800 
500 

2,  000 
1,  000 
1,000 
1,  200 

Unknown. 

25,  000 

5,  i  00 

20,000 


Hostile  .. 
Peaceful . 
do.. 


Peaceful 

Hostile 

<  Itiii  rally  unfriendly 


Bad  reputation  . 
Friendly 


Friendly. 


Well  disposed 

<lo 

do 


62,  I"" 


Alaska 62,  100 

Arizona   10   !00 

California    23,801 


[dalio... 
Nevada 
Oregon. . 


EEUAPITULATIOX. 


6,044 
12,720 

',  urn 


Washington 
Total.. 


15,  194 

143,705 


DEPARTMENT   OF  ARIZONA. 


POSTS    DESCRIBED. 


Bowie,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory. 
( 'aily,  ( lamp,  ( lalifornia. 
Colorado,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory. 
Crittenden,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory. 
I  »ate  I  Ireck,  <  lamp,  Arizona  Territory. 
Drum  Barracks,  California. 
<  (rant,  <  lamp,  Arizona  Territory. 
Hualpai,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory. 
Lowell,,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory. 


McDowell,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory. 
Mojave,  Canrp,  Arizona  Territory. 
New  San  I  liego,  California 
Thomas,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory. 
Verde,  Camp,  Arizona  Territory. 
Whipple,  Fort,  Arizona  Territory. 
Yuma  Depot. 
Yuma,  Fort,  California. 


CAMP  BOWIE,  ARIZONA  TERRITORY. 
(Established  1S63.) 

INFl  (RMATION  GIVEN  BY  CAPTAIN  R.  I".  BERNARD,  FIRST  UNITED  STATES  CAVALRY,  AUGUST,  1870,  THE 

COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  32°  40'  50" ;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  109°  25'  30".  Post-office  at  the 
post.  Ralston  City,  New  Mexico,  fifty-five  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town.  The  nearest  settle- 
ment is  on  the  San  Pedro  River,  Arizona  Territory;  distance,  fifty-five  miles. 

Quarters. — Three,  for  three  hundred  men;  one  160  by  22  feet,  one  145  by  ;.50J  feet,  and  one 
lis  by  24  feet,  built  of  adobes,  new,  and  in  good  condition.  Officers' quarters,  three;  built  of 
adobes,  and  in  good  condition.  Roofs  of  the  company's  quarters  are  constructed  of  logs  covered 
with  earth.  The  officers'  quarters  have  an  additional  coat  of  lime  cement.  Each  of  the  officers' 
and  men's  quarters  has  a  spacious  dining  room  and  kitchen  as  outhouse. 

Store-houses. — Built  of  adobes,  and  in  good  condition.  Quartermaster's  and  commissary 
store-rooms  in  one  building,  the  Conner  56  by  20  feet,  the  latter  54  by  20  feet,  with  a  10  by  20  feet 
hall  for  office  intervening.  The  building  is  11  feet  high  to  the  roof;  capacity  for  supplies  for  three 
companies  for  six  months.    The  roof  is  made  of  logs,  covered  with  earth  and  a  coat  of  lime  cement. 

Hospital. — Built  of  adobes,  88  by  22  feet.  The  store-room,  10  by  22  feet,  is  north  of  a  54  by 
22  feet  ward-room,  (capacity,  twelve  beds,)  adjoining  the  dispensary,  office,  and  steward's  room,  12 
by  22  feet.  The  southern  extremity  is  used  as  mess-room  and  kitchen,  12  by  22  feet.  The  roof  is 
constructed  of  logs,  covered  with  earth  and  a  coat  of  lime  cement.  The  building  joins  the  quarter 
master's  store-room,  with  the  north  end  at  right  angles.     New,  and  in  good  condition. 

Guard-house,  &c. — Built  of  adobes,  32  by  20  feet ;  new,  and  in  good  condition.  Guard- 
room, 12  by  20  feet.  Prison  room,  20  by  20  Qpet.  Roof  is  built  of  logs  covered  with  earth.  Quar- 
termaster's corral  is  built  of  adobes,  new,  175  by  85  feet;  wall  S  feet  high,  having  on  the  west  and 
north  side  shelter  for  public  animals.  To  the  right  and  left  of  the  entrance,  on  the  south  side,  are 
carpenter's  and  blacksmith's  shops,  each  20  by  16  feet,  and  harness  and  grain  room,  each  10  by  10 
feet.     The  grain-room  has  a  capacity  for  00,000  pounds  of  grain.     Buildings  new  and  in  good  con- 

0 


66  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

•litioii.  Stables  for  two  cavalry  companies,  built  of  timber.  Roof  on  one  is  partly  covered  with 
shingles,  partly  with  earth  :  the  other  stable  is  covered  with  paulins.  Three  sets  of  officers'  quar- 
ters, a  new  hospital,  and  two  adobe  corrals  are  to  be  erected. 

SurPLY  depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  arc  at  Tucson  Depot.  Ari- 
zona Territory,  one  hundred  and  five  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  wagon-road.  Sup- 
plies can  be  transported  all  seasons  of  the  year. 

Subsistence. — Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water,  of  excellent  quality,  from  a  spring  about  500  yards 
distant,  by  a  water-wagon. 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Ghiricahua  Apaches. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.     One  square  mile  held  as  reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &c— The  post  is  built  on  a  line  plateau  in  the  Apache  Pass  of  the 
Ghiricahua  Mountains,  on  the  overland  mail-route  from  La  Mesilla,  New  Mexico,  to  San  Diego, 
California.  Surrounding  country  mountainous;  soil  sandy  and  rocky,  not  arable.  Rich  deposits 
of  gold  and  silver  have  been  found  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  post.  Operations  have  been 
commenced  in  the  new  rich  silver  mines  near  Ralston  City,  New  Mexico,  fifty-live  miles  distant. 
Timber  (plenty  on  the  northern  slopes  of  the  mountains)  mostly  pine  and  oak;  some  cedar.  No 
grain  or  vegetables  can  be  raised  within  a  nearer  distance  than  thirty  miles  of  the  post.  Crass — 
grama  and  upland.  Nearest  river  is  the  San  Pedro,  fifty-live  miles  west;  can  be  forded  during  all 
seasons.  Climate  mild  ;  generally  warm  during  summer  months;  an  occasional  fall  of  snow  during 
the  winter;  average  temperature,  U2°.27  thermometer;  55°.39  hygrometer.  Health  of  locality  good. 
No  settlements. 


CAMP  CADY,  CALIFORNIA. 

(Established,  so  far  as  records  at  post  show,  in  October,  1865;  but  it  is  said  that  United  States 
troops  occupied  the  site  of  the  post  as  early  as  1858.) 

INFORMATION  FURNISHED   BY  CAPTAIN   II.   R.   PUTNAM,  TWENTY-FIRST  EXITED    STATICS   IMANTKV. 
AUGUST,  1870,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  31°  38'  north;  longitude,  11G°  40'  west.  Post-office,  San  Bernardino, 
<  'alifornia,  the  nearest,  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  seventy-five  men,  with  good  bakehouse,  kitchen,  and  mess-room;  all  built 
of  adobes  and  covered  with  shingles;  in  good  condition.  Officers'  quarters,  two ;  built  of  adobes 
and  covered  with  shingles  ;  one  in  good  condition  and  one  leaky. 

S'TORE-nouSES. — One  quartermaster's  ami  commissary  store-house.  21  by  77  feet:  H  feet 
high;  built  of  adobes  and  covered  with  shingles;  in  good  condition.  Capacity  for  supplies  for 
seventy-live  men,  nine  months.  A  portion  of  the  store-house  is  used  for  storing  grain.  Capacity 
for  50,000  pounds  of  barley. 

Hospitae. — No  hospital  at  post.  A  room  12  by  20  feet,  partitioned  from  soldiers' quarters, 
used  as  a  dispensary,  office,  and  steward's  room. 

Guard-house,  &c. — Stockade  building — roof  made  of  poles  and  earth  ;  in  good  condition 
Quartermaster's  corral  built  of  poles,  stockade  style;  in  good  condition. 

Supply-depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster's  and  subsistence  depots  arc  at  Wilmington  Depot, 
California,  one  hundred  and  sixty  live  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supplj  is  bj  wagon-road.  Sup- 
plies can  be  transported  all  seasons  of  the  year. 

Subsistence. — Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

WATER. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  springs  one  fouith  of  a  mile  distant,  by  water 
cart. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  G7 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Rah  Utes;  number  not  known. 

Communication. — Ret  ween  post  and  San  Bernardino,  California,  bj  Government  express  rider. 

Reservation. — There  is  no  record  of  the  survey  of  the  reservation  at  the  post,  and  nothing 
to  show  how  far  it  extends  either  way. 

Description  oe  country,  &c. — Surrounding  country  hilly;  soil,  sandy;  not  arable.  Tim- 
ber, sufficient  for  fuel  for  the  post ;  Cottonwood  and  mesquite  on  the  bottoms  of  Mojave  River. 
Some  kinds  of  summer  vegetables  might  be  raised  in  limited  quantities.  Salt-grass  plenty ;  no 
other  kinds  in  any  quantity.  Climate  exceedingly  dry,  the  thermometer  frequently  indicating  111' 
during  the  summer  months;  average  temperature,  68°.66  thermometer;  hygrometer,  Ci0°.70. 
Health  of  locality  good.     No  settlements. 


CAMP  COLORADO,  ARIZONA  TERRITORY. 

(Established  1868.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN  BY   LIEUTENANT  L.  NOLAN.  TWELFTH   UNITED  STATES   INFANTRY,   JULY,    1870, 
THE  ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  34°  10'  14";  longitude,  111°  15'  15".  Post-office  at  La  Paz,  forty-five 
miles  distant.     La  Paz  is  also  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  twenty  men,  built  of  brush  or  arrow-weed;  are  in  a  very  bad  condition.  No 
shelter  is  afforded  from  rain  or  the  frequent  sand-storms  that  prevail  at  this  post.  Officers'  quar- 
ters, two;  built  of  logs  on  the  stockade  plan,  covered  with  canvas  and  tule;  built  at  the  expense 
of  the  officers,  (by  Indian  labor,)  with  the  exception  of  the  canvas. 

Store-houses. — -Quartermaster's  and  commissary  in  one,  20  by  170  feet,  0  by  22  feet  high, 
built  of  logs  (stockade)  and  brush,  and  covered  with  paulius.  Capacity  for  supplies  for  one  com- 
pany for  ten  months  or  one  year.  The  log  or  stockade  portion  of  the  building  is  the  best  in  camp, 
but  is  only  suitable  for  a  temporary  camp. 

Hospital. — A  hospital  tent  and  fly  stretched,  covered  with  brush  (arrow-weed)  to  keep  out 
the  extreme  heat;  shelter  28  by  28  feet,  with  a  brush  kitchen  attached. 

GLTARD-norsE,  &c. — Guard-house,  built  of  brush,  (arrow -weed,)  but  not  fit  for  use;  has  not 
been  in  use  for  five  months.  Bake-house  in  same  condition,  as  is  also  the  blacksmith-shop.  The 
bake-oven  and  forge  are  built  of  adobe,  and  might  be  made  useful  by  the  expenditure  of  two  or 
three  hundred  dollars  for  repairs.  The  quartermaster's  corral  is  good,  being  lately  put  up,  and  built 
of  good  substantial  logs. 

Supply  depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Yuma  Depot, 
Arizona  Territory,  a  little  over  two  hundred  miles  distant.  The.  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Colorado 
River.     Supplies  can  be  transported  all  seasons  of  the  year. 

Subsistence. — Four  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Colorado  River,  on  the  bank  of  which  it 
is  located. 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Mojave  and  Chemehuevis  tribes.  The  Mojave  tribe  of 
Indians  in  the  vicinity  of  this  post  number  about  six  hundred,  and  are  on  the  Colorado  River 
reservation.  First  Lieutenant  11.  Dodt,  United  States  Army,  unassigned,  is  the  United  States 
Special  Indian  Agent;  post-office  address.  La  Paz,  Arizona  Territory.  The  Mojaves  are  a  lazy  and 
worthless  tribe  of  Indians.  On  the  opposite  or  west  side  of  the  river  there  is  a  tribe  of  Chemehuevis 
Indians,  numbering  from  fifteen  hundred  to  two  thousand.  No  reservation  or  agent.  A  much 
superior  Indian  to  the  Mojave,  as  they  raise  all  their  own  grain  and  do  their  own  work,  without 
any  expense  to  the  United  States  Government. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  by  wagon  road. 


68  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  .MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Reservation. — The  post  is  situated  on  the  Colorado  River  Indian  reservation.  The  military 
reservation  has  not  been  declared  by  the  President. 

Description  of  COUNTRY,  &C. — Surrounding'  country  mountainous:  soil  sandy,  not  arable, 
except  along  the  banks  of  the  river.  Timber  scarce — cottonwood,  mesquite,  and  willow  to  be  found 
along  bank  of  river.  Grass — saccaton,  guyetta.  Rivercannot  be  forded.  Climate  in  winter  season 
very  mild  and  pleasant;  during  summer  ver\  warm.  Average  temperature,  72°.66  thermometer; 
hygrometer,  04°.S3.     .Health  of  locality  good.     No  settlements. 


CAMP  CRITTENDEN,  ARIZONA  TERRITORY. 

(Established  18GS.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  LIEUTENANT  WILLIAM  J.  ROSS,  TWENTY-FIRST  INFANTRY,  DECEMBER,  18/0, 

THE  ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  31°  35'  45"  ;  longitude,  110°  36'  ;  situated  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  old  Fort  Buchanan.  Post-office  at  the  post.  Nearest  settlements  in  Sonoita  Valley,  four  miles 
distant.  The  boundary  line  bet  ween  Arizona,  United  States,  and  Sonora,  Mexico,  lies  twenty  miles 
via  the  Mowrey  .Mines  south  from  this  post. 

Quarters. — Quarters  for  two  companies  of  troops,  117  by  18  feet;  built  of  adobe;  -wall 
12  feet  high  and  -\  feet  thick;  L  on  fronts  used  as  orderly-rooms;  L  on  rear  of  build- 
ings used  as  temporary  dining-rooms.  Kitchen  and  bake-house — two  rooms  under  same  roof, 
attached.  Officers' quarters — three  sets,  30  by  20  feet ;  built  of  adobe;  walls  11  feet  high  and  IS 
inches  thick;  partitioned  into  two  rooms  each,  formerly  intended  for  dining-rooms  and  kitchens 
to  officers'  quarters,  which  have  not  been  built.  Laundresses'  quarters — five  sets.  All  these  build- 
ings are  roofed  with  pine  slats  and  earth,  and  are  in  good  condition. 

Hospital. — Hospital  80  by  21  feet,  built  of  adobe  ;  walls  11  feet  high  and  18  inches  thick  :  room 
21  by  11  feet  partitioned  off  west  end,  used  for  surgery  ;  capacity  for  twelve,  beds;  roofed  with 
[line  logs,  slats,  and  earth;  in  good  condition.  Tents  are  used  for  temporary  kitchen,  dining  and 
storerooms. 

Store-iiouses. — Quartermaster's,  117  by  is  feet,  built  of  adobe;  walls  11  feet  high  and  2A 
feet  thick  ;  partitioned  into  three  rooms — north  room  used  for  storing  quartermaster's  stores  ; 
center  room  for  clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage;  south  room  for  storing  grain  ;  roofed  with 
pine  logs,  slats,  and  earth  ;  in  good  condition.  Commissary  86  by  21  feet,  built  of  adobe  ;  walls 
12  feet  high  and  18  inches  thick;  two  looms,  each  22  by  11  feet,  partitioned  off — one  at 
south  end  used  as  quartermaster's  and  sub-officer's  room,  and  one  at  north  end  for  storing  canned 
fruits,  &c;  can  store  one  year's  supply  lor  two  companies;  roofed  with  pine  logs,  slats,  and  earth  ; 
in  good  condition. 

Guard-house. — Guard-house  60  by  21  feet,  built  of  adobe  ;  walls  Hi  feet  high  and  18  inches 
thick  ;  partitioned  into  three  rooms — south  room  21  by  IS  feet,  for  guardroom  ;  center  room,  same. 
dimensions,  for  prisoners'  room  ;  that  at  north  end,  21  by  11  feet,  walls  built  of  rubble  masonry 
laid  up  in  mortar,  intended  for  a  cell,  at  present  used  as  a  temporary  magazine  ;  shingle  roof,  the 
only  one  in  the  garrison  ;  in  good  condition. 

CORB  M.S. — Two  in  number,  each  125  by  125  feet  ;  built  of  adobe  ;  walls  average  10  feet  high, 
is  inches  thick.  Good  sheds  around  two  sides  of  each  corral,  built  of  unhewn  pine  logs,  and 
roofed  with  logs,  brush,  and  earth.  East  corral  can  accommodate  one  hundred  and  fifty  cavalry 
horses;  west  corral  can  accommodate  one  hundred  head  of  beef  cattle  and  sixty  head  of  quarter- 
master's animals. 

Workshops. —  Blacksmith,  carpenter,  paint,  and  saddler  shops  form  an  irregular  square  L10 
h\  60  feet,  under  same  roof:  liuilt  of  adobe;  walls  average  10  feet  high  and  20  inches  thick  ;  roofed 
with  poles,  brush,  and  earth.  The  yard  is  used  for  storing  those  articles  of  quartermaster's  .stores 
not    liable   to    perish.      This   pile   of  buildings    was    the    headquarters    anil   residence  of  the  former 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  69 

commanding  officer  of  old  Fort  Buchanan;  has  been  extensively  repaired,  and  is  now  in  good 
condition. 

Supply  depot. — At  Tucson  Depot,  Arizona  Territory,  sixty  live  miles  distant.  Supplies 
hauled  over  good  wagon  mail  ami  can  be  transported  at  any  seasmi  of  the  year. 

Si  BSISTENCE. — Three  months'  supply  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  with  good  water  from  springs  in  its  immediate  vicinity,  and 
from  two  wells  situated  within  the  garrison. 

Wood. — Fuel  is  furnished  by  the  labor  of  the  troops.  . 

Indians. — Apaches  ;  hostile. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  and  settlements  is  by  wagon  roads. 

Reservation: — Designated  in  General  Orders  No.  57,  dated  Headquarters  Department  of 
California,  San  Francisco,  .September  30,  1867. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Surrounding  country  hilly.  Soil,  a  black  loam.  Grain,  hay, 
and  vegetables  are  raised  in  abundance.  Timber  plenty  ;  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  pine  can  be 
procured  in  the  Santa.  Rieta  Mountains,  nine  miles  west  from  this  point.  The  surrounding  hills, 
generally  speaking,  are  covered  with  a  growth  of  stunted  black  oak  timber,  which  affords  the 
garrison  a  never-failing  supply  of  good  hard  wood  for  fuel.  The  labor  required  to  erect  the  public 
buildings  was  mainly  performed  by  the  troops.  The  mail  (carried  by  a  detail  of  soldiers) 
leaves  here  for  Tucson,  sixty-five  miles  north,  and  returns  once  a  week.  Climate  very  warm  during 
the  summer  months.  The  nights  are  cold.  Average  monthly  temperature — thermometer  65°. 
Health  of  locality  good. 


CAMP  DATE  CREEK,  ARIZONA  TERRITORY. 

(Established  in   1866  as  Camp   McPherson.    Name  changed  to  Camp   Date  Creek  by  General 
Orders  No.  29,  Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the  Pacific,  November  23,  1868.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY    BREVET   LIEUTENANT   COLONEL   R.  F.  O'BEIRNE,  CAPTAIN   TWENTY-FIRST 
INFANTRY,  JULY,  1870,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  34°  45'  north;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  112°  18'  west.  Post-office 
address,  Wickenburg,  Arizona  Territory.  Nearest  town,  Wiekeubuig,  Arizona  Territory,  twenty- 
six  miles  distant. 

Quarters. — For  two  companies,  size  70  by  22  feet,  built  of  adobe  with  shingle  roof.  For 
officers,  four  sets  of  quarters — three  of  adobe  and  one  of  stone,  all  provided  with  both  shingle  and 
earth  roofs;  three  sets  having  kitchens  and  dining-rooms  of  adob.  attached.  Size  of  officers 
quarters,  25  by  18  icvt;  kitchens  and  dining-rooms,  :V2  by  1G  feet.  Both  officers'  quarters  and 
men's  barracks  are  in  good  condition  and  comfortable.  There  are  three  sets  of  laundresses'  quarters, 
all  of  adobe;  two  of  them,  size  20  by  20,  covered  with  shingles,  and  one  18  by  1-'  with  earth  roof. 
One  of  these  (20  by  20)  is  used  as  adjutant's  office.  Cavalry  and  quartermaster's  corrals  are  built 
of  logs.  Sheds  covered  with  corn-stalks  and  manure  areerected  to  cover  horses  and  mules.  Sepa- 
rate apartments  for  beef  cattle  and  sheep. 

Store-houses. — One  building  100  by  22  feet,  built  of  stone  and  roofed  with  shingles,  used 
both  as  quartermaster  and  commissary  store-house.  The  building  is  divided  into  four  apartments, 
used  respectively  as  office,  subsistence  store-room,  grain-room,  and  clothing-room,  each  of  them 
provided  with  a  stone  floor  and  well  ventilated. 

.  Hospital. — Hospital  built  of  adobe,  80  by  14  feet;  ward-room  in  the  center  22  feet  deep ; 
south  wing  containing  three  rooms,  used  respectively  as  dispensary,  store-room,  and  surgeon's 
quarters;  and  north  wing  containing  two  rooms,  used  as  dining-room  and  kitchen.  Capacity  of 
ward,  sixteen  beds. 

Shops. — One  building,  32  by  1  I  feet,  used  as  a  blacksmith  and  carpenter  shop.  It  is  built  of 
logs  covered  with  canvas. 


70  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Guard-house. — There  is  no  permanent  guardhouse  at  the  post,  a  tent  being  used  at  present 
for  that  purpose. 

Company  store-rooms. — Two  buildings  of  adobe,  each  20  by  20  feet,  covered  with  shingles, 
form  the  company  store-rooms  and  offices.     They  are  erected  adjoining  the  company  barracks. 

Kitchens  and  mess-rooms. — Each  company  lias  an  adobe  kitchen  with  shingle  roof,  size  20 
by  20  feet.     Temporary  mess-rooms  of  poles  covered  with  canvas  are  attached. 

Supply  depot. — The  nearest  supply  depot  is  at  Fort  Yuma,  California,  from  which  all 
commissary  and  quartermaster  stores  far  the  post  are  drawn.  The  route  of  Supply  is  by  water  to 
Ehrenberg,  Arizona  Territory,  and  thence  by  wagon  to  this  post,  one  hundred  and  seventeen 
miles.  Supplies  cau  be  transported  at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  provided  there  is  sufficient  water  in 
the  Colorado  River  to  allow  steamers  to  come  up  to  Ehrenberg. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  a  well  56  feet  deep;  water  for  animals  being 
taken  from  Date  Creek,  where  a  good  supply  can  always  be  had  for  that  purpose. 

Wood. — Wood  can  be  found  in  limited  quantities  some  five  miles  from  the  post,  and  is 
furnished  to  the  post  by  the  labor  of  the  troops.  The  quality  is  poor,  being  only  cottouwood  and 
willow. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Apache  Alojaves. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  is  six  miles  iu  length  (east  and  west)  and  two  and  a  half 
miles  iu  width,  (north  and  south,)  and  covers  an  area  of  5,623.90  acres. 

DESCRIPTION. — Surrounding  country  hilly  and  mountainous;  soil  sandy,  except  in  the  creek 
bottom,  where  the  soil  has  been  cultivated  as  a  post  garden  with  success.  Crass  plenty.  Climate 
mild;  very  little,  if  any,  snow  during  the  winter,  but  very  warm  in  summer,  thermometer  ranging 
as  high  as  112°  F.  in  the  shade.  Average  temperature,  60°.4  thermometer.  Health  of  locality 
excellent. . 


DRUM  BARRACKS,  CALIFORNIA. 

(Established  18G2.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  LIEUTENANT  GEORGE  W.  EVANS,  TWENTY-FIRST  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY, 
AUGUST,  1870,  THE  ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  33°  42'  ;•  longitude,  118°  17'  S".  Post-office  in  the  town  of  Wilmington, 
one  mile  from  the  post.  The  city  of  Los  Angelesis  situated  about  twenty  miles  from  the  barracks. 
Railroad  communication  between  the  two  places. 

QUARTERS. — For  officers:  two  double  houses,  each  two  stories  high  ;  frame  buildings;  each 
house  containing  on  the  tirst  floor  eight  large  rooms — the  building  on  the  north  side  of  the  camp 
containing  on  the  upper  floor  eight  rooms,  and  the  oue  on  the  south  side  containing  four.  Coin 
manding  officer's — one  story  high  ;  frame  building;  containing  five  rooms,  dining-room  and  kitchen. 
Another  building  two  stories  high,  originally  intended  for  quartermaster's  and  adjutant's  office, 
containing  eight  rooms.  Each  of  these  buildings  are  provided  with  a  large  portico  extending  about 
!.">  feetfrom  the  building,  and  covered.  The  officers' quarters  are  all  in  good  condition.  For  men — 
four  frame  buildings,  capable  of  accommodating  four  hundred  men.  Two  in  fair  condition,  the 
remaining  two  requiring  considerable  repair.  One  frame  building;  three  rooms  in  good  condition  ; 
as  quarters  for  regimental  non-commissioned  staff.  For  laundresses — four  frame  buildings,  each 
containing  four  rooms  in  good  condition;  callable  of  accommodating  eighl  laundresses. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster's  and  commissary,  none..  Supplies  drawn  from  the  quarter- 
master's depol  at  Wilmington,  one  mile  distant.  For  ordnance,  one  frame  building  in  good  con- 
dition, 24  by  1<>  feet. 

Magazine.— <  toe  ordnance  magazine,  built  of  brick,  with  an  <>\ al  roof;  secure  in  everj  partic 
ular,  and  iu  good  condition  ;   1  1  by  Hi  feet. , 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  71 

Hospital. — Two-story  frame  building,  consisting  of  one  lower  floor  of  one  ward  40  by  39  feet, 
together  with  dining-room,  kitchen,  surgeon's  office,  dispensary,  storeroom,  and  steward's  room. 
On  upper  floor,  one  ward  40  by  39,  and  three  other  rooms  for  the  accommodation  of  sick  officers; 
capacity  for  forty-two  beds.    The  hospital  building  is  in  excellent  condition. 

GUARD-HOUSE. — Frame  building,  consisting  of  one  room  for  officer  of  the  guard,  one  guard- 
room, one  prison-room,  and  three  cells  in  fair  condition. 

Corrals.— Two  large  corrals,  194  by  96,  capable  of  accommodating  two  hundred  horses: 
require  repairs. 

Supply  Depot. — Supplies  drawn  from  Wilmington  Depot,  one  mile  distant. 

Water. — Water  is  supplied  from  wells  in  the  barracks,  and  by  means  of  a  water-cart. 

Wood. — Obtained  under  contract. 

Indians. — No  hostile  Indians  near  the  post. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  is  not  known  to  have  been 
declared  by  the  President.  The  barracks  are  inclosed  by  a  picket  fence  1,638  by  1,480  feet,  the 
ground  donated  by  a  citizen  living  near  the  barracks  when  first  built. 

Description  op  Country,  &c. — Country  level;  soil  good  and  arable;  timber,  none  near 
the  post;  grass  plentiful  in  ordinary  seasons;  climate  mild,  pleasant,  and  very  healthy.  Average 
temperature  of  thermometer,  02°.25;  hygrometer,  59°.31. 

BUILDINGS  AT  WILMINGTON  DEPOT. 

Store-houses. — For  quartermaster,  two  frame  buildings,  each  80  by  40  feet,  12  feet  high 
to  eaves;  one  used  for  quartermaster's  stores,  the  other  for  clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage. 
For  commissary,  one  frame  building  80  by  40  feet,  shingle  roof,  with  floor  elevated  about  four  feet 
from  the  -round  ;  capacity,  one  year's  supply  for  four  companies. 

Granary.— One  frame  building  SO  by  40  feet,  elevated  four  feet  from  ground ;  capacity  for 
000,000  pounds  of  grain. 

Hay-room.— One  frame  building  27<>  by  70  feet,  10  feet  high;  shingle  roof ;  with  floor  elevated 
five  feet  from  ground;  capacity  for  1,600,000  pounds  of  hay. 

Shops,  &C. — One  frame  building,  151  by  L5  feet;  shingle  roof;  three  rooms,  used  as  saddler's 
shop,  storage  of  harness,  and  storage  of  considerable  property.  One  covered  shed,  frame,  385  by 
15  feet,  12  feet  high;  floor  elevated  four  feet  from  ground;  used  for  storage  of  miscellaneous 
property.  One  wheelwright's  shop,  frame  building.  30  by  48  feet,  capable  of  accommodating  six 
mechanics.     One  blacksmith's  shop,  frame  building,  30  b\    is  feet,  supplied  with  two  forges. 

Corrals. — Two,  MS  by  180  feet,  with  covered  stalls;  capable  of  accommodating  three  hundred 
animals.     Additional  stabling  for  one  hundred  horses  in  rear  of  granary. 

Offices. — Depot  quartermaster's,  one  building,  30  by  18  feet,  divided  into  two  rooms.  Com- 
missary's, one  building,  36  by  IS  feet,  divided  into  two  rooms. 


CAMP  GRANT,  ARIZONA  TERRITORY. 

(Established  in  1856,  under  name  of  Fort  Breckinridge.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN   BY   CAPTAIN  J.   R.    DUNKELBERGER,    FIRST   UNITED    STATES   CAVALRY,    JULY, 

1870,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  32°  47'  35"  ;  longitude,  west  from  Greenwich,  ll.'P  37'  15",  approximate^  . 
Post-office  and  nearest  town  or  settlement,  about  fifty-eight  miles  distant. 

QUARTERS.— For  one  hundred  and  eighty  men.  Those  occupied  by  Troops  K,  First  Cavalry. 
and  F,  Third  Cavalry,  are  built  of  stockade;  timber  partly  rotten;  roofs  leak  badly:  buildings 
totally  unfit  for  quarters.  Those  occupied  by  Company  I.  Twenty-first  Infantry,  are  built  of  adobe  ; 
roofs  leak  some, requiring  constant  repairs.  Officers'  quarters,  ten  rooms  averaging  15  by  IS  feet, 
nine  feet  high  ;  one  kitchen  12  by  15  feet  ;  one  dining-room  12  by  15  feet— all  built  of  abodes;  roofs 


72  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

require  constant  repair,  and  even  then  they  will  leak  during  rainy  season.    The  officers  have  no! 
sufficient  room  for  either  comfort  or  health. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster  and  commissary,  with  corral  attached,  150  by  100  feet— 13 
feel  high;  an  adobe  building;  capacity  for  supplies  for  three  companies  for  one  year ;  roof  made 

of  logs  and  earth,  require  frequent  repairs  ;  grain-room,  capacity  for  150,  000  pounds  of  corn. 

Hospital. — Hospital  built  of  adobes,  consisting  of  three  apartments — one  of  the  apartments 
18  by  I")  feet,  9  feet  high,  used  as  a  dispensary,  office, and  steward's  room;  one  for  ward-room,  30 
by  10  feet,  12  feet  high,  capacity  for  ten  beds;  one  for  kitchen,  11  by  10  feet,  8  feet  high.  Roof, 
logs  and  earth. 

Guard-house. — Guard-house  built  of  adobes,  consisting  of  one  room  33  by  IS  feet,  10  feet 
high. 

Adjutant's  office. — 15  by  32  feet,  10  feet  high,  built  of  adobes,  and  containing  two  apart- 
ments— one  used  for  office  and  the  other  for  a  magazine.  All  buildings  are  leaky,  and  require 
frequent  repairs. 

Corrals. — Cavalry  corrals,  two;  capacity  for  stabling  one  hundred  and  fifty  horses;  built  of 
logs  on  the  principle  of  a  stockade.     This  is  done  more  for  protection  against  Indians  than  weather. 

Supply  depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Tucson,  Arizona, 
fifty-eight  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  wagon  road.  Supplies  can  be  transported  all 
seasons  of  the  year. 

Subsistence. — Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  was  formerly  supplied  with  water  from  the  Rio  San  Pedro,  but  lately  a 
well  has  been  dug  on  the  banks  of  the  Arivapa  Creek, from  which  good  water  is  obtained  by  the 
water-wagons. 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

I: m iians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Pinal  tribe. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  (own  is  by  wagon. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  contains  an  area  of  2,  031.70 
acres,  surveyed  in  February,  ISO!),  by  George  M.  Wheeler,  Corps  of  Engineers. 

Soil,  climate,  &c. — Surrounding  country  mountainous,  with  little  wood.  Corn,  wheat,  beans, 
melons,  and  the  usual  garden  vegetables,  except  potatoes,  can  be  produced  in  the  valley  of  the  Rio 
San  Pedro,  by  means  of  irrigation.  Grazing  facilities  good.  With  few  exceptions  the  river  can 
be  forded  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  Climate  during  the  summer  months,  hot ;  average  tempera- 
ture, G8°.53  thermometer  ;  hygrometer,  59°.15.     Health  of  locality,  except  in  rainy  season,  good. 


CAMP  HUALPAI,  APJZONA  TERRITORY. 

(Formerly  Camp  Toll  Gate.     Established  1S09.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  CAPTAIN  R.  H.  POND,  TWELFTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY,  JULY,  1870,  Till'. 

COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  35° TO' ;  longitude  from  Greenwich.  113°  50'.  One  mile  and  a  half  south- 
east of  Aztec  Pass,  and  forty  miles  northeast  from  Preseott.  Post-office  at  Prescott,  which  is  the 
nearest  town. 

QUARTERS. — For  one  hundred  and  fifty  men.  consisting  of  common  (cuts  raised  on  stockade, 
four  feet  high,  with  floors  and  adobe  chimneys.  Commanding  officer's  quarters  built  of  undressed 
lumber;  roof  shingled ;  has  two  rooms  and  small  shed  adjoining;  condition  fair.  The  remaining 
officers  are  in  wall  tents,  floored,  with  adobe  chimneys. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster  and  commissary  store-house  103  by  •'!•'!  feet,  and  1 1  feci  high, 
made  of  pine  logs  placed  upright  and  filled  in  with  adobe;  in  very  good  condition.  Capacity  for 
Supplies  lor  four  companies  for  one  year.  One  grain  house  1' I  by  -  I  feel,  and  10  feel  high  ;  capacity 
four  and  a  half  months' supply  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  horses;  aewlj  repaired.  Harness  and 
meat-house  (two  rooms)  3G  by  15  feet,  9  feel  high;  made  of  slabs;  newly  made. 


DESCRIPTION'S  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATION'S.  73 

Hospital. — Consists  of  two  hospital  tents  and  three  wall  tents.  Two  hospital  tents  and  one 
wall  tent  used  as  ward-room,  one  wall  tent  for  dispensary,  and  oue  wall  teul  for  store-room. 

Guard-house. — Built  of  cedar  and  pine  logs,  with  earth  and  brush  covering  for  roof,  31  by 
15£  feet,  and  8  feet  high;  condition  good.  Quartermaster  and  commissary  corral  built  of  logs; 
condition  good.  Two  stables  built  of  logs  for  cavalry,  154  by  •">(>  feet,  seven  feet  high  :  capacity  of 
each  stable,  thirty  ime  stalls  or  sixty-two  horses;  condition  good;  roof  made  of  poles  with  hay  cov- 
ering; needs  repairing.  One  quartermaster  stable,  LIS  by  30  feet,  and  6 J- feet  high,  of  same  material 
as  cavalry  stable  ;  capacity,  tWeuty-six  stalls,  fifty-two  animals ;  needs  repairs.  These  stables  are 
well  adapted  for  the  climate.  Post  bake-house,  22^  by  Kij,  feet,  and  8  feet  high;  capacity  for 
baking  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  men.     The  bakery  is  covered  with  a  shingle  roof. 

Supply  Depot. — Fort  Yuma,  California.  All  stores  fortius  post  are  brought  up  the  Colorado 
River  by  steamer  from  Yuma  to  ( !amp  Mojave,  and  from  there  transported  in  citizen  trains  to  t  his 
post ;  distance  from  Mojave  to  this  post,  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  miles.  Supplies  can  be  trans 
ported  for  about  eight  or  niue  months  of  the  year.     The  river  is  very  low  at  certain  seasons. 

Subsistence. — There  is  about  four  months'  supply  on  hand.  This  post  has  been  supplying 
Camp  Rawlins  for  the  past  three  months. 

WATER. — This  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  a  well  recently  dug. 

Wood. — Cedar  in  great  abundance  on  all  sides.  There  is  a  large  quantity  of  pine  within  three 
miles  of  the  post.     Fuel  is  furnished  by  the  troops. 

Indians. — The  Yavapais,  or  Apache  Mojaves,  and  Hualpais  are  the  nearest  tribes  of  Indians. 
The  former  tribe  is  hostile,  the  latter  is  friendly,  but  do  not  come  within  fifty  miles  of  the  post. 
Their  country  lies  near  <  'amp  Mojave. 

Communication. — Between  this  post  and  Camp  Rawlins  and  Prescott,  by  mail  wagon. 

RESERVATION. — No  reservation  is  laid  off.     One  square  mile  is  held  as  reserved. 

Grazing. — There  is  abundance  of  grazing,  principally  bunch  grass  or  grama,  within  three  miles 
of  the  post,  on  the  southeast  side. 

Description. — The  post  is  situated  on  a  gravely  mesa ;  soil  coarse.  There  is  abundance  of 
shade.  The  surrounding  country  is  very  ragged  and  mountainous.  There  are  formidable  canons 
above  and  below  the  post  on  I  he  main  road,  and  the  post  is  situated  between  them  with  a  view  to 
the  preservation  of  the  road  from  attacks  by  Indians.  Vegetables  can  be  raised  in  the  bottom  land 
below  the  mesa  ;  soil  is  very  good,  being  watered  by  a  running  stream  called  Walnut  Creek.  The 
only  difficulties  encountered  are  the  early  and  late,  frosts.  Climate  mild.  This  mesa  is  about 
0,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 


CAMP  LOWELL,  ARIZONA  TERRITORY. 

(Established  August  29,  186(5.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN   BY  BREVET  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  J.  G.  C.  LEE,  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER, 

TUCSON  DEPOT,  ARIZONA  TERRITORY. 

Location. — On  the  east  side  and  adjoining  the  town  of  Tucson,  the  capital  of  Arizona  Territory, 
a  place  of  about  three  thousand  inhabitants,  situated  in  the  valley  of  the  Santa  Cruz  River,  in 
latitude  32°  ll"  north,  and  longitude,  110°  52;  west,  Tucson  was  first  garrisoned  by  United  States 
troops,  May  20,  1862,  and  occupied  until  September  15,  1864,  when  it  was  abandoned,  it  having 
been  during  this  period,  as  it  now  is,  the  depot  of  supplies  for  Southern  Arizona.  In  May,  1865,  it 
was  reoccupied,  and  so  continued  until  August  29,  1866,  when  it  was  declared  a  permanent  military 
post  under  the  name  of  Camp  Lowell,  in  honor  of  Brigadier  General  Charles  R.  Lowell,  United 
States  Volunteers,  Sixth  United  States  Cavalry,  who  was  killed  at  Cedar  Creek,  Virginia. 

L'eservation. — The  records  of  the  original   reservation  have  been  lost,  but   it  was  recently 

resurveyed  by  Lieutenant  V.  M.  C.  Silva,  Twenty-first   Infantry,  under  orders  of  Brevet  Colonel 

M.  Cogswell,  Twenty-first  Infantry,  commanding  post.     A  report  of  this  survey  with  map  has  been 

orwarded  to  the  Quartermaster  General's  Office,  but  the  reservation  has  not  yet  been  declared  by 

K) 


74  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

the  President.  Its  boundaries  are  as  follows:  Commencing  at  a  point  on  the  overland  road  from 
Tucson  to  Santa  F6  designated  bj  an  oak  post;  thence  north  41§  chains ;  thence  east  88  chains; 
thence  south  41f  chains;  thence  west  88  chains  to  place  of  beginuing — being  367  acres  and  20,328 
square  feet. 

Post-office. — Post-office,  Tucson,  Arizona  Territory. 

Quarters. — No  quarters.  The  construction  of  buildings  has  been  authorized,  to  be  done  by 
labor  of  troops.     The  command  has  not  since  been  adequate,  so  no  quarters  have  been  built. 

Store-houses. — No  store-houses.  Store-houses  for  Tucson  depot  rented  in  Tucson.  Dimension 
as  follows:  One  20  by  4H  feet  and  one  16  by  36  feet,  for  grain  ;  one  34i  by  172  feet  for  quarter- 
master's stores  and  clothing;  one  111  by  llL'i  feet,  one  i'7J,  by  48  feet,  and  one  41.1  by  15J  feet,  for 
subsistence  stores.  These,  with  one  office  1!»A  by  59  feet,  a  blacksmith  shop  L'U  by  41  \  feet,  a  car- 
penter shop  22  by  34  feet,  and  a  saddler's  shop  13  by  29  feet,  and  a  corral  273  by  300  feet,  are  rented 
at  the  rate  of  8635  per  month. 

Hospital. — No  hospital.  Hospital  rented  in  town  of  Tucson;  a  fine  building,  well  ventilated 
and  healthfully  located.     Dimensions,  44  by  34  and  43  feet.     Rented  at  ®60  per  month. 

Guard-house. — A  very  excellent  adobe  building,  25J  by  .~>4i  feet,  in  good  condition. 

Magazine. — Built  of  adobe,  19  by  39  feet — a  good  building,  in  good  repair. 

Supply  depot. — Tucson,  Arizona  Territory,  adjoining  post. 

Subsistence. — Nine  months'  supply  always  kept  at  Tucson  depot.  Flour  anil  beans  purchased 
at  depot  at  low  rates. 

Water. — Supplied  by  excellent  well  at  the  quarters. 

Wood. — Supplied  by  labor  of  troops.  A  good  quality  of  mesquite  to  be  had  within  four  or 
five  miles. 

Indians. — The  nearest  resident  Indians  are  tin1  Papagos,  who  are  friendly.  The  Apaches 
inhabit  the  neighboring  mountains,  and  make  war  at  every  opportunity,  frequently  coming  into  the 
very  town  and  committing  depredations. 

Communication. — By  wagon,  both  to  and  from  post  entirely.  Roads  good  nearly  all  the  year; 
only  bad  a  short  period  in  the  rainy  season. 

Description  of  country,  &C. — Surrounding  country  mountainous,  with  fertile  valley  inter- 
spersed. Timber  only  on  the  mountains,  difficult  of  access.  Mesquite  for  wood  in  the  valleys,  Cot- 
tonwood along  streams  in  limited  quantities.  Corn,  barley,  wheat,  &c,  can  be  raised  in  the  valleys 
wherever  irrigable.  The  supply  of  grain  for  the  post  is  ample.  Crass  of  the  kind  known  as  black 
grama  abundant  within  a  few  miles.  Streams  of  the  country  nearly  always  dry.  Only  rise  with 
very  heavy  rains,  and  fall  soon  after.  Climate  hot  during  most  of  the  year  ;  evenings  and  nights 
usually  cold.  Average  temperature,  69°.67  thermometer;  hygrometer,  62°.31.  Health  usually  pretty 
good,  though  malarial  fevers  prevail  during  summer  and  fall.  Settlements  along  the  Santa  Cruz 
and  San  Pedro  Rivers,  and  on  the  Gila  to  the  north. 


camp  Mcdowell,  Arizona  territory. 

(Established  September,  I860.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  CAPTAIN  GEORGE  B.  SANFORD,  FIRST  UNITED  STATES  CAVALRY,  JULY,  1-To. 

THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — On  the  west  bank  of  the  Rio  Verde,  seven  miles  from  its  junction  with  the  Rio 
Solado.  Latitude,  33°  40';  longitude,  111°  40'.  Post  office  at  the  post.  Maricopa  Wells,  a  trading 
establishment  on  the  Gila,  about  fifty  miles  south  southwest,  is  the  nearest  settlement.  A  farming 
settlement,  called  Phoenix,  is  growing  np  at  Salt  River,  about  thirty  miles  southwest  from  here. 

QUARTERS. — For  fifty  men,  built  of  adobe;  mud  roof,  'these  quarters  are  occupied  by  a  troop 
of  cavalry.  The  rest  of  the  garrison,  two  troops  of  cavalry  and  two  companies  of  infantry,  are 
quartered  in  "A"  tents,  protected  from  the  sun  during  the  summer  months  by  shelters  of  willow 
brush.    The  officers'  quarters  consist  of  four  buildings  for  company  officers,  and  one  for  the  com- 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  75 

manding  officer.  They  are  of  adobe,  with  mud  roofs;  old  ami  leaky,  need  continual  repairs,  ami 
cannot  stand  much  longer.     They  were  built  in  the  winter  of  L865-'G6,  bj  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

Store-houses. — One  adobe  building,  L30  by  23  feet,  divided  into  four  r< is.  two  being  used 

for  quartermaster  property,  one  as  a  commissary  store-house,  aud  one  as  an  office.     Capacity  for 

supplies  for  four  companies  for  six  months.  Two  looms  of  another  building  are  used  as  grain  store- 
house. They  will  hold  about  200,000  pounds  of  bailey,  equivalent  to  two  months'  supply  for  the 
present  garrison. 

Hospital. — Adobe  building ;  mud  roof ;  120£  by  23  feet ;  divided  into  six  rooms.  First,  the 
surgery;  second,  the  ward;  third  and  fourth,  the  store;  fifth,  dining  -room  ;  sixth,  kitchen.  The 
ward  is  35.9  by  19A  feet,  and  12  feet  high.  Capacity,  eleven  beds,  with  750  cubic  feet  of  air  space 
each. 

GUARD-HOUSE. — Adobe,  mud  roof;  in  poor  condition;  old,  leaky,  and  insecure.  Quartermaster's 
corral  built  of  logs,  with  brush  shades.  In  as  good  order  as  is  possible,  considering  material  used  ; 
cavalry  corral  built  of  logs,  with  shades,  store-rooms,  and  shops  ;  in  good  order.  They  are  three 
in  number,  each  adapted  to  contain  a  troop  of  cavalry  horses. 

SUPPLY  DEPOT. — The  nearest  is  Yuma  Depot,  at  Fort  Yuma.  California,  two  hundred  and 
forty  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  wagon  road.  Supplies  cau  be  transported  at  all 
seasons  of  the  year.  Perhaps  once  in  two  years  the  Gila  and  Rio  Solado  are  unfordable  for  a 
month  in  the  spring. 

Subsistence. — Six  months'  supply  is  always  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  by  water-wagon  from  the  Rio  Verde.  A  well.  75  feet  deep,  is 
just  beiug  finished.     It  has  about  7  feet  of  water  at  present.     Water  sweet  and  pure. 

Wood.— Mesquite,  furnished  by  labor  of  the  troops.  After  the  1st  of  October  next,  it  will  be 
supplied  by  contract — 1,000  cords,  more  or  less. 

INDIANS. — The  nearest  friendly  Indians  are  the  Pimos  and  Maricopas,  living  on  the  (Mia,  fifty 
miles  distant.  The  hostile  Indians  are  the  Apache  Mojaves,  Tonto  Apaches,  Pinal  Apaches,  and 
Coyotero  Apaches.  These  bands  live  in  the  Massosal,  Sierra  Audio,  Pinal  Mountains,  and  White 
Mountains.  They  all  make  raids  in  the  country  adjacent  to  this  post,  and  are  boldest  aud  most 
destructive  in  the  early  spring  and  iu  the  fall  about  harvest  time. 

Communication  between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon. 

Reservation  has  not  been  declared  by  the  President.  A  tract  of  land  containing  about  four- 
teen .square  miles  (7  miles  by  2  1-21  miles)  is  held  as  a  reservation. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Surrounding  country  hilly  and  sandy,  not  arable;  bottom  land 
good.  A  Government  farm  containing  about  150  acres  cleared  land,  with  an  acequia  four  miles 
long,  is  under  cultivation.  It  is  leased  by  the  Government  one  year  at  a  time.  The  lessee  supplies 
the  post  with  long  forage,  consisting  of  barley,  hay,  and  sorghum.  A  portion  is  laid  off  as  a  post 
garden,  and  is  under  the  superintendence  of  the  post  treasurer.  All  kinds  of  vegetables  grow 
well.  Grass,  of  the  variety  called  grama,  grows  freely  after  the  rains.  For  the  last  two  years 
there  has  scarcely  been  any,  owing  to  the  lack  of  rain.  The  Rio  Verde  is  generally  fordable  ; 
during  the  freshets  it  is  unfordable ;  it  is  never  dry.  Climate  mild  in  winter  and  extremely  hot  in 
summer.  Snow  never  falls.  The  vicinity  of  this  post  is  occasionally  visited  by  terrific  storms  of 
wind,  rain,  and  hail,  accompanied  by  thunder  and  lightning.  They  generally  occur  in  the  summer 
months,  and  the  damage  to  property  is  often  very  great.  Altitude  above  sea,  3,000  feet.  Mean 
average  of  temperature  from  June  10,  1800,  to  July  1,  1S70,  hygrometer,  dry  bulb  70.00;  wet  bulb, 
02.  During  the  summer  months  the  thermometer  occasionally  rises  as  high  as  120°  F.  iu  the 
shade. 


7(3  DESCRIPTIONS  OP  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 


CAMP  MOJAVE,  ARIZONA  TERRITORY. 

(Established  1858.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  CAPTAIN  M.   H.  STACY.  TWELFTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  18/0, 

THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Locaiton. — The  post  is  situated  on  a  mesa,  on  tlio  left  bank  of  the  Colorado  River,  about  sixty 
feet  above  the  water,  in  latitude  35°24';  longitude,  114°  31'  10"  approximately  west  of  Greenwich. 
Altitude,  600  feet  approximately  above  sea.  It  is  two  hundred  miles  distant  from  Los  Angeles, 
California;  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  miles  from  Camp  Cady,  and  one  hundred  and  sixty-five 
miles  from  Prescott,  Arizona  Territory,  rost-offiee  at  the  post  trader's.  Mail  facilities  limited  to 
once  a  week  up  and  down  the  river;  rarricd  on  horseback;  requires  fifteen  days  for  mail  matter 
from  San  Francisco,  and  twenty-live  from  Washington. 

Quarters. — The  post  is  built  in  the  shape  of  a  parallelogram,  and  consists  of  two  adobe 
buildings,  each  35  by  90  feet,  on  the  north  side ;  an  adobe  guard-house,  22  by  35  feet,  and  an  adobe 
commissary,  •'!•"">  by  90  feet,  on  the  east  side  ;  two  sets  of  officers' quarters  in  an  adobe  building  40  by 
60  feet,  on  the  south  side.  The  water-tank  near  the  river  is  located  on  the  west  side.  In  addition, 
there  is  an  old  log  building  (logs  on  end)  to  the  left  of  the  officers'  quarters  near  the  river,  and  another 
log  structure  of  the  same  character  on  a  line  with  the  men's  quarters,  used  for  offices  for  the  adjutant, 
quartermaster,  and  commissary.  One  of  the  buildings  for  the  men  is  completed  and  occupied  ;  the 
other  is  now  being  roofed.  The  guard-house  lias  a  dirt  roof,  but  requires  a  shingle  roof  also  to 
complete  it.  The  officers'  quarters  consist  of  three  rooms  each  en  suite,  nearly  of  the  regulation 
dimensions.  The  roof  is  double— one  of  dirt  the  other  of  shingles— extended  to  cover  a  piazza  10 
feet  wide  surrounding  the  building.    The  "kitchens  are  in  rear. 

Stoke-houses.— Consist  of  the  commissary,  90  by  35  feet,  and  15  feet  high  ;  shingle  roof,  and 
with  a  capacity  to  contain  supplies  for  two  companies  for  one  year.  Building  in  good  order.  There 
are  also  two  other  old  buildings,  made  of  logs  with  dirt  roofs— one  used  for  issues  of  small  stores 
(canned  fruits.  &c.)  and  barley,  the  other  for  the  storage  of  odds  and  ends. 

Hospital. — The  hospital  buildings  are  located  200  feet  to  the  north  of  the  parade  ground  and 
in  the  rear  of  the  company  quarters.  They  consist  of  ward,  facing  to  the  east,  20  by  39  feet,  built  of 
logs,  stockade  fashion  ;  a  dispensary,  20  by20  feet,  facing  the  south  ;  a  store-room,  11  by  il  feet,  in 
rear,  built  of  adobe.  The  roof  and  floor  of  earth.  A  wide  porch  covered  with  earth  surrounds 
the  building  to  the  east  and  south.  The  kitchen  and  dining-room  arc  in  a  detached  building,  con- 
structed of  poles,  willow  rods,  and  mud,  with  earthen  floor  and  roof;  dimensions  :;i)  by  16  feet. 
The  latrines  are  100  feet  to  the  west  and  rear,  and  are  kept  sweet  by  frequent  coverings  of  earth. 
There  is  also  a  good  cellar  andan  oven.  A  bath-room  and  an  additional  store-room  has  been  built  ou 
the  north  end  of  the  ward.  Capacity  of  ward,  7,800  cubic  feet,  well  ventilated.  Number  of  beds, 
eight.     The  hospital  grounds  are  inclosed  by  a  slight  fence,  thus  securing  privacy. 

Guard-house.— Is  divided  into  three  apartments.  The  front  room  is  used  by  the  guard,  the 
other  two  as  cells  for  prisoners.  All  the  above  buildings,  except  the  hospital,  were  constructed  by 
the  troops,  with  the  aid  of  two  or  three  citizen  carpenters.  Corral  is  located  200  yards  cast  of  the 
commissary,  is  about  eighty  yards  square.     Animals  protected  from  the  weather  by  brush  shelter. 

SUPPLY  DEPOT. — At  Port  Yuma  depot,  California,  three  hundred  miles  distant.  Supplies  are 
carried  up  the  Colorado  River  by  small  stern-wheel  steamers  towing  barges.  This  river  is  easily 
navigable  by  the  class  of  vessels  used  from  the  middle  of  April  until  first  of  November,  but  during 
the  remainder  of  the  year  with  more  or  less  difficulty,  owing  to  the  formation  of  sand-bars  and  shifting 
channel. 

Subsistence. — For  six  months  is  usually  kept  on  hand  for  the  garrison. 

WATER.— The  post  is  bountifully  supplied  with  water  from  flic  Colorado  River  by  a  six-horse 
power  steam  pump,  and  a  tank  capable  of  holding  6,000  gallons,  which  is  conducted  bj  pipes  to  all 
parts  of  I  he  post. 

WOOD.— The  wood  heretofore  has  been  furnished  partly  by  Indians,  partly  by  the  labor  of  the 
t  loops,  and  by  purchase  in  open  market. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  77 

Indians. — A  branch  of  the  Mbjave  tribe,  numbering  bi  tween  2,500  and  3,000,  who  have  never 
been  on  the  reservation  at  La  Paz,  occupy  the  river  bottom  between  the  post  and  the  Needles. 
Hualpais  and  Piutes  also  visit  the  post. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  surrounding  country  is  a  desert,  except  in  the  river 
bottom.  This  bottom,  which  extends  thirty  miles  down  the  river  and  varies  from  one  mile  to  live 
in  width,  is  cut  into  by  sloughs.  In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  these  sloughs  the  Indians  produce 
wheat,  corn,  beans,  and  melons,  but  they  subsist  principally  on  the  mesquite  bean.  All  the  above 
grow  abundantly  after  seasons  of  overflow.  The  overflows  occur  in  May  and  June,  the  river  reaching 
its  highest  point  towards  the  end  of  the  latter  month,  and  are  caused  by  the  snows  melting  in  the 
mountains  to  the  northward.  There  has  been  none  to  speak  of  during  the  last  two  years,  and  the 
grass  and  all  kinds  of  vegetation  dependent  upon  it  an-  very  scant  in  consequence.  The  hay  used 
at  the  post  this  year  will  have  to  lie  hauled  from  thirty-five  to  forty  miles.  The  climate  is  extraor- 
dinarily dry  and  oppressively  hoi  from  the  1st  of  May  until  about  tin'  1st  of  November.  There 
are  two  rainy  seasons, -Inly  and  August,  and  December  and  January;  but,  the  rains  are  few  in 
number  and  small  in  quantity.  The  prevailing  winds  are  from  the  north  and  south,  and  blow  five 
months  each  way,  with  almost  the  regularity  of  the  trade  winds,  interspersed  with  terrific  sand 
storms.  There  are  about  two  months  of  variable  winds  at  the  changes  of  the  seasons.  Sometimes 
alight  scum  of  ice  forms  in  the  winter  on  still  water,  but  infrequently.  The?  post  is  considered 
healthy,  apart  from  the  prostrating  influence  of  the  heat  on  the  system,  and  the  impossibility  of 
procuring  fresh  vegetables  and  fruits  in  proper  quantities.  Troops  should  not  remain  more  than 
two  summers  at  this  post,  and  cannot  do  so  without  permanent  injury  to  the  constitution,  winch  is 
developed  upon  removal  to  a  colder  climate.  Daring  the  month  of  July  the  thermometer  indicated, 
dry  bulb  95.86, wet  bulb81.63,  averagemean.  Highest  point  reached,  ]  IIP.  Animal  mean  tempera- 
ture for  1869 — dry  bulb  73°,  wet  bulb,  71°.     Amount  of  rain,  2  49-100  inches. 


NEW  SAN  DIEGO,  CALIFORNIA. 

(Established  1851.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN   BY   LIEUTENANT   E.   T.   ('.    RICHMOND,   SECOND    ARTILLERY,   UNITED    STA1 
ARMY,  AUGUST,  1870,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude.  32°  40'  13";  longitude  from  Greenwich,  117'  27  20".  Post  -office  in  the 
city  of  New  San  Diego.  To  the  north,  San  Francisco  is  distant  about  five  hundred  and  fifty  miles. 
To  the  south,  Mazatlan  is  distant  about  seven  hundred  and  fifty  miles.  The  harbor  of  New  San 
Diego  is  second  to  none  on  the  Pacific  ('oast,  being  completely  land-locked,  and  containing  a  chan- 
nel twelve  and  a  half  miles  in  length,  and  averaging  nearly  half  a  mile  in  breadth,  with  a  depth 
varying  at  different  points  of  from  twenty  to  fifty-one  feet  at  low  water. 

Quarters. — Barracks  built  of  wood,  Id  by  lot)  feet;  two  and  a  half  stories  high ;  capacity 
for  three  hundred  men.  Kitchen  and  bakery  22  by  100  feet;  zinc.  Laundress  quarters  and  wood- 
shed 20  by  79;  wooden. 

Guard-house. — Guard-house  wooden,  25  by  18  feet. 

Office. — Office  22  by  35  feet ;  wooden. 

Corrals. — Stables,  one  and  a  half  stories,  23  by  -"it  feet,  wooden.  Two  wings  to  stable,  one 
story  each,  14  by  30  feet ;  wooden;  used  for  storing  grain,  &c.  Shed  in  corral  for  animals,  one 
and  a  half  stories,  L'l)  by  35  feet;  wood.     Large  corral. 

HospiTAL.-^-Hospital  built  of  wood;  one  story.  13  by  15  feet. 

Subsistence. — Four  months"  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Supply  depot. — Tin;  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depot  is  at  Wilmington,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  by  water,  hauled  a  short  distance,  and  purchased. 

Wood. — "Wood  is  purchased. 


78  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Indians. — The  nearest  Indians  are  those  on  the  San  Pasqnal  Reservation,  called  Diegans. 

<  JOMMUNICATION. — Once  a  week  by  steamer,  and  tri-weekly  overland  mails  from  San  Francisco, 
and  bi-weekly  to  Tucson  and  points  in  Arizona. 

Reservation. — Town  blocks  Nos.  31  and  39,  and  half  block  No.  18,  in  town  of  San  Diego, 
adjacent  to  barracks,  &c. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  post  is  situated  in  the  town  of  New  San  Diego,  adja- 
cent to  two  wharves  on  the  bay.  San  Diego  contains  a  population  of  about  three  thousand.  The 
surrounding  country  is  rolling  prairie,  and  mountains  within  about  twenty  miles.  Dry  and  parched 
seasons  are  prevalent,  but  in  seasons  when  there  is  rain  the  land  is  found  to  be  singularly  produc- 
tive. There  is  plenty  of  timber  in  the  mountains,  distant  about  twenty  miles,  where  also  within  a 
distance  of  titty  miles  excellent  gold  mines  have  recently  been  discovered.  San  Diego  Town  is  the 
prospective  terminus  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  is  handsomely  situated  and  rising  in 
importance. 


( !AMP  THOMAS,  ARIZONA  TERRITORY. 
(Established  1S70.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  LIEUTENANT  MOSES  HARRIS,  FIRST  CAVALRY,  DECEMBER,  1870,  THE  ACTING 

ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  and  longitude  unknown.  Post  situated  one  hundred  miles  nearly  north 
of  Camp  Grant,  Arizona  Territory,  near  the  White  Mountains,  on  White  Mountain  River.  Post- 
office  at  Camp  Bowie,  Arizona  Territory,  about  one  hundred  and  eighty  miles  distant.  The  nearest 
town  is  Tucson,  Arizona  Territory,  about  two  hundred  and  thirty  miles  distant. 

Quarters. — Quarters  in  course  of  construction  for  two  hundred  men.  Twenty  buildings  18 
by  2<)  feel:  11  feet  high;  built  of  logs,  with  board  roofs.  Kitchens  and  mess-rooms,  none  built. 
Contemplated:  Three  separate  buildings,  each  20  by  (SO  feet,  11  feet  high,  to  be  built  of  one-iuch 
lumber.  Laundresses"  quarters,  none  built.  Contemplated  :  One  for  each  laundress,  18  by  20  feet, 
11  feet  high,  to  be  built  of  logs,  with  board  roof.  Officers' quarters,  none  built.  Contemplated  : 
Nine  sets,  each  two  rooms  is  by  20  feet ;  11  feet  high;  separated  by  a  hall  ten  feet  wide.  Kitchens, 
separate  buildings  in  rear,  10  by  is  feet;  11  feet  high;  all  to  be  built  of  logs,  with  board  roofs. 
Quartermaster's  office  is  by  20  feet;  11  feet  high;  built  of  logs,  with  board  roof.  Adjutant's  office 
to  be.  of  the  same  dimensions  and  material. 

Store-houses. — In  course  of  construction  two  quartermasters',  one  21  by  loo  feet,  11  feet 
high  ;  one  21  by  75  feet,  11  feet  high;  both  stockade  of  logs,  with  board  roofs.  One  for  subsistence 
stores,  2i  by  100  feet;  11  feet  high;  same  material  as  the  quartermaster's;  capacity  for  supplies 
for  four  companies  for  one  year. 

Hospital. — The  hospital  is  at  present  in  tents.  Plan  for  permanent  one  not  yet  determined 
upon. 

(lUARD-HOUSF,. — In  course  of  construction,  of  logs,  18  by  20  feet  ;  11  feet  high,  with  board 
roof.  Prisou-room  attached;  stockade  of  logs  ;  is  by  is  feet;  9  feet  high  ;  covered  with  logsj 
and  a  board  roof. 

MAGAZINE. — None  built;  plan  not  yet  determined  upon. 

Corral,  &c. — One  corral  in  course  of  construction,  L20  bj  I80feet;  '.Meet  high;  built  of 
one-inch  lumber;  divided  by  two  partitions,  making  three  corrals,  each  (JO  by  120  feet,  with  a  shed 
all  around  the  inside  of  each  corral  ;  capacity  for  two  troops  of  cavalry,  and  seventy-live  animals 
of  the  Quartermaster's  Department. 

SUPPLY  DEPOT. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depol  IS  at  Tucson,  Arizona 
Territory,  two  hundred  and  thirty  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  over  a  wagon  road  via 
old  Camp  Goodwin,  Arizona  Territory.  Supplies  can  be  transported  from  the  Lst  of  Maj  bo  the 
Lsl  of  January.     II  is  not  vet  known  whether  they  can  be  transported  at  other  seasons  or  not. 

Subsistence. — No  definite  instructions  have  as  yet  been  received  as  to  the  amount  to  be  kept 
on  hand. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  .MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  79 

Water. — The  White  Mountain  River,  which  runs  within  200  yards  of  the  post,  supplies  the 
garrison  with  plenty  of  excellent  water. 

Wood. — There  is  an  abundance  of  wood  close  at  hand,  which  is  supplied  by  the  labor  of  the 
troops. 

INDIANS. — The  nearest  Indians  are  the  <  Soyotero  Apaches,  in  whose  country  the  post  is  located. 

Communication. — Between  the  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon  road  and  trail. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  has  not  yet  been  declared  by  the  President,  but  the  following 
is  reserved  by  instructions  received  from  Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the  Pacific  :  Starting 
at  the  point  of  intersection  of  the  boundary  Viet  ween  New  .Mexico  and  Arizona  with  the  south  edge  of 
the  Black  .Mesa,  and  following  the  southern  edge  of  the  Black  Mesa  to  a  point  due  north  of  Sombrero 
or  Pluinoso  Butte  ;  thence  due  south  to  said  Sombrero  or  Plumoso  Butte;  thence  in  the  direction 
of  the  Picache  Colorado  to  the  crest  of  the  Apache  Mountains,  following  said  crest  down  the  Salt 
River  to  Pinal  Creek  ;  and  thence  up  the  Pinal  Creek  to  the  top  of  the  Pinal  Mountains  ;  thence 
following  the  crest  of  the,  Pinal  Range  to  the  Cordilleras  de  la  Gila,  the  Almagra  Mountains,  and 
other  mountains  bordering  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Gila  River  to  the  New  Mexico  boundary  near 
Steeple  Bock  ;  thence  following  said  boundary  north  to  its  intersection  with  the  south  edge  of  the 
Black  Mesa,  the  starting  point. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  surrounding  country  is  mountainous.  Soil,  red  clay. 
The  valleys  are  extremely  fertile.  Corn  and  most  kinds  of  vegetables  are  raised  with  but  little 
labor.  The.  hills  and  valleys  are  covered  with  line  grass,  which  affords  excellent  grazing  for 
animals  nine  months  in  the  year.  There  is  an  abundance  of  good  pine  timber  in  the  vicinity  of  tin- 
post.  The  climate  is  mild  during  the  summer,  with  no  extreme  heat.  During  the  months  of  July 
and  August  rain  falls  nearly  every  day.  The  winter  climate  is  as  yet  unknown.  Health  of  locality 
unknown,  but  supposed  to  be  good.  A  good  wagon  road  has  been  constructed  by  the  troops  to 
the  Zuni  Villages,  New  Mexico,  distant  about  one  hundred  and  ten  miles,  which  gives  communi- 
cation with  Fort  Wingate,  New  Mexico,  about  one  hundred  and  sixty  miles  distant,  and  Santa 
Fe,  New  Mexico,  about  three  hundred  miles. 


CAMP  VERDE,  ARIZONA  TERRITORY. 

(Formerly  Camp  Lincoln.  Established  in  the  spring  of  1864  by  order  of  Captain  John  S.  Mason, 
Seventeenth  United  States  Infantry,  brigadier  general  of  volunteers,  commanding  the  district, 
its  location  at  that  time  being  about  five  miles  south  of  the  present  site.  In  the  spring  of  1866 
it  was  changed  to  its  present  locality,  and  in  consequence  of  there  being  two  posts  of  the  same 
name  in  the  department  or  division,  it  was  changed  to  that  of  Verde.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  W.  HARVEY  BR<  >W.\.  CAPTAIN  TWENTY-FIRST 
UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY,  .111. V  29,  1*70,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICE);  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — In  latitude  34°  35'  north;  longitude,  112°  west,  in  the  valley  of  the  Rio  Verde, 
about  three  hundred  yards  from  the  same,  upon  a  mesa  or  table  land,  and  about  half  a  mile  from 
the  juctiou  of  the  Verde  with  Beaver  Creek,  which  is  below  the  site.     Altitude,  3,500  feet.     Posl 
office  at  Prescott,  the  nearest  town,  distant  forty  miles. 

Quarters. — There  are  two  adobe  buildings  100  by  28  feet:  shingle  roofs ;  no  floors;  well 
ventilated  and  lighted;  wanned  by  two  open  chimneys  in  each  barrack:  foundations  of  stone  are 
completed  for  the  mess-rooms  anil  kitchens,  but  at  the  present  time  troops  are  compelled  to  take 
their  meals  in  their  quarters.  The  temporary  kitchens  are  small  stockade  structures,  about  12  by  <> 
feet,  covered  with  shelter  tents.  Officers'  quarters:  Those  occupied  are  built  of  logs  and  adobes, 
but  are  imperfect  and  not  suitable,  consequently  most  of  the  officers  are  living  in  tents. 

Store-houses. — There  are  none  at  the  post,  although  large  foundations  are  completed  for  the 
same.  At  present  the  stores  are  kept  in  one-half  of  the  barrack  room  before  mentioned.  The 
bakery  is  built  of  adobes,  covered  with  shingles;  very  complete  in  its  arrangements,  Inning  a  baking 


80  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

capacity  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  rations.  Smith  and  wheelwright  shops;  stockade  buildings 
covered  with  boards. 

Hospital. — The  hospital  is  built  of  adobes,  shingle  roof,  not  plastered,  96  feel  long,  with  a 
ward  35  by  :.'.'!  feet,  and  four  rooms  and  kitchen,  13  by  17  feet  each,  that  are  used  for  dispensary, 
store-room,  dining-room,  and  surgeon's  quarters — the  steward  occupying  a  tent  near  by. 

Guardhouse. — The  guard-house  is  built  of  adobes,  30  by  24  feet,  in  two  apartments,  covered 
with  board,  though  not  secure  from  leakage. 

Supply  depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depot  is  at  Fort  Yuma.  California, 
distant  six  hundred  miles.  The  mute  of  supply  is  by  water  from  San  Francisco  to  La  Paz,  thence 
by  wagon  road  two  hundred  and  twenty-two  miles. 

Subsistence. — Ninety  days'  supplies  required  to  be  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  with  drinking  water  from  a  spring  by  wagons,  distant  half  a 
mile;  for  washing,  cooking,  &c,  from  the  Verde  River;  it  is  also  used  in  the  winter  season  for 
drinking. 

"\\'(>oi>. — Wood  is  furnished  by  labor  of  the  troops,  and  consists  principally  of  drift-wood. 

Indians. — The  nearest  Indians  are  the  Tonto  Apaches,  Coyoteros,  Moquis,  (Pueblo,)  and  they 
are  scattered  in  wandering  bands,  except  the  last  mentioned. 

Communication. — Prescottis  the  nearest  town,  distant  forty  miles.  It  is  also  the  nearest 
post-office. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  any 
order  known  to  the  post  commander,  the  only  information  he  has  received  being  from  an  enlisted 
man  of  Company  C,  Twenty-first  Infantry,  who  assisted  Lieutenant  Wilson,  of  the  Engineer  Depart- 
ment, in  this  survey.  This  man  states  that  the  survey  was  made  three  miles  square.  In  addition 
to  this,  a  reservation  for  a  post  garden  on  Clear  Creek,  five  miles  south  of  the  post,  two  and  a  half 
miles  long  and  half  a  mile  wide,  was  surveyed.  The  lines  or  corners  on  each  survey  were  properly 
Staked  off  and  marked  U.  S.  P.,  though  there  is  no  map  or  record  at  the  post  referring  to  either. 

DESCRIPTION  OP  COUNTRY,  &C. — In  a  beautiful  valley,  with  the  Rio  Verde  and  Leaver  Creek 
passing  through  the  same;  surrounding  country  mountainous;  soil  of  a  sandy  nature ;  pasture  iu 
abundance;  timber  plenty,  such  as  pine,  walnut,  ash,  oak,  cotton  wood,  sycamore,  &c,  within  five  miles 
of  the  post.  Considerable  corn,  barley,  &c,  raised  in  the  vicinity  in  river  bottom.  Liver  fordable 
at  all  seasons,  and  never  known  to  be  dry,  as  most  others  are  in  this  Territory,  at  certain  seasons. 
Climate  mild,  generally  warm  -during  summer  months.  Thermometer  from  August,  1869,  to  July 
1870,  inclusive,  aggregate  62°.63;  extreme  heat,  1L~>  ;  extreme  cold,  23°.  Hygrometer  for  same 
period — aggregate,  53°.S3;  extreme  heat,  100°;  extreme  cold,  22°.  Quantity  of  rain  for  same 
period,  -1.91  inches.  The  rainy  season  is  from  July  1  to  September  1.  Health  of  the  valley  excel- 
lent.   Three  persons  are  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits. 


FORT  WHIPPLE,  ARIZONA  TERRITORY. 

(Established  May  is,  1866.) 

DEFORMATION   FURNISHED    i:\     LIEUTENANT    COLONEL     FRANK    WHEATON,   TWENTY  FIRST   UNITED 
STATES  INFANTRY,  JULY,  1870,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  34c  29'  <<"  north:  longitude,  112°  ::<!'  30"  west.  Post  office  at  Prescott, 
two  miles  distant.    The  post  was  originally  located  December  21,  1863,  twenty-two  miles  northeast 

of  present  site,  near  Postal's  Lanch. 

Quarters. —  For  two  companies  of  cavalry  and  one  of  infantry,  built  of  log  pickets  and  mud; 
are  generally  rotten  and  in  wretched  condition.  The  roofs  arc  shingled  ;  mud  and  stone  fireplaces. 
Officers'"  quarters  built  of  log  pickets  and  pine  slabs ;  many  have  dilapidated  shingle  roofs  ;  several 
roofed  with  slabs  in  the  rainy  season  are  almost  untenable — i  these  are  now  being  shingled.)  The 
buildings  al  the  post  were  condemned  by  the  military  division  inspector  in  1869.      Lour  slab  shall- 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  81 

ties  have  since  been  constructed  to  meet  (lie  absolute  requirements  of  the  garrison.    The  general 
plan  and  arrangements  of  the  buildings  at  the  post  are  had. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster's,  78  by  18  feet;  mud  floor.  Commissary,  128  by  18;  mud 
floor.  Capacity  for  supplies  for  three  companies  for  twelve  moni  us ;  built  of  log  pickets  set  upright 
and  shingled.    Quartermaster's  granary,  50  by  24  feet :  capacity,  400,000  pounds  of  grain. 

Hospital. — Built  of  hewn  logs,  and  shingled,  consisting  of  lour  rooms,  used  as  dispensary, 
surgeon's  and  steward's  rooms,  and  with  two  attached  buildings,  one  dining-room,  kitchen,  laundry, 
and  store  room,  and  one  ward  capable  of  holding  twenty  four  beds.  Hospital  is  about  halt  a  mile 
from  the  post,  and  was  originally  built  for  and  occupied  by  the  district  commander. 

Guard-house. — Built  of  logs  and  mud,  shingled,  consisting  of  guard-room  26  by  21  feet,  and 
prison-room  27  by  20  feet — a  very  badly  constructed  and  badly  located  building. 

Corral. — Quartermaster's  built  of  logs  set  endways;  in  wretched  condition  ;  nearly  every  log 
rotten,  and  easily  removed.  All  the  buildings  are  leaky,  and  should  be  replaced  by  habitable  ones; 
indeed,  a  new  corral  in  another  location  should  lie  built. 

Supply  depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster's  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  Yuma,  on 
the  Colorado  River.  Supplies  are  sent  from  Yuma  Depot  via  La  Paz,  on  the  Colorado  River,  and 
Camp  Date  Creek  by  wagon  road,  land  transportation,  one  hundred  and  eighty-two  miles.  Dis 
tance  from  Yuma  to  La  Pa/,  three  hundred  and  twenty-two  miles  by  Colorado  River,  (contract.) 

SUBSISTENCE. — Nine  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  Granite  Creek  by  water-wagons. 

Wood. — Is  furnished  by  contract;  until  recently  by  labor  of  troops.  Average  contract  price 
of  wood,  $4  50  per  cord. 

Indians. — Apaches  of  the  Pinal  and  Tonto  and  Apache  Mojave  tribes,  who  commit  frequent 
depredations  in  the  vicinity. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town,  Frescott,  two  miles  distant,  is  by  wagon. 

Reservation.— Initial  point,  a  point  south  11°  40'  53"  east,  22.35  chains  from  post  hospital ; 
and  south  25°  .'38'  7"  west,  58.8 1  chains  from  adjutant's  office ;  from  this  point  north  40°  40'  7"  east, 
215  chains;  thence  north  88°  13'  53"  west,  190  chains;  thence  south  40=  40'  7'  west,  215  chains; 
thence  south  88°  IS'  53"  east,  190  chains,  to  the  point  of  beginning,  being  2,888  acres,  more  or  less, 
(as  announced  in  General  Orders  No.  01,  from  Headquarters  Department  of  California,  dated 
October  5,  1S09.) 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  post  is  beautifully  located  in  a  mesa  in  a  canon  through 
which  Granite  Creek  runs.  Post  surrounded  by  hills.  Pine  timber  plenty.  Government  saw-mill 
in  excellent  pinery  five  miles  from  post.  This  is,  in  general  terms,  an  arable  country,  though 
cultivation  is  not  generally  remunerative  unless  irrigation  is  practicable.  Corn  and  grain  are 
raised  in  favorable  seasons,  though  frequent  droughts  occur.  Farmers  think  they  will  raise  half 
as  much  this  year  as  in  1809.  On  the  2d  of  June  there  was  a  damaging  frost,  and  on  the  24th  of 
same  month  a  slight  frost.  Fall  frost  is  expected  by  the  10th  of  September.  Grass,  grama  and 
upland.  Average  price  of  corn  or  barley  in  1809,  7f  cents  per  pound.  Average  contract  price  of 
hay,  $36  per  ton.  Dry  weather  prevails,  but  frequent  showers  fall  during  the  months  of  July  and 
August.  Climate  mild:  summers  generally  delightful;  winters  very  variable.  Average  temper- 
ature— thermometer,  52° ;  hygrometer,  48°.  Health  of  locality  excellent.  Country  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  post  settled  by  ranchmen  of  limited  means. 


YUMA  DEPOT,  ARIZONA  TERRITORY. 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  CAPTAIN*  G.  P..  DANDY.  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER,  united  states  army. 

SEPTEMBER,  1870. 

Location.— Latitude,  32°  32' ;  longitude,  114°  30'.     Post-office  at  Arizona  City,  one-fourth  of 
a  mile  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

QUARTERS. —  For  the  officer  in  charge,  one  building  45  by  32  by  14  feet;  built  of  adobe  :  walls 
11 


82  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

three  feet  thick ;  shingle  roof;  in  good  condition.  Kitchen  30  by  16  by  L2  feet;  built  of  adobe; 
walls  three  feet  thick;  shingle  roof;  in  good  condition.  Walls  of  these  buildings  protected  by 
shingle  shed. 

Store-houses. — One  building  121  by  H>.;  feet,  14  feet  high,  divided  into  three  rooms,  two 
31  by  121  each;  the  other  4L  by  121  feet.     Separate  shingle  roots  over  each. 

Corral. — Corral  built  of  adobe,  240  feet  long  on  the  north  side,  210  feet  on  the  east  side. 
Walls  12  feet  high,  18  inches  thick. 

Supply  depot. — This  is  the  supply-depot  for  the  Territory  of  Arizona. 

Subsistence. — Six  months'  supply  for  the  Territory  kept  on  hand. 

WATER. — The  depot  is  supplied  from  the  Colorado  River  by  means  of  a  steam-pump  and  tank, 
built  of  stone,  24A  by  12£  feet.  Prom  this  tank  water  is  distributed  through  iron  pipes  to  all  parts 
of  the  depot. 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  the  employes. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Yumas,  Mojaves,  and  Cocopas. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  depot  is  situated  has  been  surveyed  and  marked 
by  durable  posts.     A  plat  and  description  of  the  same  are  in  the  possession  of  the  officer  in  charge. 

Description  of  country,  &o. — Surrounding  country  hilly.  Soil  (rock  and  land)  not 
arable.    No  timber.    No  vegetables  or  grain  can  be  raised.     Climate  exceedingly  hot  in  summer. 


FORT  YUMA,  CALIFORNIA. 

(Established  in  1852.) 

^FORMATION  GIVEN  BY  CAPTAIN  R.  C.  PARKER,  TWELFTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1870, 

THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — At  confluence  of  Colorado  and  Gila  Rivers.  Latitude,  32°  23'  3" ;  longitude, 
111°  30'  9".  Height  above  sea-level,  355  feet.  Post-office  at  Arizona  City,  Arizona  Territory,  on 
the  opposite  bank  of  the  Colorado  River. 

QUARTERS. — The  commanding  officer's  quarters  is  a  building  34  by  50  feet,  isolated,  and 
surrounded  by  verandas;  well  ventilated  and  commodious.  The  officers'  row  consists  of  one 
double  house  55  by  43  feet,  intended  more  especially  for  families;  also  three  similar  double 
houses,  43  by  39  feet,  for  single  officers,  and  are  in  like  manner  good,  and  need  but  slight 
repairs.  The  quarters  for  the  enlisted  men  consists  of  two  sets,  with  room  for  two  hundred  meu. 
They  are  commodious  one-story  buildings  of  adobe,  with  walls  three  feet  in  thickness,  inclosing  an 
air-space,  and  neatly  plastered ;  ceiled  above,  floored  beneath ;  thoroughly  ventilated  ;  metal 
roofed;  and  surrounded  by  broad  verandas.  A  cellar  extends  beneath  one  of  the  entire  set  of 
quarters.  The  laundresses'  quarters  are  comfortable  adobe  buildings,  with  board  floors;  are  in 
good  locations.     They,  as  also  the  company's  quarters,  need  slight  repairs. 

Store-houses.— Quartermaster's,  44  by  148  feet;  commissary  and  medical  purveyor's  com- 
bined, 40  by  81  feet,  with  a  board  partition  running  through  the  center  of  the  building;  similar  in 
construction  to  the  company  quarters. 

Hospital. — The  hospital  is  38  by  84  feet ;  one-story  (12  feet)  high  ;  like  other  buildings  of  the 
post,  made  of  adobe;  metal-roofed;  entirely  surrounded  by  an  open  awning;  admirably  located, 
and  well  adapted  for  the  purpose.  Divided  into  two  large  wards,  dispensary,  store-room,  steward's 
room,  and  bath-room.  Capacity  of  rooms:  East  ward  is  IS  by  30  feet;  area,  67^  feet;  air-spare 
per  bed,  810  feet.  West  ward,  .".0  by  40  feet  ;  area,  12:1  feet  ;  air  space  per  lied.  L.600  feet.  Store- 
room 8  by  12  feet,  furnished  with  shelves.  Steward's  and  bathrooms  about  the  size  of  the  store- 
room.    The  building  needs  some  repairs. 

Guard-house. — An  adobe  building, 41  by  23  feet ;  has  a  basement  extending  under  a  portion 
of  it,  which  is  partitioned  off  into  cells  4  by  8  feet,  with  the  ground  for  a  floor.  Being  below  the 
surface  of  the  ground,  these  cells  are  badly  ventilated,  and  that  only  from  above.  A  large  room 
directly  over  these  cells  is  used  for  ordinary  prisoners.  The  building  is  in  poor  condition,  and 
needs  repairs. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  83 

Corral. — Corral  is  built  of  logs;  contains  a  long  shed  or  shelter,  under  which  are  tied  all 
the  animals  belonging  to  the  post.  The  roof  of  the  shed  is  of  logs  and  arrow-brush.  It  is  in  poor 
condition,  and  needs  considerable  repairing. 

Supply-depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster's  and  subsistence  depot  is  distant  about  a  quarter 
of  a  mile — Yuma  Depot,  Arizona  Territory.  The  route  for  supplies  is  across  the  <  'olorado  River  by 
ferry,  and  can  be  transported  all  seasons  of  the  year 

Shops,  &C. — Carpenter's,  blacksmith,  and  paint  shops.  A  one-story  adobe  building,  27  by 
114  feet;  is  little  used  and  needs  repairs*  The.  bake-house  is  a  one-story  adobe  building,  2 0  bj  38 
feel  ;  in  constant  use  and  in  good  condition. 

Arsenal. — A  one-story  adobe  building,  22  by  32  feet;  has  aboard  floor;  one  window;  con- 
tains a  small  quantity  of  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores,  &c.,  and  is  in  good  condition. 

Magazine. — An  underground  room,  distant  from  the  guard-house  75  feet,  with  stone  walls  G 
feet  thick  ;  board  floor;  perfectly  dry  and  safe.  It  has  double  doors,  the  outside  one  of  iron,  and 
securely  locked. 

Engine-house. — A  one-story  adobe  building,  23  by  24  feet;  contains  a  good  engine  and  pump 
complete,  which  supplies  water  in  abundance  for  the  entire  post. 

Subsistence. — A  reserve  supply  of  two  months  always  on  hand,  of  the  components  of  the 
ration  ;  also  a  good  supply  of  canned  fruits,  vegetables,  &c,  for  sales. 

Water. — The  post  is  well  supplied  with  water  from  the  Colorado  River  by  the  stationary 
steam-engine,  which  pumps  the  reservoir  full  everyday.  Pipes  running  underground  lead  from 
the  reservoir  to  every  building  at  the  post. 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

Indians. — The  nearest  are  the  Yumas,  about  five  hundred  in  number. 

Communication. — Between  this  post  and  nearest  towns,  except  Arizona  City,  Arizona  Territory, 
is  by  stage,  twice  a  week. 

Reservation. — On  the  north  side  of  the  river.  On  the  north  by  an  east  and  west  line  at  a 
point  three  miles  due  north  of  the  flag-staff.  On  the  south  of  the  Colorado  takes  in  Yuma  Depot, 
Arizona  Territory,  and  so  much  of  the  land  commencing  on  the  south  bank  of  the  river  100  feet 
below  the  line  of  the  cable  of  the  ferry,  and  running  due  south  300  feet,  and  thence  due  east  to  the 
Gila  River. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Surrounding  country  in  immediate  vicinity  of  the  post  is 
low  and  flat.  Soil  sandy  and  full  of  alkali ;  not  arable.  Timber  scarce;  mesquite  and  cotton  wood 
on  the  flats  and  along  the  banks  of  the  Colorado  river.  No  vegetables  can  be  raised.  The  experi- 
ment has  been  often  tried  and  as  often  failed.  The  soil  of  the  adjoining  flats  contains  too  much 
alkali,  and  there  are  no  facilities  for  irrigation.  Streams  rise  during  the  latter  part  of  May  caused 
by  the  snow  melting  in  the  mountains  of  Nevada.  Climate  very  warm  during  summer  months. 
Average  temperature  for  May,  June,  and  July,  1870.  Thermometer,  dry  bulb,  91.50;  wet  bulb, 
85.3.     Health  of  locality,  good. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


POSTS   DESCRIBED. 


Alcatraz,  Fprt,  California. 
Angel  Island,  California. 
Benicia  Barracks,  California. 
Bidwell,  Camp,  California. 
Gaston,  Camp,  California. 
Halleck,  Camp,  Nevada. 
Independence,  Camp,  California. 


McDennit.  Camp,  Nevada. 

Point  Sim  Jos6,  <  !alifornia. 

Presidio  of  Sao  Francisco,  California. 

Winfield  Scott,  (amp,  Nevada. 

Wright,  Camp,  California. 

Ynki  Buena  Island,  California. 


FORT  ALCATRAZ,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIFORNIA. 

(Established  1859.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  FIRST   LIEUTENANT  JAMES  E.  EASTMAN.  SECOND  ARTILLERY,  SEPTEMBER, 
1870,  ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Harbor  of  San  Francisco.  The  city  of  San  Francisco  is  about  four  miles  distant, 
the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  three  hundred  men,  frame  built,  in  good  condition.  Officers'  quarters  in 
citadel,  in  good  condition. 

Hospital. — In  citadel,  consisting  of  four  apartments.  One  of  the  apartments  used  as  a 
dispensary,  office,  and  steward's  room;  two  for  wards,  capacity  for  sixteen  beds;  and  one  foi 
store-room. 

Guard-house. — Guard-house  built  of  brick;  in  good  condition. 

Store-houses. — Commissary  store-house  40  by  20  feet ;  quartermaster's  store-house,  three 
rooms,  10  by  10  feet. 

Supply  depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  arc  at  San  Francisco, 
California.  The  supplies  are  sent  by  quartermaster's  steamer  General  McPherson,  and  by  schoon- 
ers and  sloops. 

Subsistence. — Two  mouths'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  by  contract. 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  contract. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  San  Francisco  is  by  quartermaster's  steamer  General 
McPherson. 

Description. — Harbor  of  San  Francisco,  California. 


ANGEL  ISLAND,  CALIFORNIA. 

(Established  September  12,  1863.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN     BY    FIRST    LIEUTENANT    JOHN     I..    VIVEN,    REGIMENTAL    QUARTERMASTER 
TWELFTH   INFANTRY,  ACTING   ASSISTANT    QUARTERMASTER    \M>    ACTING  COMMISSARY   SUBSIST 

ENCE. 

Location. — Latitude,37c  18' north;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  L22°  26'.     Post-office  at  San 
Francisco,  five  miles  distant.    Nearest  settlements  i<>  Camp  Reynolds,  the  post  headquarters,  are 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  85 

Old  aud  New  Saucelito,  about  three  miles  west;  Alcatraz  Island,  two  and  a  half  miles  southwest  ; 
Fort  Point,  three  and  three-quarter  miles  south-southwest;  Presidio  of  San  Francisco,  three  and 

live-eighth  miles  southwest  by  south;  San  Francisco,  five  miles  southwest;  and  to  Camp  Blunt, 
which  is  situated  on  southeastern  portion  of  island.  The  nearest  settlements  are  Alcatraz  Island, 
one  and  three-quarters  miles  west  ;  Verba  Buena  island,  three  and  five-eighths  miles  south  by  east  ; 
Oakland,  six  and  three-eighths  miles  southeast. 

Quarters. — At  Camp  Reynolds  the  quarters  consist  of  two  wooden  barracks,  built  in  1864, 
for  one  hundred  men;  floors  are  in  poor  condition,  and  require  frequent  repairs.  Officers'  quarters 
consist  of  one  set  for  the  commanding  officer,  and  six  sets  of  two  rooms,  with  kitchen  to  each,  in 
three  houses,  built  of  wood;  condition  good.  The  married  soldiers'  quarters  are  two  double 
cottages,  with  two  rooms  and  attic  in  each  set;  condition  good.  One  of  the  sets  is  occupied  by  the 
ordnance  sergeant  of  the  post;  the  remaining  three  sets  by  married  soldiers  and  their  wives. 
More  buildings  are  required  for  them.  At  the  present  time  there  are  twenty  here,  ten  occupying 
tents.  A  large  and  new  barrack  is  required  for  the  recruits  at  depot,  two  buildings  now  occupied 
by  them  beiug  mere  shells  of  houses,  requiring  frequent  repairs,  and  belonging  to  the  Engineer 
Department.  There  being  no  offices  at  the  post,  one  of  the  sets  of  rooms  is  occupied  as  an  office 
for  the  commanding  officer  aud  adjutant.  The  quarters  at  Point  Blunt  consist  of  one  wooden 
barracks  for  seventy-five  men,  in  good  condition.  Officers'  quarters  for  one  captain  aud  two 
subalterns,  in  good  condition. 

Store-houses. — For  quartermaster  and  commissary,  there  are  none.  A  building  of  wood, 
built  by  the  Ordnance  Department,  is  used  for  the  purpose.  It  is  two  stories  high,  45  by  21  feet  ; 
first  story  6J  feet  from  floor  to  ceiling;  second  story  1-  feet  from  floor  to  eaves;  condition  good  ; 
capacity  for  supplies  for  three  companies  for  sixty  daj  s.  It  would  be  better  if  an  additional  build- 
ing could  be  had,  so  as  to  separate  the  departments. 

Hospital. — Built  of  wood;  shingle  roof;  erected  in  1869;  all  in  excellent  order,  and  built 
according  to  plan  of  April  27,  1867,  from  Surgeou  General.  Accommodates  fourteen  beds. 
Central  building  two  stories,  35  by  36  feet;  one  ward  45  by  25  feet;  one  story  high;  15  feet  from 
floor  to  eaves;  21  feet  in  clear  from  floor  to  ridge;  divided  into  ward,  bath-room,  and  water-closet. 
Central  building  divided  into  dispensary,  office,  dining-room,  kitchen,  and  morgue  on  lower  floor, 
and  live  rooms  on  upper  floor. 

Guardhouse. — Built  of  wood;  shingle  roof;  in  good  condition;  divided  into  guard-room, 
prison-rooms,  and  four  cells.     One  of  the  rooms  used  by  commissary  for  a  flour  room. 

Bake-house. — Built  of  wood,  49  by  17  feet ;  shingle  roof;  capacity  for  baking  1,600  rations; 
condition,  poor — requires  new  floor  and  other  repairs. 

W<  iRK-SHOPS. — Built  of  wood  ;  board  and  shingle  roofs  ;  in  good  condition.  Carpenter's  shop 
I'd  by  35  feet;  S  feet  from  floor  to  eaves.  Blacksmith  shop  18  by  24  feet ;  8  feet  from  floor  to  eaves. 
Harness  shop  12  by  10  feet;  8  feet  from  floor  to  eaves;  one-half  of  this  room  used  as  a  granary. 

Stables. — Built  of  wood;  shingle  roof ;  requires  a  few  repairs;  has  seventeen  stalls,  each  9 
by  5  feet,  with  a  loft  for  the  storage  of  hay  aud  straw,  and  an  ambulance  shed. 

Boat-houses.— At  Camp  Reynolds  and  Point  Blunt,  40  by  18  feet;  built  of  wood;  in  good 
condition,- excepting  the  piles  upon  which  the  one  at  Camp  Reynolds  is  built.  These  have  been 
badly  worm-eaten,  and  will  soon  require  to  be  replaced. 

AVharves. — The  wharf  at  £amp  Reynolds  isl75  by  .">1  feet,  with  an  addition  of  51  by  20  feet: 
in  poor  condition;  dangerous  and  requires  considerable  repairs.  A  new  and  more  substantial  one 
should  be  constructed,  running  out  forty  feet  farther  into  the  bay.  The  wharf  at  Point  Blunt  is 
100  by  50  feet;  in  good  condition.     Both  wharves  are  built  of  wood. 

Chapel.— The  old  hospital  on  the  northwest  of  island  has  the  ward.  24  by  24  feet,  fitted  up 
as  a  chapel,  with  twenty  benches  to  accommodate  two  hundred  persons.  Booms  on  the  east  end 
occupied  by  the  chaplain  as  a  studio,  and  the  quarters  (three  rooms  and  kitchen)  occupied  by  him 
as  quarters.     Condition  of  buildings,  good. 

Cemetery. — Cemetery  on  the  hill,  about  500  yards  southeast  of  officers'  quarters,  with  an  area 
of  75  by  120  feet:  contains  thirty-two  graves.  Grounds  inclosed  with  picket  fence,  and  in  good 
order. 


86  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Supply  detot. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  San  Francisco,  five 
miles  distant.     The  route  of  supply  is  by  water.     Supplies  transported  by  Government  steamer. 

Subsistence. — Two  months'  supply  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is.  supplied  with  water  from  springs,  and  brought  into  the  houses  by  pipes 
for  drinking  purposes.  For  laundry  and  police  purposes,  water  is  pumped  and  hauled  from  springs 
near  the  beach.  At  Point  Blunt  the  water  is  procured  from  some  springs  near  the  beach.  In 
summer  time  the  water  supply  is  scant,  in  winter  ample  for  all  purposes,  and  is  of  good  quality. 

Forage,  wood,  AND  coal. — These  articles  arc  supplied  upon  contract  by  parties  residing  in 
San  Francisco,  and  are  delivered  at  the  wharf  by  small  sail-vessels. 

Communication. — Between  the  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  water,  on  Government  steamer, 
on  alternate  days. 

Reservation. — The  whole  island  is  a  reserve,  having  no  occupants  outside  the  garrison,  except 
a  man  named  O'Donnell,  who  has  charge  of  a  quarry  on  the  east  side,  and  is  employed  by  the  Naval 
Department;  and  in  the.  garrison  a  man  named  Higgins,  exercising  the  privilege  of  trader  by 
permission  of  commanding  general  Department  of  California. 

Description  op  island,  &c. — Angel  Island  is  one  of  the  largest  islands  in  the  Bay  of  San 
Francisco,  fronting  the  Golden  Gate,  being  separated  from  the  mainland  by  Raccoon  Straits.  In 
1839  the  island  was  granted  by  Governor  Miguel  Toreno  to  Antonio  Osio,  by  order  of  the  supreme 
government  of  Mexico,  "to  enable  respectable  citizens- to  have  possession,  ami  prevent  its  being- 
made  a  rendezvous  by  smugglers."  On  12th  September,  1803,  Lieutenant  John  L.  Tiernou,  Third 
United  States  Artillery,  took  possession  of  the  island  for  military  purposes  on  behalf  of  the  United 
States,  establishing  Camp  Reynolds  in  an  irregular  depression  between  three  hills,  which  is 
situated  on  the  western  extremity,  the  site  being  800  by  1,000  feet.  Quarters  were  built  in 
1864 — the  officers'  on  the  one  slope,  and  those  of  the  men  on  the  other.  The  island  is  about  one 
mile  square,  with  abrupt  shores,  and  consists  of  a  series  of  hills,  rising  from  a  height  of  50  to  820 
feet  in  its  central  part,  having  only  a  small  portion  at  all  level  in  its  surface,  being  a  small  portion 
of  the  eastern  extremity  near  Point  Blunt  and  the  quarry,  which  are  used  as  camping  grounds  for 
troops  while  passing  San  Francisco  en  route  to  other  posts  in  the  Division  of  the  Pacific.  The  soil 
is  in  parts  fertile,  and  the  climate  mild  and  pleasant.  The  prevailing  winds  are  westerly.  Laurel 
and  oak  timber  on  the  hills.  There  are  three  gardens  on  the  island,  and  the  usual  vegetables  are 
raised.  Mean  annual  temperature,  01°,  with  extremes  of  40°  and  S2°  F.  There  are  evidences 
of  mineral  wealth  upon  the  island  of  silver  and  gold.  During  the  excavation  for  building  the  new 
hospital  last  summer,  the  remains  of  Indians  and  Indian  cooking  utensils,  as  also  ornaments,  were 
found,  showing  that  this  island  had  been  inhabited  by  the  red  man  many  years  ago. 


BENICIA  BARRACKS,  CALIFORNIA. 

(Established  1850.) 
information  given  by  lieutenant  george  w.  mckee,  ordnance  DEPARTMENT,  UNITED  STATES 

ARMY,  JUNE,  1870,  THE  ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  .'iso  2' 1"  north;  longitude  from  Washington,  45°  7'  30"  west.  Post- 
office  at  Benicia,  one  mile  distant. 

Quarters. — Eight  buildings,  30  by  71  feet  each;  kitchen  15  by  is  feet  attached  to  each;  for 
eight  companies;  one  21  by  00  feet,  containing  eight  rooms,  one  22  by  117  feet,  containing  sixteen 
looms,  have  been  used  as  quarters  for  laundresses;  one  17  by  30  feet,  containing  two  looms,  has 
been  used  as  quarters  for  non-commissioned  officers.  All  built  of  wood,  are  without  furniture,  and 
require  extensive  repairs.  I'm-  officers:  three  buildings  35  by  48J  feet,  two  stories  high,  containing 
each  two  sets  of  quarters;  kitchen  I'.i.1,  by  25  feel  attached  to  each  set;  one  25  by  10  feci,  one  10  by 
46  feet,  one  30  by  80  feet — containing  each  two  sets  of  quarters.  All  built  of  wood,  with  the 
exception  of  the  kitchens,  (I'.M,  by  25,)  which  arc  of  stone;  require  repairing.  <  >ne  34  by  50  feet, 
built  of  wood,  has  been  used  as  offices;   requires  repairing. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  87 

Store-houses. — One  building  25 by  80  tret;  one  and  a  half  stories  high  ;  capacity  for  subsist- 
ence supplies  for  eight  companies  for  three  months ;  built  of  wood ;  requires  repairing.  One  15 
by  30  feet,  16  feet  high  :  capacity  for  forage  and  straw  for  one  company  (if  cavalry  for  six  months; 
built  of  wood;  in  good  condition. 

Stables. — One  building  36  by  160  feet,  22  feet  high  ;  capacity  for  one  company  of  cavalry; 
built  of  wood;  in  good  condition. 

Hospital. — Built  of  stone,  Lit  by  71  feet;  one  and  a  half  stories  high;  containing  two  wards, 
capacity  each  for  eight  beds;  and  two  wards,  capacity  each  for  four  beds.  Building  of  stone,  :<> 
by  45  feet,  attached  on  the  west  side,  containing  live  rooms,  used  as  dispensary,  office,  steward's 
quarters,  store-room,  and  bath-room.  Attached  to  this  is  a  building  of  wood,  containing  two  rooms, 
used  as  mess-room  and  kitchen;  in  very  good  condition. 

Guard-house. — Built  of  wood,  26  by  51  feet;  requires  repairing. 

Supply  depots. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  San  Francisco, 
California.     The  route  of  supply  is  by  river.     Supplies  can  be  transported  all  seasons  of  the  year. 

WATER. — Water  is  obtained  from  a  well  in  the  quartermaster's  grounds,  and  from  cisterns,  of 
which  there  is  one  under  the  building  used  as  offices,  one  under  two  of  the  officers'  quarters,  one 
under  the  hospital,  and  one  under  one  of  the  men's  quarters,  from  which  part  of  the  year  rain  water 
is  obtained.  During  a  very  dry  season  the  supply  of  water  is  only  sufficient  for  one  company  of 
cavalry.     If  necessary,  water  can  be  purchased. 

Wood. — None  within  the  limits  of  the  post.  Wood  can  be  purchased  in  or  near  Benicia  at  a 
reasonable  rate. 

Communication  between  post  and  nearest  town  (Benicia)  is  by  wagon. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  Benicia  Barracks  are  situated  contains  00. 78  acres. 

Description  of  country,  &C. — Surrounding  country  rolling.  The  principal  products  are 
wheat,  barley,  and  hay.  Timber  is  scarce.  Rains  during  the  months  from  November  to  May. 
Climate  mild,  generally  cool;  heavy  northwest  winds  prevail  during  the  summer  months.  Average 
temperature,  (J0°  F.     Health  of  locality  good.     The  country  around  is  settled. 

General  REMARKS. — Benicia  Barracks  has  not  been  occupied  by  troops  for  the  last  two 
years.  Wood,  forage,  and  straw  can  be  obtained  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post  at  market  rates.  Other 
quartermaster's  and  subsistence  supplies  are  provided  for  by  the  depots  at  San  Francisco, 
California. 


CAMP  BIDWELL,  CALIFORNIA. 

(Established  18(i5.) 

INFORMATION    FURNISHED  BY    LIEUTENANT    THOMAS  GARVEY,  FIRST    CAVALRY,  ACTING  ASSISTANT 

Ql    \i;  I  ERMASTER. 

Location. — Latitude,  41°  51'  34";  longitude  from  Greenwich,  120°  5'  50".  Post-office  at  the 
post.     Valley  settled.     Lake  City,  about  sixteen  miles  distant,  nearest  town. 

Quarters. — For  two  companies,  built  of  logs  ;  in  good  condition.  Officers'  quarters,  four  ;  in 
good  condition.     All  the  quarters  are  covered  with  shingles. 

Store-house. — Quartermaster  and  commissary,  100  by  30  feet,  and  20  feet  high;  capacity  for 
supplies  for  two  companies  for  nine  months  ;  built  of  boards  and  covered  with  shingles.  A  gran- 
ary 40  by  30  feet,  and  20  feet  high  :  condition  poor,  requiring  frequent  repairs. 

Hospital. — Built  of  logs  and  covered  with  shingles,  consisting,  on  north  side,  of  one  apartment, 
17  by  23  feet,  and  used  as  a  dispensary  and  steward's  room.  On  the  south  side  is  an  apartment, 
10  by  23  feet,  and  used  as  a  kitchen  and  dining-room.  Between  the  north  and  south  rooms  is  an 
apartment,  22  by  20  feet,  and  used  as  a  ward-room;  capacity  for  six  beds. 

Guard-house. — Built  of  logs;  condition  good.  Cavalry  and  quartermaster's  corrals  built  of 
logs ;  condition  poor. 

Supply  depot. — The.  nearest  supply  depot  is  San  Francisco,  California,  distant  about  five 


88  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

hundred  and  thirty-five  miles.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  rail  from  San  Francisco  to  Reno,  Nevada, 
thence  by  wagon  to  Camp  Biclwell.     Supplies  can  be  forwarded  only  during  the  summer  months. 

Subsistence. — Nine  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  creeks  running  from  the  mountains. 

Wood. — Is  supplied  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

INDIANS. — The  nearest  tribes  are  the  Klamaths,  Snakes,  and  Pah-utes. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  never  been  declared  by  the 
President.     One  mile  square  is  held  as  reserved. 

Description  op  COUNTRY,  &C. — Surrounding  country  hilly.  Soil  loamy.  Timber  plenty; 
pine  on  the  mountains.  Grain  and  the  usual  summer  vegetables  can  be  raised  all  through  the  valley. 
The  valley  is  sixty  miles  in  length,  from  north  to  south,  and  three  large  lakes  (alkali)  in  it.  Streams 
rise  in  the  winter  during  rains,  but  fall  soon  after.  Climate  warm  during  summer.  Average  tem- 
perature— thermometer,  4'J°.04;  hygrometer,  44°.0G.     Health  of  locality  good.     Valley  settled. 


CAMP  GASTON,  CALIFORNIA. 

(Established  1858.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  LIEUTENANT   JOHN  J.  SHEPHEARD,  TWELFTH    UNITED   STATES    INFANTRY, 
JULY,  1870,  ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude, 41°  10'  north  ;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  123°  15'  west.  Post  office  at 
the  post.     Areata,  about  forty  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — Per  two  hundred  men,  built  of  logs  and  frame;  in  poor  condition.  Officers' 
quarters,  six :  three  built  of  logs  and  one  of  frame  in  good  condition,  and  two  of  logs  in  poor  con 
dition  ;  require  frequent  repairs. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster's,  none.  Commissary,-.'')  by  50  feet,  14  feet  high.  Capacity 
not  sufficient  for  supplies  for  two  companies  for  one  year.     Roof  made  of  shingles. 

Hospital. — Hospital  built  of  logs  and  frame.  Ward-room  for  patients,  27  by  24  feet;  built 
of  logs,  and  roof  of  shingles;  capacity  for  sixteen  beds.  One  apartment  built  of  frame,  17  by  PS 
feet,  used  as  a  dispensary,' office,  and  steward's  room:  roof  made  of  shingles.  One  apartment  27 
by  9  feet,  at  the  south  side,  used  as  a  kitchen  and  store-room  ;  built  of  frame,  and  roof  made  of 
shingles. 

Guard-house,  stables,  &C. — Guard  -house  built  of  hewn  logs.  Quartermaster's  corral  and 
stables  built  of  logs.  One  building  adjoining  used  as  granary;  built  of  frame;  roof  made  of 
shingles ;  condition  poor. 

Supply  depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  San  Francisco, 
California,  three  hundred  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  water  and  pack  trail,  and 
transportation  can  only  be  made  during  the  summer  season. 

Subsistence. — Nine  months'  supply  required  to  be  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  from  two  mountain  streams,  taken  through  the  garrison  in 
various  artificial  streams  or  ditches. 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

INDIANS. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Trinity  and  Klamath  Digger  tribes. 

Communication. — Between  pest  and  nearest  town  is  by  trail. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  is  one  mile  north  and  south,  and 
from  Trinity  River  to  loot  of  mountain  east  and  west. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  COUNTRY,  &C — Surrounding  country  mountainous.  Soil  gravely,  arable. 
Timber  plenty ;  oak,  pine,  and  fir.  Corn  and  the  usual  summer  vegetables,  except  potatoes,  can 
be  raised  on  the  bottoms  near  the  river.  Crass,  timothy,  or  oat  hay.  River  can  be  forded  at  low 
water  tor  about  two  months  in  the  year.  Streams  rise  during  heavy  rains,  ami  fall  gradually  ;  are 
never  dry.  Climate  mild;  intensely  hoi  during  the  summer  months.  Average  temperature — ther- 
mometer, r>7.1~>;  hygrometer,  50.71.      Health  of  locality  good.     No  settlements. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OP  .MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  Si) 

CAMP   HALLECK,    NEVADA 

(Established  18(37.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN    BY  LIEUTENANT  JOHN  C.  THOMPSON,  THIRD   UNITED  STATES  CAVALRY,  JULY, 
L870,  THE  ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude, 40°  18'  45"  north  ;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  115°  19' 34"  west.  Altitude, 
5,671feet.  Magnetic  variation,  16°  21' 24"  east.  Elko,  distant  thirty  miles,  the  nearest  town.  A 
few  settlers  scattered  in  the  vicinity  of  the  camp. 

Quarters. — For  two  hundred  men.  One  built  of  logs,  in  poor  condition;  and  one  of  adobe. 
in  good  condition.  Officers'  quarters,  four ;  three  built  of  adobe  and  one  frame;  condition  good. 
All  the  quarters  at  the  post  are  badly  ventilated. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster's,  45  by  I'd  feet;  sj,  feet  high.  Commissary,."")  by  20  feet; 
capacity  for  supplies  for  two  companies  for  three  months  ;  roofs  shingled  ;  buildings  of  logs,  and  in 
bad  condition.  The.  commissary  and  quartermaster's  store  houses  are  one  building,  partitioned  in 
the  middle,  and  is  not  by  one-half  large  enough  for  the  proper  storage  of  quartermaster  and  subsist- 
ence stores. 

Granary. — Built  of  adobe;  shingle  roof;  capacity  for  400,000  pounds  of  grain;  condition 
good;  outside  measurement,  .v.i  by  2IA  feet;  height  of  walls,  8  feet. 

Hospital. — Built  of  adobe.  42  by  52  feet  :  one  story  high,  consisting  on  the  west  of  two  rooms, 
30  by  24  feet,  and  12  by  24  feet :  the  former  a  ward -room,  and  the  latter  a  ward-room  attendant's  room, 
separated  by  a  four-foot  ball  from  four  rooms.  On  theeast,a  dispensary  15  by  24  feet,  steward's  room 
15  by  12  feet,  store-room  15  by  12  feet,  and  mess-room  12  by  21  feet.  The  hospital  walls  are  S4  feet 
high  ;  roof  shingled. 

Guard-house. — Frame  building;  shingled  roof;  cells,  six  in  number,  built  of  three-inch  plank 
bolted  with  iron  ;  condition  good.  Cavalry  and  quartermaster's  stables,  frame,  well  ventilated  and 
in  good  condition. 

Supply  depot. — The  nearest  is  San  Francisco,  California.  The  route  of  supply  is  from  San 
Francisco  to  Ilalleck  Station,  Nevada,  by  rail,  and  thence  to  ('amp  Halleck  by  Government  teams. 
Condition  of  road  from  Camp  Ilalleck  to  the  station  bad  ;  distance,  twelve  miles. 

Subsistence. — Three  months''  supply  of  provisions  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  by  acequia  from  a  spring  at  foot  of  mountains. 
Length  of  acequia,  two  miles.  In  the  spring  season,  from  the  melting  of  snows  in  the  mountains, 
a  large  stream  of  water  runs  convenient  to  the  camp  until  about  the  month  of  July.  The  acequia 
was  built  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

Wood. — Is  furnished  by  contract.     Trice  per  cord,  810  in  gold  coin. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Shoshoues — peaceable  tribe. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town,  Elko,  is  by  wagon  road. 

RESERVATION. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  built  has  not  been  declared. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Surrounding  country  hilly.  Soil  black.  No  timber.  Barley, 
potatoes,  and  usual  vegetables  can  be  raised.  Grass,  rye,  and  bottom.  Climate  during  summer 
months  extremely  warm  ;  winters  severe.  Average  temperature — thermometer,  66°.70  F. ;  hygrom- 
eter, 12°.72.     Health  of  locality  good.     No  settlements. 


CAMP  INDEPENDENCE,  CALIFORNIA. 

(Established  1865.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  LIEUTENANT  W.  E.  DOVE,  TWELFTH  UNITED  STATES  INFANTRY,  JULY,  1-70. 
THE  ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 
Location.— Latitude,  36°  50';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  117°  30' west.     The  United  States 
mail  is  left  at  the  post.     Independence,  the  county  seat,  is  three  miles  south  of  the  post. 

QUARTERS. — For  one  hundred  men;  built  of  adobe.     Company  quarters  95  by  30  feet;  heighi 
of  walls,   !l   feet:  roof,  wood  and  shingles;  building  in   good   condition,  and*  supplied   with  two 
12 


90  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

ventilators.  .V  portion  of  the  building  lias  been  set  off  as  a  reading-room,  27J-  by  14  feet.  Com- 
manding officer's  quarters  lis  by  .50  feet,  and  M  feet  high;  kitchen,  &c,  attached.  Officers'' 
quarters  40  by  j4  feet;  height  of  walls,  7  feet.  Surgeon's  quarters  32  by  28  feet;  walls  10  feel 
high;  office,  bed-room,  &c.,, in  the  rear.  Adjutant's  office  14  by  30  feet;  height  of  walls,  7  feet ; 
room  in  rear  10  by  14  feet.  Lauudresses'  quarters,  three;  built  of  adobe,  20  by  35  feet,  and  8  feet 
high  ;  buildings  not  good. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster's,  one  9.~>  by  ■"-*»  feet,  and  !i  feet  high,  of  which  quartermaster's 
office  occupies  -Ti  by  1  .">.',  feet.  Attached  to  main  building  is  a  wing  51  by  23£  feet,  used  as  a 
saddler-shop,  butcher-shop,  and  for  storing  quartermaster's  property;  obi  commissary  building, 
adobe;  west  end  destroyed  by  a  great  windstorm  in  January  last;  present  dimensions,  80  by  L".> 
feet  ;  is  used  for  a  guard-house,  carpenter-shop,  and  for  storage. 

Hospital. — Built  of  adobe,  consisting  on  south  side  of  two  apartments — one  15  by  15  feet, 
used  as  a  dispensary  and  office;  the  other,  21|  by  21^  feet,  for  award,  with  capacity  tor  live 
beds.  North  side,  two  apartments — one  21£  by  10  feet,  used  as  a  kitchen;  the  other  15£  by  15A 
feet,  used  as  a  store  room  and  steward's  room. 

DlNING-ROOM  AND  KITCHEN. — Built  of  adobe,  I'll  by  OUfeet;  height  of  Wall,  lloVth  side,  14 
feet;  south  side,  10  feet.     The  kitchen  occupies  20  by  Hi  feet  of  west  end  of  building. 

Bakery  and  oven. — Built  of  adobe,  Hi  by  111  feet;  height  of  wall  north  side,  12  feet:  south 
side,!)  feet;  is  located  on  east  end  of  company  diuing-hall.  The  oven  is  made  of  adobe,  and  by 
outside  measurement  9J  by  7i  feet,  and  8  feet  high. 

Guard-house. — Built  of  adobe;  is  the  center  portion  of  the  old  commissary  building,  24T22 
by  27  feet;  height  of  Avail,  9  feet.  There  is  one  room  fur  ordinary  prisoners  10  by  8  feet,  and  (I  feet 
high  ;  cell  8  by  5^  feet,  and  7  feet  high,  constructed  of  two-inch  planks  well  bolted  with  iron. 

Workshops. — Carpenter-shop,  built  of  adobe,  on  cast  of  old  commissary  building,  29  by  27 
feet,  and  9  feet  high,  in  good  condition.  Blacksmith-shop,  built  of  adobe,  on  east  end  of  corral 
shed,  29^  by  L'o.i  feet ;  height  of  wall,  9  feet;  in  good  condition. 

Shed  and  cokral. — Shed  built  of  adobe,  104  by  10  feet,  and  •;>  feet  high;  is  in  good  order. 
Small  sleeping-shed  for  herder  on  east  end,  10  by  7  feet.     Corral  inclosure  100  by  104  feet. 

Garden. — Twenty-five  acres  inclosed.  Land  rich,  and  capable  of  supplying  ten  companies 
if  thoroughly  worked.     Crops  can  only  be  raised  by  irrigation.     Wafer  abundant  for  the  purpose. 

Supply-depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depot  is  at\Viliuington,  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  300  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  wagon-road.  With  rare  exceptions, 
supplies  can  lie  transported  at  all  seasons  of  the  year. 

Subsistence. — Nine  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  of  excellent  quality.  It  comes  from  the  Sierra 
Nevada  Mountains,  west  of  the  camp,  abundantly. 

Wood. — Is  obtained  in  the  mountains,  eight  miles  from  the  post,  and  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Are  numerous.  At  present  they  are  peaceable,  and  even  friendly.  They  are  a 
branch  of  the  I'ah-ute  tribe,  but  are  generally  called  here  the.  Cosos. 

COMMUNICATION. — For  three  hundred  miles  iii  any  direction  all  communication  has  to  be  by 
wagon  or  on  horseback. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.  One  mile  square  is  held  as  reserved.  Also,  two  square  miles  of  timber-land  in  the 
mountains,  and  two  square  miles  of  grass-land  in  the  plain  southeast  of  the  post.  The  latter  is 
not  of  much  value. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  valley  in  which  Camp  Independence    is  located  is 

somewhat  level,  but  higher  on  the  Siena  or  western  edge  than  on  the  Coso  or  eastern  side,  The 
stream  known  as  Owens  River  runs  through  the  entire  length  of  it,  and  empties  itself  in  Big  Lake, 
or  Owens  Lake.  The  soil  is  sandy,  lint  arable.  No  timber  lo  be  seen,  except  high  up  the  Sierra 
Nevada  .Mountains.  Grain  and  vegetables  can  be  raised  in  abundance  through  many  portions  of 
the  valley.  Grass  plentiful,  and  of  the  kind  known  as  river  bottom.  Climate  dry  and  very  health}  . 
During  the  summer  months  the  climate  is  quite  warm.  Average  temperature  during  the  year — 
thermometer,  58°.2;  bygrometer,  49°.70.  The  valley  is  being  rapidly  sen  led.  There  are  valuable 
mines  being  worked*  on  both  sides  of  the  mountains;  hence  this  region  isdestined  to  future  import- 
ance. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  «)) 

CAMP  McDEBMIT,  NEVADA. 

(Established  1865.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  LIEUTENANT  L.  WIGHTMAN,  THIRD  UNITED  STATES  CAVALRY,  SEPTEMBER, 
1-fii,  THE  ACTING   ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

LOCATION.— Latitude, 41°  58'  ."."  north;  longitude,  117°  45'  west.  Altitude,  4,700  feet  above 
sea  level.     Winnemucca,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement,  about  eighty  miles  distant. 

Quarters. — Officers'  quarters,  three;  built  of  stone,  with  shingle  roofs;  in  good  condition. 
Two  buildings'  for  men's  quarters,  built  of  stone  and  rooted  with  shingles  ;  walls  poorly  made.  One 
building  is  103  by  24  feet,  and  the  other  106  by  24  feet. 

Hospital. — Hospital  34  bj  28  feet,  containing  three  rooms — ward,  dispensary,  and  kitchen. 
The  ward  is  18  by  -l\  feet ;  capacity  for  six  beds.  Dispensary,  1U  by  13  feet.  Kitchen,  10  by  L3 
feet.    The  building  is  constructed  of  stone,  with  shingle  roof,  and  in  good  condition. 

Store-houses. — One  building  75  by  34  feet  is  used  for  commissary  and  quartermaster's  store- 
house. It  is  8  feet  high  at  the  coiners,  built  of  stone,  and  rooted  with  shingles.  The  walls  are 
very  poor  and  require  propping.  Capacity  for  supplies  for  one  company  for  one  year.  There  is  one 
frame  building  for  forage,a  room  in  one  end  being  used  for  adjutant's  office.  Capacity  for  300,000 
pounds  of  grain,  aside  from  the  room  used  for  adjutant's  office. 

Stables. — Two  stables.  One  is  184  by  28  feet,  built  of  stone  apd  roofed  with  shingles,  and 
poorly  constructed.  The  other  is  147  by  32  feet,  is  a  frame  building,  and  poorly  constructed.  No 
quartermaster's  corral,  except  a  temporary  one  between  the  stables.  Commissary  corral  80  by  80 
feet,  built  of  logs  in  stockade  form. 

Guard-house. — The  guardhouse  is  built  of  stone.  All  the  buildings  at  the  post  are  one- 
story. 

Supply  depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  San  Francisco, 
California.  Transportation  by  railroad  to  Winnemucca,  eighty  miles  from  the  post,  and  then  by 
wagons.     Supplies  can  be  transported  at  all  seasons  of  the  year. 

Subsistence. — Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

WATER. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  Queen's  River,  which  runs  through  the  post. 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  contract,  and  is  very  scarce. 

Indians. — The  nearest  Indians  are  the  Pah-Utes,  who  are  fed  at  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  ami  the  nearest  town  is  by  wagon. 

Reservation The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  is  two  miles  square,  but  there 

is  a  discrepancy  between  the  plat  and  the  description. 

Description  of  COUNTRY,  &C. — The  surrounding  country  is  mountainous,  except  the  bottom 
land  adjoining  the  river,  and  plains  covered  with  sage-brush  lying  adjacentto  the  bottom  lands.  A 
good  country  for  stock,  but  poor  for  grain.  Climate  mild,  and  very  dry  during  the  summer  months. 
Average  temperature — thermometer,  51°. 47  ;  hygrometer,  43°.7<>. 


POINT  SAX  JOSK,  CALIFORNIA. 

(Established  1803.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN    BY  LIEUTENANT  R.  E.  De  RUSSY,  SECOND  ARTILLERY,  JULY,  1870,  THE  ACTING 

ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— In  the  limits  of  the  city  of  San  Francisco.  Latitude,  37°  48'  north  ;  longitude.  122° 
21'  west.     Post-office,  San  Francisco,  California. 

QUARTERS.— For  one  hundred  and  fifty  men.  The  barracks  consist  of  two  rectangular  frame 
buildings,  nearly  similar  in  construction,  both  weather-boarded,  with  shingle  roofs.     One  is  lined 


92  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  .MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

with  smoothly  grooved  boards,  and  is  ventilated  from  the  roof;  the  other  has  no  ventilation  except 

from  the  doors  and  windows.  These,  buildings  are  'M)  by  •'>(>  feet,  and  one  story  high.  There  are 
two  small  frame  buildings  32  by  24  feet,  weather-boarded,  occupied  by  the  laundresses  of  the  post. 
They  are  one  and  a  half  stories  high  and  are  divided  into  four  rooms  each.  There  are  four  build- 
ings used  as  officers'  quarters.  They  are  all  frame,  weather-boarded,  with  shingle  roofs.  Three 
are  lathed  and  plastered  and  in  good  condition;  the  other  is  lined  with  boards;  leaks  badly,  and 
the  timber  is  rotten  and  giving  away  in  many  places,  so  much  so  that  the  building  has  settled 
nearly  one  foot  on  one  side.  A.11  these  buildings  were  erected  by  citizens  before  the  Government 
took  possession,  and  at  a  time  when  timber  was  both  scarce  and  high  in  price,  so  that  the  material 
of  which  they  were  constructed  was  of  very  inferior  quality.  The  buildings  that  are  now  in  good 
condition  have  been  almost  entirely  reconstructed  by  the  Government.  The  largest  and  be; 
these  quarters  are  occupied  by  the  department  commander. 

Stobe-HOUSE. — Commissary,  quartermaster,  and  ordnance  store-rooms,  adjutant's  office,  and 
quartermaster's  offices,  are  in  one  frame  building  30T75  by  106^  feet,  weather-boarded,  with 
shingle  roof.  The  adjutant's  ami  quartermaster's  offices  are  lathed  and  plastered;  the  other  rooms 
have  only  the  weather  boarding  in  good  condition.  Capacity  of  commissary  store-room,  three 
months'  supply  for  two  companies.     This  building  is  one  story  high. 

Hospital. — Frame  building  32J  by  36J  feet,  weather  boarded,  shingle  roof,  divided  into  four 
divisions — one  used  as  a  dispensary,  one  as  a  kitchen,  and  two  as  wards.  The  buildingis  one  story 
high,  and  in  good  condition. 

OrARD-HOUSE. — Frame  building  48  by  IS  feet,  weather-boarded,  shingle  roof,  divided  into 
three  divisions — first,  a  room  for  the  prisoners;  second,  a  room  for  the  guard:  third,  four  cells,  4  by 
7  feet  each.     This  building  is  one  story  high,  and  in  good  condition. 

Supply  depot. — The  post  is  supplied  from  the  quartermaster  ami  commissary  of  subsistence 
depots  at  San  Francisco.  Supplies  brought  to  post  by  wagons.  Eoads  good  all  seasons  of  the 
year. 

Subsistence. — Three  months'  supply  is  generally  kept  on  hand. 

Watee. — The  post  is  abundantly  supplied  with  good  water,  free  of  cost,  by  means  of  pipes 
communicating  with  the  works  of  the  Spring  Valley  Water  Company. 

WOOD. — Wood  is  furnished  by  the  depot  quartermaster  at  San  Francisco,  California. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  city  is  both  by  wagon  and  steamer. 

Eeservation.— The  reservation  of  Point  San  Jose,  California,  was  first  reserved  for  Govern- 
ment uses  by  President  Fillmore  in  1851,  hut  was  not  occupied  by  troops  until  1863,  when  this  post 
was  established.  The  area  swept  by  a  radius  of  800  yards  from  a  rock  at  the  extreme  i^\u[  of  the 
promontory  upon  which  the  post  is  situated,  is  held  as  a  reservation. 

Description. — City  of  San  Francisco,  streets  running  up  to  line  of  reservation. 


PRESIDIO  OF  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CALIFORNIA. 

(Established  1847.) 

INFORMATION    FURNISHED    BY  LIEUTENANT    .1.    H.  LOKD,    REGIMENTAL    QUARTERMASTER    SECOND 

ARTILLERY,  JUNE,  1870. 

Location. — Latitude,  37°  48' ;  longitude,  122°  21'.  Post-office  al  San  Francisco,  California, 
I  In  it  miles  from  post. 

Officers'  quarters. — Twelve  cottages  31  by  18  feet,  bath-room  and  water-closet  attached ; 
and  one  frame  building  114  by  32  feet,  with  wing  44  by  30  feet,  three  stories  liigh  :  divided  into 
thirty  nine  looms. 

BARRACKS. — Nine  frame  buildings  for  nine  hundred  men. 

Laundresses' quarters.— Eight  frame  buildings  <i'.»  by  27  feet,  divided  into  eighl  rooms 
each.  One  frame  building 90  by  28  led,  divided  into  twelve  rooms.  One  frame  building  45  b,\  .".7 
feet,  two  stories  high,  divided  into  sis  rooms.    One  adobe  building   160  by  29  feel,  divided  into 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  93 

eighteen  rooms.  One  adobe  building  87  by  55  feet,  divided  into  fourteen  rooms.  One  adobe  build- 
ing to  by  26  feet,  divided  into  three  rooms.  One  adobe  building  60  l>,v  !'•">  feet,  divided  into  three 
rooms. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster's  and  commissary  store-house  L10  by  30  feet:  frame,  with 
foundation  built  of  brick  piers;  capacity  for  supplies  for  nine  companies  for  three  months.  For 
grain,  one  frame  building  0G  by  24  feet.  One  guu-shed,  with  ordnance  store-room  in  loft  :  frame; 
17-")  by  •".<)  feet.    One  frame  building,  51  by  18  feet,  for  storage  of  hard-wood  lumber. 

Work-shops. — <  >ne  wheelwright  and  blacksmith's,  80  by  30  feel :  frame.  One  frame  building 
o0  by  2!>  feet,  divided  in  center,  making  two  company  blacksmith-shops. 

Stables,  &c. — Two  frame  buildings  215  by  •"><»  feet,  eighty-seven  stalls  each,  and  small  lolt  for 
forage.     One.  mule-shed.  430  by  16  feet,  frame. 

Hospital. — Frame,  SO  by  10  feet,  with  L  35  by  22  feet :  two  stories  high,  and  brick  basement. 
Four  wards  40  by  22  feet,  and  11  feet  high;  capacity  for  lifty  beds  each.  A  prison  ward  L'O  bj  15 
feet,  and  10  feet  high.     Library  room  and  dispensary. 

Miscellaneous  buildings. — One  frame  building  36  by  30  feet,  adjutant's  office.  One  frame 
building  45  by  ■'!(>  feet,  chapel.  One  frame  building  30  by  18  feet,  school-house.  One  frame-  build- 
ing 40  by  30  feet,  two  stories,  guard-house.  One  frame  building  28  by  23  feet,  magazine.  One 
frame  building  i'J  by  L8  feet,  bake-house. 

Supply  depot. — San  Francisco,  California,  three  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by 
wagon  road. 

Subsistence. — Two  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  by  water-wagons,  and  pipe  from  the  Tunnel  Spring, 
about  :_',.'!<•!•  feet  from  reservoir. 

WOOD. — Wood  is  furnished  by  the  contractor. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon. 

RESERVATION. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  been  declared  by  the  Presi- 
dent, and  1,520  acres  are  held  as  reserved. 

Description  op  country,  &c— Surrounding  country  hilly ;  foil  sandy.  Where  sheltered, 
all  kinds  of  vegetables  can  be  raised.  Timber  and  water  scarce.  Climate  mild.  Fogs  prevail  the 
greater  part  of  the  year.     Average  temperature,  53.14.     Health  of  locality  good. 


CAMP  WINFIELD  SCOTT,  NEVADA. 

(Established  December  12,  1866.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    P.Y   CAPTAIN    ('.   C.    C.  CARR,    FIRST   CAVALRY,  JULY,    1870,   THE   COMMANDING 

OFFICES  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  41°  30';  longitude,  117°  .".(»'.  Mails  for  the  command  are  brought  to  the 
post  by  a  tri-weekly  stage.     Nearest  town  is  Winnemucca,  forty-five  miles  distant. 

QUARTERS. —  For  one  hundred  men,  built  of  adobe:  shingle  roof;  board  ceiling :  one-half  of 
the  building  not  floored  or  ceiled.  Officers'  (punters:  One  house  completed  ;  one  habitable,  but 
not  floored  or  ceiled;  the  other,  the  walls  partly  constructed;  all  of  adobe,  made  by  contract,  and 
of  excellent  quality. 

Store-iioises. — Quartermaster's,  45  .by  25  feet :  walls  7  feet  high;  building  made  of  sods, 
placed  in  a  slick  frame,  with  roof  thatched  with  rye  straw-.  It  is  impossible  to  state  correctly  the 
capacity  of  the  building,  as  it  is  unsafe  for  any  kind  or  quantity  of  property.  The  walls  are  in  a 
falling  condition,  and  the  roof  liable  to  take  tire  from  any  Hying  spark.  The  same  remarks  as  to 
condition  and  capacity  are  applicable  to  the  subsistence-storehouse,  which  is  I'd  by  (i-'i  feet. 

HOSPITAL.— Built  of  rough  stone,  with  thatched  roof,  and  is  :!1  by  18  feet:  is  used  for  sick- 
ward,  kitchen,  steward's  room,  and  dispensary.  No  arrangements  for  proper  ventilation.  The 
ceiling  is  about  six  and  a  half  feet  above  the  floor. 


94  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

(I  i  aim)  house. — Built  of  rough  stone,  with  thatched  roof;  is  26  by  I'.»  feet,  and  very  insecure. 
A  temporary  cell  was  constructed  last  month. 

Stables. — Cavalry  and  quartermaster's  stables  are  built  of  willow  and  Cottonwood  sticks,  and 
thatched  with  straw.     Both  of  them  arc  liable  to  take  fire  at  any  time. 

Supply  depot.  — Supplies  are  drawn  from  San  Francisco,  California,  and  are  transported  to 
within  forty-five  miles  of  the  posl  by  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad. 

Subsistence. — Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  ou  hand. 

Water. — Is  furnished  by  a  mountain  stream,  which  runs  through  the  post. 

Wood. — [s  furnished  under  contract.  Price  this  year  for  best  quality  of  hard  wood,  $21  75 
per  cord. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Pah-Utes. 

Communication. —  Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  triweekly  stage  over  a  good  road. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  bj  the 
President.     About  four  square  miles  held  as  reserved. 

Description  op  country,  &c. — The  post  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  Hie  Santa  Rosa  Mountain 
range,  on  the  west  side,  and  near  the  head  of  Paradise  Valley,  which  is  said  to  contain  some 
40,000  acres  of  arable  land,  well  watered.  No  timber,  and  no  fuel  except  sage  brush.  Some  large 
and  well-tilled  ranches  in  the  valley.  Number  of  settlers  probably  two  hundred.  Grass,  wild  rye, 
blue  joint,  and  red  top.  Vegetables  of  all  kinds  can  be  produced.  Climate  healthy,  and  the 
temperature  even  and  seasonable,  so  far  as  I  know  by  my  own  experience.  Average  temperature 
unknown — the  usual  records  not  having  been  kept. 


CAMP  WRIGHT,  MENDOCINO  COUNTY,  CALIFORNIA. 
(Established  December,  185S;  abandoned  September,  L861;  re-established  December.  1862.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  FIRST  LIEUTENANT  A.  B.  MacGOWAN    TWELFTH  INFANTRY,  JULY.  1870,  THE 
ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  39°  48';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  133°  4.V.  Post-office  at  Covelo,  a 
newly  established  village,  about  one  mile  from  the  post.  Ckiab,  the  county  seat,  is  fifty-five  miles 
south  of  post. 

Qjl  ARTERS. — For  one  hundred  men,  built  of  adobe,  in  good  condition.  Officers'  quarters, 
three;  one  built  of  brick,  in  good  condition:  two  of  logs,  in  poor  condition — leaky,  and  requiring 
frequent  repairs.  Four  laundresses' quarters,  18  by  12feet  each;  frame  building;  in  tolerably  good 
condition. 

Store-holtses. — Quartermaster  and  commissary  store-house  in  one  building,  7(i  by  26  feet; 
walls  1()  feet  high;  open  roof;  half  frame,  half  logs;  requires  frequent  repairs.  Capacity  for 
supplies  for  two  companies  for  one  year.  Building  subdivided,  and  part  used  for  a  grain-room ; 
capacity  for  three  months'  supply  of  grain. 

Hospital. — A  frame  building,  in  good  condition,  40$  by  28^  feet  at  north  end,  and  KP,  feel  at 
south  end.  One  ward  at  south  end  20  by  L6  feet,  dispensary  in  center  !>  by  L3  feet.  Office  at  north 
end,  Hi  by  s  feet  ;  hallway  three  feet  wide  between  dispensary  and  office,  leading  to  kitchen  and 
mess  room  and  store  room  on  northwest  side  of  building,  and  to  the  ward  at  right  angles  between 
kitchen  and  dispensary.     Capacity  of  ward-room  for  five  beds. 

(Ii  ARD-HOUSE,  &C- — ( 1  nard  house,  school  house,  and  mess-room  for  company,  built  of  logs. 
Cook-house  adjoining  mess-room:  frame  building,  in  good  condition.     The  log  buildings  are  all  in 

I i  condil  ion.     ( larpenter-shop,  blacksmith-shop,  and  saddle  and  harness  rooms  Twill  of  slabs  ;  in 

poor  condition,  requiring  frequent  repairs.     Bake-house — frame  building,  in  good  condition. 

SUPPLY  DEPOT. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  supply  depot  is  at  San  Francisco, 
( ialifornia.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  steamer  to  Petaluma,  and  thence  by  wagon  to  Camp  Wright. 
Supplies  can  only  be  transported  during  the  dry  season — say  June,  July,  August,  September, 
October,  and  sometimes  November. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OP  MILITARY  POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  95 

Subsistence.— One  year's  supply  is  required  to  be  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  by  wells  during  eight  mouths  of  the  year,  and  during  the  remain- 
ing four  months  water  is  hauled  by  a  wagon  from  a  small  cre<  k  two  or  three  miles  distant  from  the 
post. 

Wood. — Wood  is  supplied  by  the  labor  of  the  troops,  and  is  hauled  from  two  to  three  miles. 

Indians. — The  military  reservation  of  Camp  Wright  adjoins  the  Round  Valley  Indian  reser- 
vation, on  which  are  about  1,000  Indians,  remnants  of  various  tribes. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  of  importance,  (Ukiah,)  fifty-five  miles 
south,  is  by  wagon  on  the  new  road,  or  by  trail  via  Cahto,  which  is  twenty-six  miles  southwest. 

Reservation. — The  reservation,  as  declared  by  the  President  and  published  in  General  ( )rders 
No.  60,  Headquarters  Department  California,  October  5,  L869,  consists  of  the  following  metes  and 
bounds:  Initial  point,  a  point  on  the  town  ship  line  forty  chains  west  of  the  northeast  corner  of  town- 
ship 22,  range  north  thirteen  degrees  west;  from  this  point  south  eighty  chains ;  thence  west  eighty 
chains;  thence  north  eighty  chains;  thence  east  eighty  chains,  to  the  place  of  beginning  on  the 
township  lines;  embracing  the  west  half  of  section  one,  and  east  half  of  section  two,  township 
twenty-two,  range  north  thirteen  degrees  west,  being  one  mile  square,  more  or  less. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  post  is  situated  in  the  northwest  corner  of  Round 
Valley,  which  is  about  nine  miles  long  from  north  to  south,  and  varies  from  four  to  seven  miles  in 
width  from  east  to  west,  it  is  supposed  to  be  about  1,500  feet  above  the  sea  level,  and  is  surrounded 
by  mountains  from  500  to  2,000  feet  high,  all  of  which  are  spurs  of  the  Coast  range.  They  are  well 
timbered  with  several  varieties  of  oak,  pine,  manzanito,  and  laurel.  The  land  is  nearly  all  arable. 
and  grass  plentiful  in  the  spring.  The  nature  of  the  soil  is  gravely,  except  on  the  north  or  lower 
end  of  the  valley,  where  it  is  of  the  adobe  character.  All  cereals  except  corn  do  well  here,  and  all 
esculents,  except  potatoes,  moderately  well.  Abundant  crops,  however,  cannot  be  obtained  without 
irrigation,  which  is  impracticable  without  the  introduction  of  artesian  wells,  as  there  are  no  perma- 
nent streams  here,  except  a  small  creek  at  the  lower  end  of  the  valley,  which  nearly  dries  up  in 
summer,  although  in  the  rainy  season  it  is  swelled  by  mountain  torrents  from  every  direction  to  a 
large  stream,  which  often  inundates  the  greater  portion  of  the  valley.  The  climate  is  healthy,  very 
warm  and  dry  in  summer,  and  temperate  during  the  winter  or  rainy  season.  The  mean  temperature 
during  the  year  1869  was  66°.86.  The  extremes  of  temperature,  39°.0S-85°.25.  Amount  of  rain,  36.84 
inches.  The  valley  and  all  the  principal  outlets  are  well  settled  under  squatter  title.  There  are 
some  line  farms,  and  the  mountain  ranges  are  all  occupied  by  stock-raisers.  Sheep,  cattle,  horses, 
and  hogs  are  extensively  raised.  The  north  and  south  forks  of  Eel  River  nearly  surround  the 
first  chain  of  mountains  outside  the  valley.  They  are  fordable  during  the  summer  months,  but 
during  the  rainy  season  they  can  only  be  crossed  by  ferry-boats. 


VERBA  BUENA  ISLAND,  CALIFORNIA. 

(Established  1SGS.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  LIEUTENANT  JAMES  F.  GREGORY,  ENGINEER  CORPS,  CJ.  S.  A..  JUNE,  1870,  THE 
ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTEK  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — San  Francisco  Harbor,  California.  Latitude,  37°  18'  45";  longitude  from  Green- 
wich, 122°  20'  45."  Post-office  at  San  Francisco,  California,  distant  two  and  a  quarter  miles,  which 
is  the  nearest  town. 

Quarters. — All  buildings  on  the  post  are  the  property  of  the  Engineer  Department,  with  the 
exception  of  the  married  soldiers'  quarters,  and  half  of  the  structure  used  as  hospital :  all  in  good 
condition.  Two  barracks,  !i?  by  30  feet,  16  feet  high;  wood;  built  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  men. 
Officers'  quarters — three  houses  sided;  each  two  rooms  18  by  20  (vet,  with  rear  L  IS  by  21  feet; 
built  with  attics,  sufficient  for  three  company  officers  and  post  surgeon. 

Mess-house,  &c— Mess-house;  45  by  .'it  feet;  kitchen,  18  by  25  feet. 

STORE-HOUSES. — Quartermaster's  and  commissary  in  basement  of  mess-house  and  kitchen. 


96  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Quartermaster's  store-house  4H  by  31  feet,  1\  feet  high.  Commissary  store-house  18  by  15|  feet,  7.\ 
feel  high. 

Hospital. — An  old  quartermaster's  building,  added  to  l>y  Engineer  Department,  and  used  as 
hospital;  incomplete  main  building,  •">•"■  by  14  feet;  two  rear  L's,  14  feet  square  Capacity  for  live 
beds  in  ward;  divided  into  ward,  dispensary,  and  quarters  for  hospital  steward  and  matron. 

Laundry. — Quarters  sufficient  for  laundresses  for  one  company. 

Bake-house. — Dimensions  26  by  18  feet,  and  nine  feet  high. 

Guard-house. — Sided  building,  28  feet  square;  four  compartments;  one  dark  and  one  lighted 
cell;  general  guard-room,  and  room  for  non-commissioned  officers. 

Stables. — For  quartermaster's  mules,  temporary  board  sheds. 

Supply  depot. — Quartermaster  and  commissary,  San  Francisco,  California.  Supplies  trans- 
ported by  quartermaster's  steamer. 

Subsistence. — Two  months'  supply  always  Kept  on  hand. 

WATER. — Post  supplied  by  water-carts  from  spring  near  beach-line.  One  well  near  hospital. 
Amount  limited. 

Communication. — With  Sau  Francisco  by  quartermaster's  steamer  twice  a  day  on  alternate 
days. 

Reservation. — The  whole  island  is  reserved,  about  120  acres. 

Description  op  country,  &c.— Island  hilly  and  rocky.  Highest  point  above  sea-level, 
340  feet.  Average  height  of  post  above  sea-level,  50  feet.  No  timber.  Five  acres  cultivated  by 
the  troops  as  company  garden.  Usual  vegetables  can  be  raised.  Average  temperature,  56°  F. 
Complete  saturation  occasionally  at  night.     Prevailing  wind  westerly.     Location  healthy. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  COLUMBIA. 


POSTS    I)  KS(  i;  [  BED. 


Boise,  Fort,  Idaho,  i  Juan  Island,  Camp,  Washington  Territory. 

Cape  Disappointment,  Fort,  Washington  Territory.  Sitka,  Alaska. 

Co]    tile,  Fort,  Washington  Territorj .  Stevens,  Fori,  ( (regon. 

Dalles,  Fort,  Oregon.  Three  Forks  Owyhee,  Camp,  Idaho. 

Hall,  Fort,  Idaho.  •  Fort,  Alaska. 

Harney,  Camp,  Oregon  Vaueonvei  tory. 

Klamath,  Fort,  Oregon.  Ila,  Fort,  ' 

Kodiak,  Fort,  Alaska.  W  ai  ton. 

Lapwai,  Fort,  [daho. 


FORT  BOISE.  IDAHO  TERRITORY. 

(Established  July,  L863.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    BY    FIRST    LIEUTENANT   GEORGE    McMf  TAYLOR,   TWENTY-THIRD   INFANTRY, 
JUNE,  1870    THE    \<    [TN<      ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  I'!   37';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  1  Hi    12".     Altitude  abo  i  sea- 

level,  2,812  feet.     Post-office  at  Boise  City,  half  a  mile  distant,  the  nearest  settlement. 

Quarters. — Quarters  for  two  hundred  men,  built  of  stone;  shingle  roofs;  two  buildings, 
each  87  by  27  feet,  with  side-walls  ten  feet  high.  Officers'  quarters,  five,  built  of  stoue,  with 
shingle  root's.     These,  with   the  men's  quarters,  are  at   present  in   -  i  lition,  being  always 

kept  in  thorough  repair  when  required. 

Storehouses. — Quartermaster's,  30  by  100  feet,  L2  feet  high;  commissary,  30  by  100  feet, 
11!  feet  high;  capacity  for  supplies  for  two  companies  for  one  year.  Built  of  stone,  shingle  nidi's, 
and  at  present  in  good  condition. 

Hospital. — Hospital  32  by  •"><>  feet,  and  1<>  feet  high  ;  built  <>f  stone;  with  shingle  roof;  con 
tains  three  wards,  (capacitj  for  eight  beds  to  each  ward.)  a  dispensary  and  store-room,  with  a  wing 
in  rear  IS  by  40  feet,  ou  a  line  with  the  north  end  of  building,  in  which  are  the  steward's  room, 
dining-room,  aud  kitchen.     The  building  is  divided  in  the  center  by  a  hall  sis  feet  wide,  running 
from  front  to  rear.     The  whole  is  in  good  condition. 

Laundry. — Quarters  for  six  laundresses;  built  of  logs,  with  shingle  roof;  one  apartmenl 
each;  all  in  good  condition. 

School-hotsk. — School-house  25by20  feet,  10  feet  high;  built  of  logs,  with  shingle  roof. 
The  building  contains  a  library  of  about  1,000  volumes  lor  the  use  of  the  men  serving  at  the  post. 

Guard-house. — Guardhouse  30  by  40  feet,  10  feet  high;  built  of  stone,  with  shingle  roof; 
three  apartments,  one  for  use  of  guard,  and  two  for  prisoners;  in  good  condition. 

Stables. — Stables  for  two  companies  of  cavalry;  frame  buildings,  with  shingle  root's;  now 
used  as  shelter  tor  public  animals  pertaining  to  the  quartermaster's  department;  capacity  for  one 
year's  supply  of  grain.  The  buildings,  stalls.  &c,  are  in  good  condition  and  thorough  repair.  A 
corral,  built  of  logs,  is  attached  to  rear  of  one  of  the  stables,  and  also  a  fenced  corral  for  the 
storage  of  hay  and  straw,  contiguous  to  thi 

Supply  depot. — The  nearest    quartermaster's  and  subsistence  depot   is  at  fort  Vancouver. 
13 


98  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Washington  Territory,  distant  four  hundred  and  sixty-(  ight  miles.  The  route  of  supply  is  pari  by 
river  ami  part  bj  wagon-road;  and  supplies  can  lie  transported,  except  in  winters  of  unusual 
severity,  at  all  seasons  of  the  year. 

Subsistence — Twelve  months'  supply  tor  (lie  troops,  and  forage  (grain,  bay,  and  straw  is 
usually  furnished  the  post  bj  contract. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  a  running  creek  and  a  well,  both  within  the 
limits  of  the  garrison.     During  the  winter  oths  ice  is  cu1  and  stored  by  the  troops  for  summer 

use. 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  contract. 

Indians. — The  nearest  Indians  are  the  Wieser  tribe  of  Snake  Indians,  located  on  the  north 
fork  of  the  Wieser  River.     At  present  they  are  peaceable. 

Innervation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  located  has  been  declared  by  the  Presi 
dent.  It  is  one  mile  in  width  by  two  in  length.  A  hay  reserve,  located  two  miles  (by  line  of  sur 
vey)  W.  N.  W.  of  post,  containing  an  area  of  503  acres,  is  used  lor  grazing  the  public  animals 
during  the  open  season.  A  wood  reserve  (pine  timber)  of  about  -">4(i  acres,  located  nine  miles  east 
of  the  post,  is  also  included  as  a  part  of  the  reserve  in  fall:  at  present  not  used. 

Description  or  country,  &c. — Boise  Valley  (location  of  this  post)  extends  along  the  river 
of  the  same  name  from  a  few  miles  above  the  reserve  to  its  confluence  with  the  Snake  River,  a 
fifty  miles  below.  This  valley  is  of  irregular  width  and  varied  in  feature.  On  the  north  and  east 
it  is  broken  and  hilly  toward  the  Boise  range  of  mountains,  affording  in  spring  time  a  short  nutri- 
tious grass,  and  being  adjacent  on  this  side  to  the  reserve,  is  taken  advantage  of  for  grazing 
purposes.  To  the  south  and  west  the  valley  is  bounded  by  arid  fable  lands  of  sage-brush,  rising 
westward  of  the  river  to  the  foot-hills  of  the  Qwyhee  chain  of  mountains.  The  soil  contiguous  to 
the  river  and  minor  streams,  owing  to  the  irrigation  therein  afforded,  is  highly  arable,  and  being 
for  the  most  part  located  by  settlers,  under  considerable  cultivation.  Wheat,  corn,  barley,  oats. 
and  summer  vegetables  are  raised  in  large  quantities.  The  nature  of  the  soil  in  these  localities 
being  generally  of  a  sandy  loam  subsoil,  with  (particularly  in  the  bottoms)  a  surface  of  decayed 
vegetable  matter,  renders  the  land  not  only  easj  of  cultivation,  but  also  capable  of  producing  the 
cereals  and  vegetables  in  a  high  degree  of  perfection.  Timber  of  the  pine  ami  fir  varieties  abounds 
in  plenty  on  the  mountain  ranges  on  both  sides  of  the  valley,  also  cottonwood  and  willow  (white 
and  red)  on  the  margins  of  the  river.  The  river  can  be  forded  only  during  the  fall  months,  owing 
to  the  spring  freshets  and  regular  rise  of  the  stream  ai  that  season.  Climate  dry,  and  on  the 
average  mild;  winters  at  times  severe:  warm  during  the  summer  months.  Average  temperaturi  — 
Thermometer,  00°.25 ;  hygrometer,  54P.25.  Health  of  locality  good.  Settlements,  Boise  City  half  a 
mile  distant,  and  ranches  from  three-fourths  of  a  mile  to  five  miles  from  the  post. 


FORT  CAPE  DISAPPOINTMENT,  WASHINGTON  TERRITORY. 

(Established  L862.     Engineers  commenced  laying  platforms  for  guns  in  1862.     First  garrisoned  in 

April.  1864) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN  BY  SECOND   LIEUTENANT  ('.  O.  HOWARD,  SECOND  ARTILLERY,  Jl  LY,  L870,  THE 
ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  46°  L6'  north ;  longitude,  124°  2'  west.  Situated  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Columbia  River,  on  the  Washington  Territory  side.  Xo  post-office  at  the  post.  Mails  received 
from  Astoria.  Oregon,  the  nearest  town,  fifteen  miles  distant. 

Quarters.— Quarters  for  one  hundred  men;  frame  building,  weather-boarded  and  ceiled; 
second  story  used  as  quarters  for  the  men;  first  story  for  dining-room,  kitchen,  and  storeroom. 
Two  buildings,  weather-boarded,  but  not  ceiled,  each  containing  I  \\  o  sets  of  laundresses'  quarters. 
Officers' quarters, three ;  frame  buildings,  weather  boarded,  lathed,  and  plastered.  All  at  present 
in  very  good  condition.     Ordnance  sergeant's  house,  a  small  frame  building,  is  being  constructed. 


DESOEIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS    \  M »  STATIONS.  99 

'Store-houses. — Quartermaster's  and  commissary  store-house  is  a  one-storj  frame  buildiug, 
withaloft;  capacity  for  supplies  for  oue  company  for  one  year;  iu  good  condition,  but  from  the 
nature  of  the  climate  damp. 

Stable. — Stable,  two-story  frame  buildiug,  with  a  oue-storyL;  capacity  for  fifteen  animals 
and  forage  for  one  year. 

Hospital. — Hospital,  frame  building,  weather- boarded,  lathed,  and  plastered.  Two  wards, 
dispensary,  store-room, dining-room,  bath-room,  and  kitchen;  in  good  condition;  capacitj  lor  ten 
beds. 

Guardhouse. — Guard-house  is  a  two-story  frame  building,  not  ceiled,  built  over  the  water, 
aud  supported  on  piles.  The  first  story  is  divided  into  cells  for  general  prisoners,  and  the  second 
is  used  as  a  ;;itard  room  and  cells  for  company  prisoners. 

Shops,  &c— ( Jarpeuter's  simp,  blacksmith's  shop,  adjutant's  office,  and  school  house — one  ston 
frame  buildings.  A  portion  of  the  carpenter's  shop  is  used  for  the  storage  of  lumber.  All  the  build 
iugs  ai  the  post,  except  the  officers'  quarters,  which  are  about  forty  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sen. 
are  on  very  low  land,  not  elevated  more  than  four  or  five  fee!,  and  are  protected  by  a  breakwater 
of  logs,  sunk  in  tin'  ground,  and  the  rear  tilled  in  with  rock  and  earth,  forming  a  small  parade.  The 
light-house  department  has  had  a  station  here  since  L856.  One  buildingon  the  reservation  is  used 
as  a  dwelling-house  by  the  lighl  keepers. 

Magazine. — Magazine  •'!<>  by  IS  feet  ;  capacity  for  80,000  pounds  of  powder. 

Supply  depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster's  and  subsistence  depot  is  at  Portland,  Oregon, 
distant  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  miles.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Columbia  River. 
Supplies  can  be  transported  at  all  seasons  of  the  year. 

Subsistenok. — Three  to  four  month's  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

WATER. — At  the  company's  and  laundresses'  quarters  water  is  supplied  from  springs  in  their 
vicinity.  At  the  officers' quarters  and  hospital  rain  water  held  in  a  cistern  is  used  during  the 
rainy  season.     In  fin'  dry  season  they  are  supplied  from  the  springs  by  water-carts. 

WOOD. —  Wood  is  Supplied  b\   the  labor  of  the  troops. 

[ndians. — No  Indians  in  the  vicinity,  except  a  few  of  the  extinct  tribe  of  Chinooks; 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  (Astoria,  Oregon)  is  by  water.  A  small 
steamer  in  the  employ  of  the  Government  is  used  for  carrying  mails,  passengers,  and  supplies. 
Communication  can  be  made  with  Oysterville,  Washington  Territory,  on  horseback,  but  not  with 
wagons. 

ReservatK  'X. — The  limits  of  I  he  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  are  not  known,  but 
it  is  believed  to  have  been  declared  many  years  before  the  post  was  established.  One  square  mile 
is  held  as  reserved. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  on  NTRY,  Ac — Surrounding  country  hilly.  Soil  reddish  clay  loam  ;  arable. 
Timber  plenty ;  fir  and  spruce  in  great  abundance,  and  a  small  quantity  of  alder  ami  crab  apple. 
The  more  hardy  vegetables  are  raised  in  large  quantities  on  the  hills  and  low  lands.  Climate  mild 
and  very  pleasant  during  the  summer  months.  Average  temperature,  50°.S5.  Amount,  of  rain  fall 
during  the  year,  !)()  inches.     Health  of  locality  very  good.     No  settlements. 


FORT  COLVILLK,  WASHINGTON  TERRITORY. 

(Established  1859.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    B1    LIEUTENANT  P.   T.   BRODEEK'K.   TWENTY-THIRD    INFANTRY,    AUGUST,  1870, 
Tilt:  ACTING    ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude,  18°  38';  longitude,  lis-  ."»'  30".  Post-office  at  Pinkneyville,  half  a  mile 
distant,  the  nearest  settlement. 

Quarters. — Three  double  setsof  officers'  quarters,  each  45by30feet.  four  company  barracks, 
each  !>  by  30  feet.  Four  company  kitchens,  each  60  by  30  feet.  Nine  laundresses'  quarters,  each 
25  by  17  feet.     All  Imilt  of  logs  and  roofed  with  pine  shingles.     Need  constant  repairs. 


100  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  A.ND  STATIONS. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster  and  eoinmissarj  in  one  building  43  by  '■'>'■'<  feel  ;  buill  <>r  logs, 
with  shingle  roof;  capacity  for  supplies  for  four  companies  for  one  year;  needs  constant  repair. 

Hospital,  &o. — One  hospital  45  bj  30  feet.  One  guard-house  40  by  30  feet,  one  stable 
115  l)\  30  feet.  One  bake-house  '■'>-  l>\  18  feet.  One  blacksmith  shop  32  by  18 feet.  Onecarpenter 
shop  5()  l>y  ;.»()  feet.  One  granary  50  by  30  feet.  All  built  of  logs,  with  shingle  roofs,  and  need 
constant  repairs. 

Saw-mill. — One  saw-mill  (water-power)  58  by  35  feet. 

Supply  depot.— Quartermaster  and  commissary  supplies  furnished  from  Portland,  Oregon. 
From  Portland  to  Wallula  by  boat,  tlience  to  Col  ville,  two  hundred  and  ten  miles  by  wagon.  Supply 
communication  broken  during  the  winti 

WATER. — Garrison  supplied  with  water  by  hydraulic  rain  from  Mill  Creek  300  yards  distant- 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Calispels,  Colvilles,  and  Lakes. 

Communication. — Mail  communication,  via  Upper  Spokan  Bridge  and  Walla-Walla,  once  a 
week. 

RESERVATION. — Post  built  on  military  reservation,  one  mile  square. 

Description  op  country,  &c. — Colville  Valley  is  seventy-five  miles  long,  extending  from 
the  Columbia  River  to  the  Spokan.  The  average  width  is  one  and  a  half  miles.  The  soil  is  remark- 
ably fertile.  Agricultural  products,  wheat,  oats,  potatoes,  and  hay.  The  hills  and  mountains  are 
covered  with  a  heavj  growtho  'sumac.     The  settlement — which  is  principally  composed 

of  French  and  Indian  ha  If-!  needs — is  isolated  in  every  direction  for  hundreds  of  miles.  The  Columbia 
River  is  distant  from  the  post  fifteen  miles,  andthe Spokan  sixty  miles.  The  scenery  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  post,  and  indeed  throughout  the  valley,  is  grand  and  picturesque.  Climate  healthy.  Aver- 
age temperature — thermometer,  15°.37;  hygrometer,  41°.50. 


FORT  DALLES,   OREGON. 

(Established  1848;  rebuilt  LS56.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY  JACOB   FRITZ,  STOREKEEPER. 

Location. —  Latitude,  15°  36';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  L20°  55'.  Post-officeat  DallesCity, 
Wasco  County,  located  on  the  Columbia  River,  and  adjoining  the  military  reservation. 

Quarters. — Two,  for  one  company  each;  frame  buildings,  tilled  up  with  bricks,  between 
scantlings;  require  considerable  repairs.  Officers'  quarters,  two ;  frame  buildings;  hard-finished 
inside:  in  serviceable  condition.     Two  offices  destroyed  by  fire  in  1865; 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster's  30  by  loo  feet,  16  feet  high;  office  on  one  end,  and  saddler- 
shop  on  tin' other.  Commissary,  30  by  ion  feet,  10  feel  high;  office  on  one  end.  Both  verj  sub 
stantial  frame  buildings;  eaves  require  repairs. 

Hospital. — Hospital  built  of  logs  in  1848,  consisting  of  seven  apartments,  viz:  steward's 
room.  loA  by  Hi.1,  feet,  frame  addition  to  log  house;  dispensary,  19  by  lit  feel  :  three  wards,  1!)  b\  20 
feet;  kitchen,  10  by  19  feet;  and  matron's  room.  19  by  L9  feet.  Hospital  proper,  log  building- 
hard  finished  inside  ;    in  sinking  condition.     Sleepers  and  lower  logs  in  dispensary  rotten. 

Guard  house. — Guard-house  is  a  two  story  building — upper  story  frame  work,  and  lower  storj 
built  of  rock.     Prison  proper  in  lower  stor\  ;  cells  built  of  brick  :  condition  unserviceable. 

Stables. — Cavalry  stables  for  sixtj  seven  horses:  balloon  frame,  in  good  order.  Quarter- 
master's stables,  two;  one  repairable,  one  unserviceable;  frame  buildings.  Corrals  built  of  boards 
and  slabs:   in  good  order. 

Suppli  depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depol  is  at  Port  Vancouver, 
Washington  Territory,  one  hundred  and  one  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  ( 'olumbiti 
River.  Supplies  forwarded  b\  steamers,  and,  with  rare  exceptions,  at  all  seasons  of  the  year. 
This  post  was  abandoned  August  31,  I860,  reoccupied  April  1, 1867,  aud  reabaudoned  July  15,  L867. 
The  quartermaster  and  commissary  store-houses  have  been  used  since  August,  1866,  for  safe-keep- 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  101 

iug  and  reshippiug  of  public  stores  eu  route  from  Fori  Vancouver  to  Oauips  Watsou,  Logan,  Harney, 
and  Warner,  Oregon.     The  first  two  camps  ua\  ieeu  broken  up  ami  sold. 

Water. —  When  occupied  by  troops,  the  posl   is  supplied  with  «  Ml  Creek,  a  small 

stream  running  tbrougli  the  military  reservation,  b\  water- wago 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  contract,  all  available  firewood  having  been  used  up  by  t  lie  troops. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  on    Port   Simeoe,   V\  on  Territory,   and 

reservation — the  former  about  sixty-five  miles  and  the  latter  about  eight\  five  miles  distant. 

Communication. — Couinj  i   between  post  and  neat  either  by  mail  or 

telegraph. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Surrounding  country  hilly,  or  mountainous.    Soil  in 

the  valleys  along  the  creeks — Mill   Creek,  Three,  Five,  Eight,  Ten,  and  Fifteen  Mil  ;s — ver) 

productive;  on  the  hills,  light  ami  sandy,  but  producing  excellent  pi  imber  is 

rather  scarce  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post,  but  pleu  tmileswe  heColumbia 

River,  consisting  of  yellow  pint'  and  o  irewood  ;  also  some  alder  and 

maple  are  to  be  found  on  some  of  the  creeks.     All  the  cereals  can  be  raised  hereto  ,  <,\  in  the 

valleys;  and  even  the  uplands,  though  mostly  light  soil,  are  beliex 

River  navigable  the  whole  year  b;  srs.     The  river  rises  e\  om  the  melting  snow 

in  the  mountains,  am  tin  in  the  latl  if  June.     Climate  mild,  generally  warm  and  dr^ 

during  the  summer  months.     Health  ol  :  llent. 


FORT  HALL,   IDAHO  TERRITORY 

(Established    1870.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    BY    LIEUTENANT   J.    II.    MAY,    TWELFTH    INFANTRY,    JULY,    [670  VOTING 

ASSISTANT  Ql  I     tAS'J  EE    \T  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude.  15°;   longitude,  112°.     The  post  is  located  one  hundred  and  thirtj 
miles  north  of  Corinue,  Utah,  the  nearest  station  on  tu  B  se  ;tJ 

Ross  Fork,  Idaho.  fifteen  miles  distant. 

Quarters. — Quarters  of  the  following  dimensions  are  proposed  to  be  built:  For  officers — two 
buildings,  each  34  1>\  :_".(  feet.     '•'.  i  tilding,  90  1  > >  mdresses — three 

buildings,  each  Hi  by  Hi  feet.     All  io  b,'  built  of  lumber,  with  shingle  roofs. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster  and  commissary  iu  one  buili  et;  to  be  built    i 

lumber,  with  shingle  roof. 

Hospital. — One  building  53  by  l.'.;  feel  ;  t  >  be  built  of  logs,  with  shingle  roof. 

Offices. — One  building  'i!   by  29  feet,  con tai  built  of  lumber,  with 

shingle  roof. 

Guard-house. — One  buildiug  24  by  :  to  be  built  of  logs,  with  shingle  ro 

Bake-house,  &c. —  Bake-house — one  building  l(i  by  20'  feel  >s — two  buildings,  each  26 

by  Hi  feet.     All  to  be  buil!  of  logs,  and  ■  tvith  .shingles.     Corral  100  by  150  feet. 

Wood. — Wood  can  be  obtained  within  three  miles  of  the  post.  1;  consists  of  scrub  cedar,  and 
is  at  present  furnished  bj  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

Commi  nication. — The  distance  from  the  posl  to  Boise  City,  Idaho,  is  about  two  hundred  ami 
sixty-live  miles.  The  road  is  very  sandy,  and  six  mouths  in  the  year  is  all  that  can  be  safelj 
counted  on  for  supplies  to  pass  over  it.     Between  tit  i  there  is  a  good  road,  with 

but  live  miles  of  sand,  over  which   to  transport  stores.     The  road  is  open  for  freight  eighl  or  nine 
months  in  the  year. 

FoRAGE. — Hay  can  be  purchased  in  open  market  a!  prices  ranging  from  $10  to  835  per  ton. 
That  costing  $16  is  cut  within  three  miles  of  the  post.  The  other  will  have  to  be  cut  and  hauled 
from  Fort  Hall  bottom,  a  distance  of  twenty-five  miles.  The  hay  is  of  go  id  quality  of  wild  grass- 
Grazing  is  tolerably  good.  Barley  or  oats  av.-  not  raised  nearer  than  one  hundred  and  twenty 
miles.     Either  will  cost,  delivered  at  the  post,  six  cents  per  pound. 


102  DESCRIPTIONS  OK  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

CAMP  HARNEY,  OREGON. 

(Established  L867.) 

INFORMATION  FURNISHED  BY  FIRST   LIEUTENANT  JOHN  W.  LEWIS,  TWENTY-THIRD  [NFANTRV,  JULY, 
1870,  THE  ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  :'  north;   longitude,    118°  30'  west.   Post-office  at  ('anion  City, 

Oregou,  seventy-five  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town. 

Quarters. — Three  sets  of  barracks,  each  LOO  by  30  feet,  built  of  logs,  cabin-style,  with 
shiugle  roots,  interstices  tilled  with  sticks  and  mud,  each  having  capacity  for  one  company,  in  rear 
of  barracks  are  the  mess-rooms  and  kitchens,  61  l>y  25  feet,  having  all  necessary  fixtures  for  cooking, 
&c.     Quarters  for  laundresses  and  married  soldiers — four  buildings,  24  by  Mi  feet,  and  two,  29  by  20 

.  built  of  logs.  Pour  sets  of  officers'  quarters,  (one  single  and  three  double,)  built  of  logs, 
shiugle  roofs,  with  piazza  extending  along  the  whole  front;  each  23  by  15  feet,  one  story  high. 
One  building  !-■">  I  b,  with  piazza,  used  as  headquarters  aud  quartermaster's  office.     All  bhe 

buildings  are  in  good  condition. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster  and  commissary  in  one  building  80  by  lo  feet;  built  of  logs, 
with  shingle  roof;  iuadequati  the  demands  made  upon  it  for  storage.     One  building  (gran 

ary)  70  b\  35  feet,  built  of  logs,  with  capacity  for  000,000  pounds  of  grain. 

Hospital. — One  building  built  of  logs,  shingle  roof,  containing  one  ward  30  by  10  feet,  eight 
beds;  dispensary,  l<>  by  11  feet;  steward's  room.  10  by  11  feet ;  bath-room,  1<>  by  7  feet  ;  dining 
room,  15  by  Mi  feet;  kitchen,  12  by  15  feet,  adjoining.  Stoic-room  and  loom  for  nurse  in  attic 
Piazza  OU  south  and  east  sides. 

Guard-house. — Guard-house  42  by  32  feet,  built  of  logs,  with  shiugle  root':  contains  one  cell 
20  by  14  feet,  and  lour  small  cells  TJ'J  by  3|  feet ;    height  of  ceiling  11  feet. 

Stables. — Two  for  cavalry,  each  190  by  30  feet;  built  of  boards,  with  shiugle  roots;  capacity 
for  seventy-five  horses  each,     in  good  condition. 

si  ppli  depots. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  Vancouver, 
Washington  Territory,  three  hundred  and  fifty  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  ninety  miles 
by  water,  ten  miles  by  rail,  and  two  hundred  and  fifty  by  wagon  road.  Supplies  can  be  transported 
six  months  in  the  y< 

Subsistence. — Twelve  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

\\  \tkk. — Water  is  obtained  from  a  small  creek  running  through  the  camp,  from  a  spring  half 
a  mile  from  camp,  and  wells  dug  in  rear  of  each  set  of  barracks.  Quality  excellent,  and  quant  ity 
unlimited. 

WOOD. — Woodis  furnished  by  enlisted  men,  obtained  from  White  Pine  Mountains,  about  tour 
mdes  distant. 

Indians. — Pah-ute  tribe,  now   friendly.     Subsist  in  summer  on  roots  and  fish  of  their  own 

tiring  ;  in  winter  are  partially  supplied  by  the  Government. 

COMMUNICATION. —  I  post  and  nearest  town  (Canon  City,  Oregon)  is  by  wagon. 

RESERVATION. — The  reservation  is  at  present  under  process  of  survey.  It  extends  six  miles 
north  and  south  of  the  flagstaff,  and  has  a  uniform  width  of  three  miles,  making  a  rectangle  of 
thirty-six  square  miles.  The  mouth  of  the  canon  opens  into  Harnej  Valley,  and  the  reservation 
extending  into  the  latter  embraces  about  fifteen  square  miles  of  level  land. 

Description  :y,  &c. — The  country   to  the  north,  east,  and  west  of  this  post  is  a 

series  of  gravelly  and  nearly  barren  hills,  scantily  covered  with  sage-brush,  and  interspersed, with 
scrubbj    juniper  and  mountain  mahogany.     Alter  passing  over  six  miles  of  the  above,  forests  of 

and  fir  cover  a  large  extent  of  country.  The  surface  is  largely  made  up  of  rugged  nils  and 
deep  canons,  with  an  occasional  Hat  or  valley,  and  some  table  land.  South  of  the  post  is  an 
•  flat,  k  n.i  ',  Mas  Harney  Lake  Valley,  (former  I  \  Big  Meadows.)  This  flat  has  a  length  of  fifty 
miles,  and  averages  probablj  thirty  miles  in  width,  making  an  area  of  about  oue  thousand  five 
hundred  square  miles.  Mineral  products  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post,  of  value  or  special  interest, 
base  notyet  been  discovered.    Gold  was  discovered  in  considerable  quantities  in  a  canon  seventy- 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  103 

five  miles  distant  in  L862 — now  the  site  of  ('arum  City — where  mining  is  still  carried  on  to  some 
extent  by  Chinese  miners.  Tl i <*  surface  soil  on  the  liills  generally  is  of  a  light  pebbly  nature.  Its 
fertility  in  this  vicinity  lias  no!  Ween  tested.  That  of  the  valleys  and  low  grounds  is  of  a  dark  color, 
with  a  light   porous   texture,  strongly  impregnated    with  alkali.     It    is  proi  as  lias   been 

proved,  when  vegetation  is  undisturbed  l>\  grasshoppers  and  crickets,  bul  it  is  impossible  to  culti- 
vate a  garden  with  any  surety  of  success.  .Most  of  the  country  affords  grass  of  a  good  quality  for 
grazing  purposes,  bunch-grass,  which  abounds  on  the  side  hills  in  largi  titles,  holding  the 

preference,  for  the  reason  of  its  great  nutritive  properties,  which  it  retains  throughout  the  grea 
part  of  the  year.  The  grass  in  Harney  Valley  is  of  a  coarser  and  less  nutritious  quality,  and  is 
I  lie  source  from  which  the  hay  consumed  al  the  post  is  obtained.  The  country  is  rather  remarkable 
as  regards  the  small  degree  of  humidity,  there  having  been  thirty  two  days  of  rain  and  sixteen  of 
snow  during  the  last  year,  the  combined  fall  (of  rain  and  snow  melted)  being  7.50  inches.  The 
winter  varies  .ureal  ly  as  regards  the  whole  amount  of  cold  weal  her.  and  the  degree  of  intensify 
certain  periods.  The  mercury  fell  to  25°  in  the  winterof  l86S,and  in  LSOOthe  lowi  si  point  observed 
(at  night)  was  I0°,anda1  7  A.  M.  5  .     From  April  to  October  the  weather  is  p]  :ing, 

nights,  however,  are  cool,  and  frost  occurs  nearly  each  month.  The  tall  is  pleasantly  cold  until 
the  snowj  season  commences,  early  in  December,  which  lasts  until  the  following  April.  This 
routine  of  the  seasons  seems  to  be  regular,  taking  for  data  recorded  obser\  al  ions.  Average  temper 
ature — thermometer,  I.V.'.Mt.     Health  of  locality  good." 


FORT  KLAMATH,  OREGON. 

(Established  1863.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    BY    SECOND   LIEUTENANT   STEPHEN    B.  THOBTIRN,  TWENTY-THIRD    INFANTRY, 
.11  LY,  1870,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFK  I 

Location.— Latitude,  l  :  ■  13'  ll";  longitude,  121°  55'.  Post-office  at  the  post.  Link  River, 
Oregon,  about  thirty-five  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement.  Klamath  agency  (Indian) 
four  miles  from  post. 

Quarters. — Quarters  for  two  hundred  men.  34  by  138  feet,  12  feet  high;  built  of  1  inch 
lumber:  in  ordinary  condition,  and  iced  repairs.  Kitchens  and  mess  rooms,  two  in  one  building, 
each  24  by  100  feet.  12  feet  high  :  divided  by  a  partition.  Laundresses' quarters,  two,  each  16  by  61 
feet,  12  feet  high  ;  built  of  1-inch  lumber:  capacity  for  four  laundresses.  Officers' quarters,  five., 
40  by  40  feet,  12  feet  bigh ;  built  of  1  inch  lumber;  in  ordinary  condition,  and  needs  repairs. 
Adjutant  and  quartermaster's  office  in  one  building  of  same  dimensions  as- officers'  quarters.  All 
the  root's  are  made  of  shingles. 

Stobe-houses. — Quartermaster  and  commissary  in  one  building,  separated  by  a  partition  in 
center;  each  stoic  18  by  38  feet,  and  ll'  feet  high;  built  of  hewn  timber;  capacity  for  supplies  for 
two  companies  for  one  year ;  roots  made  of  shingles.  A  block-house  at  each  end  for  protection  and 
defense,  in  good  condition. 

Hospital.— Hospital  10  by  40  feet,  and  12  feet  high;  built  of  1-inch  lumber.  Consists  on 
north  side  of  two  rooms,each  12  h\  18  feet,  aud  12  feet  high— one  used  as  kitchen  and  the  other  as 
mess-room;  west  side,  two  rooms,  each  14  by  16  — one  \\--fd  as  dispensary  and 

the  other  as  steward's  room  :  east  side,  one  room  16  by  2*  feet,  and  li'  feet  high,  a  <!.  w  ith 

capacity  for  twelve  beds.  Roofs  of  hospital  made  of  shingles;  in  ordinary  condition,  and  needs 
repairs. 

Gtjard-hotjse. — Guard-house  40  by  40  feet,  and  12  feet  bigh;  built  of  6  bj  6-inch  -awed  and 
hewn  lumber;  root' made  of  shingles;  in  ordinary  condition,  and  needs  repairs. 

Magazine. — Magazine  16  by  Ki  feet,  and  12  feet  high;  built  of  2J-inch  lumber:  contains  an 
inside  apartment  i  t  by  1  I  feel  ;  root' made  of  shingles;  in  good  condition. 

Stables. — Stables  for  two  companies  of  cavalry  horses,  built  of   1-inch  lumber;   in  ordinary 


104  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

condition,  and  needs  repairs.    Two  rooms  I'm-  storage  of  grain;   capacity  for  storing  600  bushels. 
Loft  over  head;  capacity  for  storing  300  tons  of  bay. 

Supply  depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depol   is  al    Portland,  Oregon, 
about  three  hundred  miles  distant.    The  route  of  supply  is  by  wagon-road  via  Crescent  City,  Cali 
fornia,  and  Dalles,  Oregon.     Supplies  can  be  transported  from  July  1  to  December  I.  and  no  other 
season  of  the  year. 

Subsistence. — six  months'  supply  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  with  an  abundance  of  good,  clear,  and  healthy  water  from  Linn 
Creek,  running  through  the  garrison. 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  l».\  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

INDIANS. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Kiainaths.  Modocs,  and  Snakes. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road  and  trail. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  been  declared  by  the  Presi 
dent,  and   is  announced  in  General  Orders  No.  30,  Headquarters   Department  of  the  Columbia, 
series  1869. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Surrounding  country  hilly.  Soil  (pumice-stone)  not  arable. 
Timber  plenty  ;  pine  on  the  hills  and  around  the  post.  No  vegetables  or  corn  can  be  raised  at  the 
post.  ( ilimate  warm  during  the  summer  mouths  in  day  time,  but  cold  at  nights.  Average  tempera- 
ture— thermometer,  60°  to  70°.  Health  of  locality  good.  No  settlements  nearer  than  Link  River, 
previously  mentioned. 


FORT  KODIAK,  ALASKA. 

(Established  1868.  Discontinued.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  SECOND  LIEUTENANT  Jul IX  A.  CAMPBELL,  SECOND  ARTILLERY,  AUGUST.  1870, 
THE  ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  Tl 

Location. — Latitude,  57°  t7'  57"  north;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  152°  19' 34"  west.  Lost 
ioc  ated  on  the  Island  of  Kodiak.  Post-office  at  the  post.  Sitka  is  distant  about  five  hundred  and 
eighty  miles  nearly  due  east. 

Quarters. — Quarters  for  one  hundred  men  ;  frame  buildings,  nearly  new.  and  in  good  condi- 
tion. Officers'  quarters — three  buildings  of  logs,  built  by  the  Russians:  old,  and  in  a  state  of 
decay;   have  been  repaired,  (newly  looted.)  so  as  to  be  habitable. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster  and  commissary,  (id  by  L'4-  feet ;  two  story  frame  building,  with 
shed  attached  ;   in  good  order.     Capacity  for  supplies  for  one  company  for  -one  year. 

Hospital. — Hospital  built  of  logs  by  the   Russians;  old,  and  in  need  of  repairs:  one  side  of 
roof  newly  shingled,  the  other  side  old  and  leaky.     The  ward  has  capacity   for  twelve  beds.     Stew 
aids'  room  adjoining,  and  store-room  partitioned  off  from  it.     Opposite  is  the  dispensary.     Kitchen 
near  the  front  entrance.     Surgeon's  quarters  in  a  small  log  house  adjoining  the  hospital. 

GUARD-HOUSE,  &C. — Guard-house  is  a  frame  building,  with  five  cells,  and  has  a  wood-shed 
attached.  Quartermaster's  stable  built  of  logs  :  room  for  twelve  mules  and  a  year's  supply  of  hay. 
Commissary  cattle-shed  of  rough  lumber,  with  hay  barn  attached;  room  lor  tw<m\  cattle  and 
three  hundred  bales  of  hay.      All  these  buildings  are  in  good  condition. 

Supply    depot. — The  nearest   depot  is  at  Sitka,  distant  live  hundred  and  eighty  miles;  but 
on  account  of  the  infrequeucy  of  communication  the  post  depends  more  on  the  depots  al  San  Fran 
eiseo.  California,  distant  two  thousand  and  fifty  sis  miles.      Vessels  max  come  at  all  seasons  of  the 
year,  but  supplies  are  usually  furnished  in  September. 

Si  bsistenoe. — One  year's  supply  generally  kepi  on  hand.  Supplies  are  forwarded  to  Fort 
Kenay,  distant  one  hundred  and  eight}  miles,  when  required. 

Water. — A  small  stream  near  the  quarters  supplies  the  troops  with  good  water. 

Wood. —  Wood  is  rut  by  the  t  roups  a  mile  from  tin'  post,  and  is  rafted  or  hauled  in  on  the 
wood-cart. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  105 

Indians. — Settlement  of  Aleuts  on  Wood  Island,  two  miles  distant.  They  are  employed  by 
the  ice  company.  Kolosebians,  in  a  small  number,  near  the  post.  All  the  Indians  at  the  post  and 
vicinity  arc  very  peacable  and  industrious. 

Communication. — Communication  between  the  post  and  San  Francisco  quite  frequent,  by 
vessels  belonging  to  the  ice  company.  With  Sitka,  b\  quartermaster's  steamer  once  or  twice  a 
year.     By  other  vessels,  rarely. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.  One  square  mile,  which  incloses  all  the  buildings,  public  and  private,  in  the  settlemenl 
of  Kodiak,  (or,  as  called  l>\  the  Russians,  St.  rani's.)  is  held  as  reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Surrounding  country  very  mountainous.  Timber  plenty, 
being  fir  or  spruce.  The  harbor  has  numerous  small  islands.  Good  anchorage  in  the  stream. 
Wharf  poor,  but  serviceable.  Mean  rise  and  fall  of  the  tide,  about  L5  feet.  Climate  rather  cold  ; 
dry  during'  the  summer  months,  but  very  rainy  during  the   rest  of  the  year,  with   the  exception  of 

January  and  February,  when  it  is  the  coldest.     Health  of  locality  g 1.     Soil  a  rich  loam.     Ground 

full  of  hummocks,  which  retain  water.  Grass  good  in  summer.  Potatoes  and  turnips  do  better 
than  any  other  vegetables.  Lettuce  thrives,  but  cabbages  do  nol  head.  Few  other  vegetables  do 
well.     Temperature— thermometer,  42°.9.     Average  fall  of  rain  yearly,  7:;.  II  indies. 


FORT    CAPWAI,  IDAHO   TERRITORY. 
(Established  1863.) 

INFORMATION     GIVEN     I?Y    LIEUTENANT     CHARLES     BENDIRE,     FIRST     CAVALRY,    JUNE,    1870,    THE 

COMMANDING    OFFICER   AT    THE    TIME. 

LOCATION. — Latitude,  46°  32'  ;  longitude  west  of  Washington.  116°  Id'.  The  post  is  located 
on  the  left  bank  of  Lapwai  Creek,  a  mountain  stream,  from  which  it  derives  its  name,  and  three 
miles  south  of  the  Clearwater.  Lewiston,  built  at  the  continence  of  the  Clearwater  with  Snake 
1,'iver,  is  the  nearest  town  (nearly  due  west)  from  the  post,  and  about  1-  miles  distant.  FortLap- 
wai  was  first  established  in  1863,  and  its  construction  completed  in  the  fall  of  1864.  It  is  intended 
to  accommodate  a  troop  of  cavalry  and  a  company  of  infantry.  It  was  abandoned  in  July.  1867,  and 
remained  unoccupied  until  November  of  the  same  year.  Since  then  it  lias  been  constantly  occu- 
pied. There  is  a  post-office  at  the  post.  The  Lapwai  Valley,  at  the  point  where  the  garrison  is 
located,  is  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile  wide. 

Quarters. — Officers' quarters — two  double  frame  buildings,  each  52  by  46  l\'fl ;;  one  and  one-half 
stories  high,  with  shingle  roofs ;  require  frequent  repairs;  woodshed  and  yard  attached  to  each 
building.  Men's  quarters — two  frame  buildings,  each  91  by  30  feet;  one  story  high,  with  shingle 
roof;  in  good  condition.  Mess  room  and  kitchen  in  one  building  44  by  li»  feet ;  built  of  logs,  and  in 
poor  condition.  Laundresses'  quarters  in  two  buildings,  constructed  of  slabs,  one  containing  four 
rooms,  the  other  two  rooms,  each  10  by  10  feet;  roofs  shingled;  in  poor  condition,  and  require  fre- 
quent repairs. 

Store-houses. — Commissary  in  one  frame  building,  board-lined ;  50  by  22  feet,  and  20  feel 
high  ;  shingled  roof;  contains  a  cellar  20  by  12  feet,  and  8  feet  deep  ;  in  g 1  condition.  Quarter- 
master's in  one  building.  81  by  20  feet,  and  17  feet  high  ;  built  of  logs,  with  shingled  roof;  in  poor 
condition,  and  requires  frequent  repairs. 

Hospital. — One  frame  building  one  and  one-half  stories  high  ;  lathed  and  plastered  throughout  : 
Containing  ward-room  20  by  15  feet,  with  capacity  for  six  beds;  surgery.  15  by  15  feet :  mess-room 
and  kitchen  each  12  by  12  feet;  roofed  with  shingles,  and  in  g 1  condition. 

GUARD-HOUSE. — One  frame  building,  board  lined.  40  by  30  feet;  one  story  high ;  containing 
prison-room  10  by  16  feet,  and  three  cells,  each  4  by  8  feet;  roof  shingled;  building  in  good 
condition. 

Stables,  &c. — Quartermaster  and  cavalry  in  one  frame  building,  275  by  30  feet,  and  16  feet 
I  I 


106  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

high  ;  has  capacity  for  one  hundred  animals.    The  roof  is  constructed  of  shaker,  and  is  not  in  good 

condition;  about  one-third  of  the  stable  in  g 1  condition.     Attached  to  stable  is  a  saddle-room 

built  of  logs,  and  shaker  roof,  33  by  22  feci:  lined  with  boards,  and  in  good  condition.  One 
frame  building,  30  by  16  feet,  is  used  as  a  granary.     It   is  battened  inside   and   out,   roofed  with 

shingles,  and  has  capacity  for  4,800  bushels  (if  grain  ;  in  good  c lition.     South  of  the  stable  is  a 

hay-yard  190  by  170  feet,  surrounded  by  a  hoard  fence  ;  has  capacity  for  250  tons  ofhay.  Opposite 
the  hay-yard  is  a  cattle  corral,  175  by  115  feet,  surrounded  by  a  slab  fence;  a  shed,  with  shaker 
roof,  15  feet  wide,  extends  along  one  side.  Connected  with  the  corral  is  a  slaughter-house,  12  by  10 
feet,  built  of  boards. 

Offices,  &c. — Adjutant's  office  and  library  in  frame  building,  30  by  20  feet;  battened  out- 
side, lathed  and  plastered  within  ;  porch  on  north  side;  roof  shingled,  and  in  good  condition.  Bake- 
house, one  building,  29  by  21,  feet,  built  oflegs;  roof  shingled  and  in  good  condition.  Carpenter's 
shop,  one  building,  85  by  15  feet,  and  IS  feet  high  ;  built  of  slabs;  roof  shingled,  and  requires  frequent 
repairs.  Blacksmith-shop,  one  frame  building,  32  by  ~\h  feet,  and  1(>  feci  high;  has  a  shingle 
roof,  requiring  frequent  repairs.  Ice-house  constructed  of  logs,  with  shaker  roof;  has  capacity 
fur  thirty  tons   of  ice. 

Post  garden. — The  garden  is  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Lapwai,  one-fourth  of  a  mile 
east  of  the  post,  and  contains  about  ten  acres.  Nearly  everything  in  the  vegetable  line  can  be 
raised  here.     The  whole  garden  can  lie  irrigated  if  necessary. 

Supply-depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  commissary  depot  is  at  Fort  Vancouver, 
Washington  Territory,  three  hundred  and  forty-eight  miles  distant.  During  three  months  of  the 
year — April,  May,  and  June — supplies  can  be  landed  by  steamboat  at  Lew  iston,  Idaho  Territory, 
only  twelve  miles  distant.  No  boats  run  up  Snake  River  during  the  remaining  part  of  the  year  ; 
they  stop  at  Wallula,  Washington  Territory,  one  hundred  and  thirty  miles  from  the.  post.  From 
thence  stores  can  be  transported  via  Walla-Walla,  Washington  Territory,  at  all  seasons. 
SUBSISTENCE. — Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — The  garrison  is  supplied  with  water  from  a  tine  spring  one  fourth  of  a  mile  east  of 
the  post,  and  near  the  garden,  by  a  water-wagon.  There  is  a  well  between  the  company  quarters, 
bid  it  is  little  used.  Barrels  filled  with  water  are  kept  near  all  the  buildings  for  protection 
against    tire. 

Wood. — Wood,  consisting  of  pine  and  fir,  is  furnished  by  contract. 

INDIANS. — The  nearest  Indians  are  the  Nez  Perces,  numbering  about  three  thousand  five 
hundred.  Their  agency  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lapwai,  and  three  miles  from  the  post. 
The  largest  part  of  the  Lapwai  Valley  is  occupied  by  them.  The  Spokanes  and  Cobut  d'Alenes 
occupy  the  country  north  of  the  Clearwater. 

Reservation. — There  are  no  records  at  the  post  showing  that  the  reservation  on  which  it  is 
located  has  been  declared  by  the  President.  One  square  mile  is  held  as  reserved  inside  of  and 
near  tin.'  western  boundary  of  the  Nez  Percys  reservation. 

Description  of  THE  COUNTRY,  &C. — In  the  vicinity  of  the  post  it  is  volcanic  formation, 
mostly  high  prairie  land,  intersected  by  deep  and  rocky  ravines.  The  soil  is  generally  rich,  and 
water  is  plenty.  The  Lapwai  Valley  contains  about  3,000  acres  capable  of  cultivation  and  irriga- 
tion. The  other  valleys  in  the  neighborhood  contain  little  arable  land,  being  mostly  narrow  and 
rocky.  Some  of  the  prairie  land,  especially  near  the  base  of  Craig's  Mountain,  produces  good  crops 
of  grain  without  irrigation,  and  no  doubt  most  of  this  kind  of  land  would,  it  the  trial  was  made. 
Oats  is  the  principal  crop  raised  by  the  white  settler;  the  Indians  raise  mostly  wheat  and  corn. 
The  only  fiouring-mill  in  the  vicinity  belongs  to  the  Indian  Department.  The  grass  is  excellent 
and  abundant  :  a  liner  grazing  country  is  hard  to  find.  The  following  are  the  most  common  trees 
found  in  the  Lapwai  Valley  attaining  any  size:  Cottonwood,  birch,  alder,  choke-cherry,  hawthorn, 
willow,  and  many  berry-bearing  shrubs  are  found  in  the  valley.  On  Craig's  .Mountain,  a  spur  of 
the  Salmon  River  Mountains,  twelve  miles  distant  from  the  post,  are  found  fish  and  game  of  every 
variety  in  abundance.  The  Lapwai  is  always  fordable,  the  Clearwater  only  at  a  verj  low  stage  of 
water,  and  the  Snake  l.'iver  is  not  fordable.  The  nearest  ferries  over  the  Clearwater  and  Snake 
River  are  at  Lewiston.  The  climate  is  healthy  and  mild  for  the  latitude.  Extreme  of  heat  in 
August,  103°  in  the  simile  :  of  cold  in  January,  4°  below  zero.     Average  temperature,  56.95.    The 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  107 

valley  is  generally  1'roe  from  snow  during  the  winter  months.  Rain  falls  until  June.  The  months 
of  July  and  August  arc  hoi  and  dry.  Lewiston,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Clearwater  with  the  Snake 
River,  the  nearest  town  from  the  post,  contains  about  five  hundred  inhabitants.  It  is  the  base  of 
supplies  for  the  various  mining-camps  in  the  mountains.  Of  these  the  must  important  are  Oro 
Finn,  or  Pierce  City,  eighty  miles;  Elk  City,  ninety-live  miles;  Florence,  one  hundred  and  five 
miles;  and  Warruns,  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  distant.  The  supplies  to  these  mining-camps  are 
carried  by  pack-animals  only.  Placer-claims  are  mostly  worked,  and  pay  well  when  a  good  supply 
of  water  can  be  obtained  for  mining  purposes.  Scattering  farms  and  stock-ranches  are  found  along 
the  different  routes  to  the  above-mentioned  mining-camps.  The  nearest  military  posl  east  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains  is  Fort  Shaw,  Montana  Territory,  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  miles  distant. 


CAMP   SAX   JUAN    ISLAND,    WASHINGTON    TERRITORY. 

^Established  August,  1859.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN    BY  LIEUTENANT  CHARLES   BIRD,  TWENTY-THIRD   INFANTRY,   JULY,    I860,  THE 
ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTEE  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude.  48°  28'  north;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  L23°  L'  west.  Altitude  of  barom 
eter  above  the  sea,  150  feet.  This  post  was  established  under  peculiar  circumstances.  During  the 
spring  or  summer  of  1859  a  disturbance  arose  between  the  American  settlers  on  the  island  and  the 
Hudson  Hay  Company's  men,  who  claimed  that  the  island  was  part  of  the  colony  of  Vancouver's 
Island.  The  treaty  of  1846  establishing  the  boundary  line  between  the  United  States.  British 
Columbia,  and  Vancouver's  Island  was  not  explicit  in  stating  which  channel  was  the  dividing  water 
between  the  main  land  of  Washington  Territory  and  Vancouver's  Island.  The  British  authorities 
claimed  that  Rosario  Strait,  that  is  the  channel  nearest  the  main  land  of  Washington  Territory,  is 
the  dividing  channel  ;  while  the  United  States  authorities  claimed  that  llaro  Strait,  that  is  the  one 
nearest  Vancouver's  Island,  is  the  channel  referred  to  in  the  treaty.  San  Juan  Island,  lying  between 
these  two  straits,  became  disputed  territory.  The  American  citizens  on  San  .Juan  aboul  this  time 
applied  to  the  military  authorities  for  protection  against  neighboring  and  northern  Indians,  and 
Captain  George  E.  Pickett,  Ninth  Infantry,  then  stationed  at  Bellingham  Pay,  was  ordered  to  San 
Juan  Island  with  his  company  for  that  purpose.  The  governor  of  the  colony  of  Vancouver's  Island, 
James  Douglass,  esq.,  made  preparations  to  dislodge  by  force  the  United  States  troops  in  tempo- 
rary occupation  of  the  island,  and  directed  the  ships  of  war  then  in  the  harbor  of  Esquimault  to 
proceed  to  San  Juan  Island.  On  the  matter  assuming  a  hostile  appearance,  General  Harney,  then 
in  command  of  the  Department  of  Oregon,  with  headquarters  at  Fort  Vancouver,  Washington  Ter- 
ritory, ordered  the  troops  stationed  at  Fort  Steilacoom,  Washington  Territory,  Port  Townsend, 
Washington  Territory,  and  Fort  Vancouver.  Washington  Territory,  to  proceed  to  San  Juan  Island, 
and  report  to  Lieutenant  Colonel  Silas  Casey,  Ninth  Infantry,  for  duty,  who  was  then  in  command. 
Fortifications  or  earthworks  were  at  once  erected,  using  the  guns  of  the  United  States  propeller 
Massachusetts.  On  the  arrival  of  General  Scott,  commander  in  chief  of  the  United  States  Army, 
and  Admiral  Paynes,  commander  in  chief  of  Pier  Britannic  Majesty's  naval  force  in  the  Pacific,  it 
was  agreed  that  there  should  exist  a  joint  military  occupancy  of  the  island  of  not  more  than  an 
aggregate  of  100  men,  until  the  question  of  title  be  settled,  which  occupancy  still  continues.  The 
station  was  first  called  Camp  Pickett,  by  order  of  Colonel  Casey,  August  10,  1859,  and  the  name 
was  not  changed  until  July  1863,  when  it  was  called  by  Major  G.  Bissell,  Ninth  Infantry.  San  Juan, 
and  remained  so  until  March,  1S<>7,  when  it  was  called  Camp  Steele,  after  General  Fred.  Steele,  who 
commanded  the  Department  of  the  Columbia  at  that  time.  It  was  afterwards  changed  to  Camp 
San  Juan  Island,  Washington  Territory,  on  account  of  there  being  a  post  in  Wyoming  Territory 
called  Fort  Fred.  Steele. 

QUARTERS. — Officers'  quarters— one  building,  frame,  one  and  one-half  stories  high,  witli  porch 
in  front;  one  building,  double  frame,  with  front  porch;  one  double  building  built  of  cedar  and 
weather  boarded,  with  porch  in  front  and  on  each  side  ;  one  building  built  of  logs,  shingle  roof,  with 


108  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITAKY  POSTS  AND  .STATIONS. 

porch  in  front.  Each  has  a  yard  and  garden  attached,  surrounded  by  a  high  board  fence.  Men's 
quarters — one  building,  0!)J  by  11  feet,  built  of  boards,  with  shingle  roof;  one  building  20  by  12 
feet,  with  addition  13  feet  square,  built  of  boards,  with  shingle  roof;  one  building,  25^  by  12  feet, 
built  of  logs  and  covered  with  shingles.  The  accommodations,  as  regards  room,  are  quite  insuf- 
ficient for  even  the  present  number  of  men,  (68.)  They  are  very  low,  badh  ventilated,  and 
constantly  require  repairs.  Four  sets  of  laundresses'  quarters,  one  built  of  logs,  the  others  of  old 
lumber. 

Mess-EOOM. — One  building,  40  by  18  feet,  built  of  logs  and  shingled  ;  has  a  shed  attached,  18 
by  11J  feet,  containing  range,  and  every  facility  for  cleanliness. 

Storehouses. — Quartermaster's  store-house,  30  by  20  feet,  built  of  old  lumber;  is  in  good  con- 
dition, and  has  capacity  for  one  year's  supply  of  quartermaster's  stores  and  clothing,  camp  and 
garrison  equipage  for  one  company.  Shed,  10  by  0i  feet,  attached.  Commissary  storehouse.  30 
feet  square;  new  frame  building;  has  capacity  for  six  months'  supply  of  stores  for  one  company. 

Hospital. — One  building,  :;:;  by  is  feet,  frame,  covered  with  shingles,  containing  steward's 
quarters,  dispensary,  mess-room,  and  kitchen.  One  building,  (the  hospital  proper,)  23  by  20  feet, 
new,  with  porch  in  front;   is  well  lighted  and  ventilated,  and  has  accommodations  for  six  patients- 

Stables. — One  two-story  building,  frame,  covered  with  shingles;  first  floor  4!U,  by  30  feet 
second  floor,  4\h\  by  30  feet ;  capacity  for  one  year's  supply  of  hay.  A  frame  building,  36  by  20  feet, 
shingled,  is  attached,  containing  a  large  bin,  with  capacity  for  30,000  pounds  of  grain  :  building  in 
good  condition.     A  wooden  shed  on  north  side  of  stable,  20  by  14  feet,  is  used  as  shelter  for  oxen. 

Cakpenteu-siiop,  &c. — Carpenter-shop,  -'J  by  20 feet;  old  log  building,  covered  with  shingles. 
Blacksmith-shop,  2]  by  14  feet;  small  frame  building,  in  good  condition.  One  building,  27  by  IS 
feet,  built  of  logs  and  covered  with  shingles,  is  used  as  a  bake-house.  One  small  frame  building, 
surrounded  by  a  porch,  used  as  adjutant's  office.  One  old  frame  building,  26  by  12  feet,  used  as 
quartermaster's  and  commissary's  office. 

Supply-depot. — Quartermaster's  and  commissary  stores  are  furnished  direci  from  San  Fran- 
cisco, California.  Stores  can  be  supplied  as  cheap  from  San  Francisco  as  from  Portland,  Oregon,  and 
saves  reshipment.  They  are  generally  delivered  direct  by  the  United  States  Steamer  Newbern, 
otherwise  they  go  to  Port  Townsend,  Washington  Territory,  and  are  delivered  here  by  the  freight 
contractor.  The  whole  year's  supply  of  quartermaster's  stores  is  furnished  on  one  estimate.  Com- 
missary stores  are  required  for  every  three  months. 

WATER. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  a  spring  at  least  a  mile  distant,  by  water  carts. 
In  wilder  one  cart  is  sufficient,  but  in  summer  two  are  required. 

Wood. — Wood  is  supplied  by  the  labor  of  the  troops.     It  consists  of  pine,  fir,  and  alder. 

INDIANS. — The  tribe  of  Indians  immediately  around  the  post  is  the  Flathead,  divided  into 
several  clans,  such  as  the  Sannah,  Lummie,  Victoria,  and  Callums. 

Communication. — Our  mail,  passenger,  and  freight  communication  is  with  Port  Townsend, 
Washington  Territory,  about  thirty-five  miles  distant,  by  steamer,  as  per  contract  between  General 
Saxton  and  Thomas  Coupe.  The  mail  is  delivered  once  a  week  at  $300  per  month.  Troops  are 
carried  at  $1  50  per  man ;  officers  $2  50;  freight,  $5  per  ton  measurement — all  in  legal- tenders. 
There  being  no  post-office  here,  our  mail  is  made  up  at  Olympia,  Washington  Territory,  by  regular 
mail  service,  and  from  there  as  stated  above.  The  nearest  town  is  Victoria,  British  Columbia, 
twenty  miles  distant,  which  has  always  been  connected  by  steamer  until  tins  year. 

RESERVATION. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  located  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.  All  the  southern  extremity  of  the  island  from  a  point  half  a  mile  north  of  the  flag-staff 
is  reserved. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  COUNTRY,  &C. — The  post  is  situated  on  the  southern  pari  of  the  island,  about 
two  miles  from  its  extremity,  and  near  the  old  station  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company.  The  Strait 
of  San  Juan  de  Fuca,  which  partially  bounds  the  island  on  the  west,  is  bete  about  twenty-five 
miles  wide,  and  separates  it  from  the  main  land  of  Washington  Territory,  along  the  coast  of  which 
stretches  the  Olympian  l.'angc  To  the  south  is  seen  Mount  Rainier,  and  to  the  cast  .Mount  Baker, 
two  of  the  highest  mountains  <>n  the  Pacific  Coast,  while  connecting  them  are  the  serrated  peaks 
of  the  Cascade  range,  'the  neighboring  straits  are  studded  with  beautiful  islands,  thicklj  wooded, 
on  which,  as  well  as  this  island,  are  found  deer,  beaver,  and  mink  in  abundance.     The  waters   heir 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  109 

abound  in  fish,  such  as  salmon,  halibut,  flounder,  rock-cod,  and  herring,  and,  in  some  of  the  bays, 
whiting  and  smelt.  The  Indians  catch  them  in  large  quantities,  and  smoke  them  for  winter  use 
The  soil  is  a  light  sandy  loam,  the  greater  portion  of  it  arable,  and  the  alder  bottoms  are  peculiarly 
adapted  to  raising  hay  and  grain,- of  which  there  is  more  than  sufficient  produced  to  supply  the 
demands  of  the  post.  There  are  a  large  number  of  sheep  and  cattle  raised  on  the  island,  and  the 
quality  of  San  Juan  mutton  is  celebrated.  Timber,  plentiful ;  cedar,  pine,  fir,  and  alder  abound. 
The  climate  is  equable,  with  neither  extremes  of  heat  or  cold.  Average  temperature — thermom- 
eter, 51.86;  hygrometer,  48.69.     The  island  is  quite  thickly  settled,  and  very  healthy. 


SITKA,  ALASKA. 

(Established  October,  1867.) 

INFORMATION  OBTAINED  FROM  VARIOUS   SOURCES. 

Location. — Situated  on  Baranoff  Island,  in  latitude  57  2' 52"  north;  longitude  135  17' 54". 
Post-office  at  the  post.  Fort  Wrangel,  Alaska,  distant  about  two  hundred  and  twenty  miles,  is  the 
nearest  settlement. 

Ql  aimeiis. — For  enlisted  men — one  building,  66  by  7L'  feet:  three  stories  high ;  stone  foundation  ; 
capacity  for  one  company  of  infantry  and  one  of  artillery,  for  officers — four  buildings,  one  of  two 
stories,  50  by  87  feet,  stone  foundation ;  one  of  two  stories,  43  bj   LOO  feet,  stone  foundation;  two 

one-story  buildings,  35  by  55  feet,   and   41  by  116   feet,  respectively.     For  laundresses — tw e- 

Story  buildings,  one  80  by  55  feet,  the  other  24  by  32  feel.  All  are  built  of  hewn  logs,  have 
shingled  roofs,  and  are  in  fair  condition,  except  quarters  of  enlisted  men  and  laundresses,  which 
require  extensive  repairs. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster's,  two-story  frame  building,  34  by  155  feet;  boarded,  with  shingle 
roof  and  stone  foundation;  capacity  for  one  year's  supply  for  two  companies.  Oommissary,  44 
by  74  feet;  one  story  high ;  built  of  hewn  logs,  with  copper  roof*  and  stone  foundation;  capacity 
for  one  year's  supply  for  two  companies.     Both  buildings  in  fair  condition. 

Hospital. — One  two-story  building,  41  by  85  feet;  built  of  hewn  logs,  with  stone  foundation  and 
shingled  roof;  in  fair  condition. 

OFFICES. — One  two-story  building,  36  by  70  feet;  built  of  hewn  logs;  stone  foundation,  and 
shingled  roof:  in  fair  condition. 

Magazine.— One  one-story  building,  It)  by  58  feet;  built  of  hewn  logs;  stone  foundation;  sheet- 
iron  roof;    in  fair  condition.     All  the  above,  buildings  were  received  by  transfer  with  the  Territory. 

Forage-shed,  shops,  &c. — The  following  buildings  were  erected  by  the  Quartermaster's  Depart- 
ment: Forage- shed,  65  by  30  feet;  one  story;  built  of  lumber.  Blacksmith  shop,  16  by  26  feet; 
one  story;  framed  and  boarded.  Carpenter,  saddler,  and  paint  shopiu  a  one-story  building.  67  bj 
is  feef  ;  framed  and  boarded.  Bake  house,  25  by  18  feet ;  one  story;  framed  and  boarded.  Indian 
market,  one  story  building,  If  by  18  feet;  framed  and  boarded.  Steam  saw-mill,  one-story  build- 
ing, 70  by  264  feet ;  framed  and  boarded  ;  log  foundation.  All  have  shingled  roofs,  and  are  in  good 
condition. 

SuPPLY-DEroT. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depot  is  at  San  Francisco.  Cali- 
fornia, about  one  thousand  three  hundred  and  eighty  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by 
water.     Supplies  can  be  transported  at  all  seasons  of  the  year. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

WATER. — The  garrison  is  supplied  with  water  by  carts  from  Indian  river,  running  one  mile  in 
rear  of  the  post. 

Wool). — Wood  is  furnished  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

Indians. — The  nearest  Indians  are  the  Eolosh  and  Sitkas.  The  Indian  village  is  separated 
from  the  post  by  a  palisade. 


HO  DESCRIPTIONS  OP  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Communication. — Communication  between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  water. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Surrounding  country  mountainous.  Soil  not  arable.  A  few 
summer  vegetables  can  be  raised.  Timber,  plentiful,  consisting  of  spruce,  fir,  and  cedar.  Health 
of  locality,  good.    Average  temperature  in  1869,  58°.    Pain-fall  in  1869,  94.21. 


FORT  STEVENS,  OREGON. 

(Established  in  18G5.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  LIEUTENANT  JOHN  E.  WILSON,  SECOND  ARTILLERY,  JUNE,  1870,  THE  ACTING 

ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. Latitude,  40°  22'  30"  north;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  123°  56'  56"  west.     Post 

office  at  Astoria,  Oregon,  the  nearest  town,  eight  miles  distant. 

QUARTERS.— Officers'  quarters — four ;  plastered  and  hard-finished;  fronts  painted,  sides  and 
baric  whitewashed;  surrounded  by  good  fences.  Men's  quarters,  one  building,  100  by  32  feet; 
capacity  for  one  hundred  men.  Mess-room  in  rear  of  men's  quarters.  All  built  of  plank,  and  in 
good  repair.  Laundresses'  quarters,  two  buildings  built  of  boards,  with  shingled  roofs;  white- 
washed, and  in  good  repair. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster  and  commissary  in  one  building,  113  by  31  feet  ;  one  and  one- 
half  stories  high.  Ordnance  store-house,  one  building,  SI  by  22  feet :  one  story  high ;  built  of 
boards;  shingled  and  whitewashed. 

HOSPITAL.— Built  of  boards,  47  by  25i  feet;  painted  and  whitewashed.  Kitchen.  24  by 
22  feet,  in  rear  of  and  connected  with  main  building;  contains  bath-room,  12  by  7  feet,  and 
pantry,  12  by  7  feet.  In  main  building  two  wards,  each  24  by  15  feet  ;  steward's  room,  13  by  11 
feet,  and  dispensary  ;  capacity,  ten  beds. 

Guard-house. — One  building,  built  of  4  by  12-inch  lumber,  and  contains  guard-room  and 
twenty  cells,  each  12  by  7  feet,  and  divided  into  three  compartments.  The  building  is  T-shaped; 
length  of  cross  part,  09  by  32  feet ;  other  part,  28  by  24  feet. 

Stables,  &C. — One  building,  40  by  30  feet;  built  of  boards;  whitewashed;  contains  thirty 
stalls.  There  is  also  a  loft  for  forage.  A  forage  shed,  100  by  30  feet,  built  of  boards  and  white- 
washed, with  floor  made  of  saplings,  used  to  store  the  yearly  supply  of  forage.  The  front  portion 
is  divided  into  stalls  for  public  oxen. 

Bake-house,  &c. — One  building,  35  by  12  feet,  containing  oven  capable  of  baking  bread 
daily  for  two  hundred  men.  One  carpenter's  shop,  two  stories  high;  built  of  wood,  and  white- 
washed ;  not  in  good  repair.  One  small  building  in  rear  of  stable,  used  as  a  blacksmith's  shop ;  not 
in  good  repair. 

POST  cemetery. — The  cemetery  is  165  by  1(14  feet,  surrounded  by  a  picket-fence,  whitewashed. 
It  has  been  sown  with  grass-seed. 

Supply-depots. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depot  is  at  Fori  Vancouver, 
Washington  Territory,  about  one  hundred  and  ten  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  steamer 
from  Vancouver,  via  Portland  and  Astoria.  Oregon.  Supplies  can  be  obtained  at  all  seasons  of  the 
year. 

Subsistence. — From  three  to  four  months'  supply  kept  on  hand. 

WATER. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  for  driukiug  purposes  from  wells.  There  is  also  a 
tank  to  each  set  of  officers'  quarters;  There  is  lumber  on  hand  to  build  two  large  tanks  for  com- 
pany quarters  and  stables. 

"Wood. — Wood  is  supplied  by  the  garrison.  Fir,  alder,  and  drift-wood  ou  the  beach  in  large 
quantities. 

Indians. — The  uearesl  Indians  are  of  the  Clatsop  tribe,  a  branch  of  the  Chinooks. 
Communication  between  post  and   nearest  tow  u  is  by  steamer,  chartered  bj  the  Government. 
Reservation. — The  reservation  is  a  square  mile,  but  its  hunts  are  not  defined. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  Ill 

Description  op  country,  &c. — The  post  is  situated  on  a  point  of  land  (Point  Adams)  on 
Hie  south  side  of  the  Columbia  River.  The  quarters  are  some  distance  from  the  water.  There  is 
a  wide  beach  covered  with  drift-wood.  Timber  in  great  quantities.  There  is  a  long  wharf,  at 
present  nearly  useless,  as  there  is  twenty  yards  of  beacb  beyond  it  ai  low  tide,  and  a  vessel  drawing 
over  six  feet  cannot  get  alongside  at  any  time.  Potatoes,  cabbage,  and  a  few  other  vegetables  can  be 
raised.  There  is  only  one  road  leading  out  of  the  post,  and  it  conies  out  on  the  county  road  about 
five  miles  from  the  post.  The  beach  has  washed  away,  so  that  it  is  impossible  to  get  around  the 
point,  (Adams.)  The  beach  is  continually  shifting — making  and  losing.  Climate  pleasant  and 
uniform.  Fires  required  nearly  every  day  during  the  year.  Average  temperature,  54.15.  Health 
of  locality  good.  No  deaths  except  from  violence.  Prevailing  winds  in  wilder  from  the  south- 
west and  southeast,  and  in  summer  strong  sea-breeze  from  northwest.  What  is  called  the  rainy 
season  in  this  vicinity  lasts  from. October  to  April,  both  months  inclusive,  and  during  that  time 
(in  1868)  51.74  inches  fell.     There  are  no  settlements  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  post. 


CAMP  THREE  FORKS,  OWYHEE,  IDAHO  TERRITORY. 

(Established  1866.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN    BY  SECOND   LIEUTENANT  G.  B.  McDERMOTT,  TWENTY-THIRD  INFANTRY,  JULY, 
1870,  POST  QUARTERMASTER  AND  COMMISSARY  OF  SUBSISTENCE  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  42°  51'  north;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  11^°  50'  west.  Post-office  at 
Silver  City,  Owyhee  County,  Idaho  Territory,  the  nearest  town,  distance  about  forty  miles. 

Quarters. — Quarters  for  two  hundred  men,  built  of  logs ;  interstices  plastered  with  earth; 
roof  shingled.  The  quarters  are  not  in  good  condition,  having  been  built  late  in  the  year.  Within 
six  weeks  they,  as  well  as  other  buildings,  wen-  built  and  occupied.  Officers'  quarters — two  build- 
ings, built  of  logs,  with  shingle  roofs;  both  leaky  and  in  poor  condition. 

STORE-HOUSES. — One  quartermaster  and  commissary  storehouse,  (il  by  20  feet,  14  feet  high; 
capacity  for  supplies  for  two  companies  for  one  year;  built  of  fir  logs;  roof  shin-led;  hastily  con- 
structed, and  constantly  in  bad  repair.  One  commissary  storeroom  for  sales,  20  by  LSi  feet,  14  feet 
high  ;  in  bad  repair. 

Hospital. — Built  of  fir  logs;  roof  shingled.  Dispensary,  office,  and  steward's  room  in  the 
north  end  of  building;  size,  20  by  12  feet;  mean  height,  8  feet.  Ward  adjoins  the  dispensary; 
size,  24  by  20  feet;  mean  height,  8  feel ;  capacity  for  eight  beds.  Ward  is  adjoined  on  the  south 
by  the  hospital  kitchen  ;  size  of  room.  20  by  12  feet,  14  feet  high  ;  and  this  room  is  adjoined  on  the 
south  by  the  post  bakery  ;  size  of  room,  20  by  12  feet,  and  14  feet  high.  Bakery  contains  one  oven. 
17  A  by  ~J.T  feet. 

Guard-house,  &c. — Built  of  logs;  roof  shingled;  no  cells.  Quartermaster's  corrals  built  of 
logs;  condition  serviceable.  Stables  built  of  logs,  with  board  roof.  All  the  buildings  are  leaky, 
and  in  bad  repair. 

Supply-depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster's  and  subsistence  depot  is  at  Fort  Vancouver, 
Washington  Territory,  but  in  point  of  convenience  San  Francisco,  California,  is  by  far  the  best. 
Freight  is  forty  days  usually  between  Fort  Vancouver  and  this  post,  and  fourteen  days  from  San 
Francisco.  The  distance  to  Fort  Vancouver  is  five  hundred  and  eighteen  miles;  to  San  Francisco, 
six  hundred  and  seventy-two  miles.  The  route  of  supply  from  Fort  Vancouver  is  by  wagon  road; 
from  San  Francisco,  by  rail  to  Winneniucca,  Nevada,  and  by  wagon  road  from  that  point.  Supplies 
can  be  transported  only  during  the  summer  and  autumn  months,  owing  to  heavy  snows  iu  the  winter 
and  soft  roads  in  the  spring. 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  contract. 

Water. — The  post  is  supplied  by  wells,  three  in  number,  and  by  a  small  creek  called  Dry 
Creek,  which  dries  up  during  the  latter  part  of  summer,  and  remains  so  until  winter. 

INDIANS. — There  are  no  Indians  known  to  lie  in  the  vicinity  of  the  camp,  with  the  exc  ption  of 
a  few  small  bands  of  friendly  Shoshones,  who  are  to  the  southward  and  eastward. 


112  DESCBIPTIONS  OF  MILITAEY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Communication  between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road. 

Eeservation. — There  arc  four  reserves,  which  have  been  declared  by  the  President,  and  pub- 
lished in  General  Orders  No.  29,  Department  of  the  Columbia,  series  1869.  They  consist  of  the  posl 
reserve,  H  by  1  miles;  the  wood  reserve,  2  by  1  miles ;  the  grazing  reserve,  2  by  2  miles;  and 
the  water  reserve,  25  yards  on  each  side  of  Dry  Creek,  and  extending  about  four  miles. 

Description  of  country,  &o. — To  the  north  and  east  the  country  is  hilly  and  mountainous; 
to  the  south  and  west  it  is  an  eternal  plateau  and  rolling  table-land,  covered  with  sage-brush,  lava- 
rock,  and  some  alkali.  There  is  no  timber  near  the  camp,  but  on  South  .Mountain,  six  or  seven 
miles  distant,  there  is  considerable  fir  timber,  which  furnishes  fuel  for  the  camp,  and  is  generally 
delivered  by  contractors.  Juniper  or  dwarf-cedar  abounds  among  the  hills  six  or  seven  miles  to 
the  southeast.  The  bottom-land  on  each  side  of  the  creek,  for  a  short  distance  below  the  cam]),  is 
rich  and  arable.  Bunch-grass,  rye-grass,  red-top,  and  tide  grow  in,  the  vicinity.  Bunch-grass  covers 
all  the  neighboring  hills,  and  for  two  or  three  months  in  the  year  affords  good  grazing.  Climate 
rigorously  cold  in  winter,  with  great  depth  of  snow;  in  summer  warm,  with  frequent  and.  violent 
wind  storms.  Mean  temperature  from  January  to  June,  44.98;  from  July  to  December.  55. 
Average  fall  of  rain  during  one  year,  15-,  ^  inches.  Nearest  settlement,  in  the  valley  of  Jordan 
Creek,  fifteen  miles  distant. 


FORT  TONGASS,  ALASKA 

*     (Established  April,  1868.     Discontinued.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    BY    LIEUTENANT    F.    M.    RING,  SECOND   ARTILLERY,   JULY.    1870,    THE    ACTING 

ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  54°  4G'  north;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  1".1°  40'  west.  Post-office  at 
the  post.  The  post  is  built  upon  a  small  island,  two  miles  in  circumference,  irregular  in  outline, 
and  with  rocky  shores,  except  immediately  in  front  of  the  garrison,  where  there  is  a  small  sand 
beach.  It  is  separated,  from  the  main  land  by  a  deep  channel  of  from  .'!()()  to  500  yards  in  width. 
The  anchorage  is  good  and  well  protected,  but  difficult  of  access  for  sailing-vessels.  Portland 
Canal,  or  Niss  Straits,  the  boundary  line  of  British  Columbia,  is  distant  eight  miles  to  the  south- 
ward. The  garrison  faces  the  north,  and  in  winter  suffers  from  exposure  to  the  cold  when  north- 
erly gales  are  blowing. 

Quarters. — Officers'  quarters — one  built  of  lumber,  in  good  condition  ;  two  built  of  logs  and 
lumber,  temporary  structures,  in  poor  condition.  Men's  quarters — one  two  story  building,  L02  by 
31  feet,  built  of  logs,  lined  and  weather-boarded,  contains  two  rooms,  i  ach  10  bj  28  feet,  and  com- 
pany office  and  commanding  officer's  office,  28  by  15  feet :  second  story.  28  by  15  feet,  used  as  store- 
room for  company  property;  capacity  for  one  hundred  men;  in  good  condition.  Laundres 
quarters — temporary  building  of  lumber,  in  good  condition,  contains  s  rooms,  L2  by  15  feet  each  : 
by  weather-boarding  can  be  made  substantial  and  comfortable. 

STORE-HOUSES. — One  building,  40  by  28  feet,  built  of  logs,  lined  and  weather-boarded,  con- 
taining four  rooms,  each  20  by  28  feel — two  used  for  commissary  stores,  with  capacity  for  one  year's 
supply;  one  used  for  quartermaster's  stores,  and  one  for  clothing;  in  good  condition.  There  are 
also  seven  log-houses  built  by  employes.     Some  of  these  are  available  as  store-houses. 

Hospital. — Temporary  building  of  logs,  lined  with  lumber,  30  by  20  feet,  and  in  good  condi- 
tion. It  contains  wardroom,  is  by  ll  feet;  dispensary,  18  by  8  feet;  and  kitchen,  s  l>\  L2  feet. 
Store  room  in  rear  of  hospital,  built  of  lumber,  in  poor  condition. 

C,i  Ai;i)  house. — Temporary  building  of  logs,  lo  by  20  feet,  in  good  condition. 

Magazine. — A  magazine,  20  by  10  feet,  of  logs  and  lumber,  now  in  process  of  erection,  is 
nearly  completed. 

Stables. — A  shed,  no  bj  26  feci,  built  of  logs  and  lumber,  in  good  conditiou, is  used  as  a  stable 
and  store-house  for  hay  and  grain. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  113 

Bake-house,  &c. — A  bake-house,  24  by  16  feet,  with  store-house,  24  by  10  feet,  built  of  [umber, 
in  good  condition.  One  building,  4()  by  24  feet,  built  of  lumber,  used  as  :i  carpenter  and  black- 
smith shop,  in  good  condition.    School-house,  24  by  12  feet,  built  of  lumber,  in  good  condition. 

Supply-depot. — The  nearest   quartermaster  aud  subsistence  depot   is 'it  Portland,  Oregon. 

The  route  of  supply  is  by  water.     Supplies  can  be  t  ransporl  ed  at  all  seasons  of  the  \  ear. 

St  BSISTENCE. — One  year's  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water. — An  abundance  of  good  water  can  be  obtained  from  springs  on- the  island. 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

INDIANS. — The  nearest  Indians  are  the  Tongas  tribe.  Their  village  is  within  500  yards  of  the 
garrison.  They  number  about  one  hundred  men.  women,  and  children.  They  are  peaceable  and 
well  disposed.  The  Hydahs,  Chimsains,  Nascars,  and  ( 'ape  Fox  Indians  often  visit  the  post.  They 
are  well  disposed. 

Communication. — Communication  with  San  Francisco,  California,  per  quartermaster  steamer 
Newbern.  three  times  a  year;  by  mail  steamer  George  S.  Wright,  with  Portland,  Oregon,  Fort 
Wrangell,  and  Sitka,  Alaska,  once  a  month. 

Reservation. — The  island  on  which  the  post  is  built  is  held  as  a  reservation. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  surrouudmg  country  is  mountainous,  and  heavily  tim 
bered  with  spruce,  hemlock,  and  red  cedar.  Yellow  cedar  and  alder  are  also  found,  but  are  not 
plentiful.  The  soil  is  a  mixture  of  sand  and  loam.  It  is  \  cry  wet,  but  arable  when  well  exposed  to 
the  sun.  Potatoes,  turnips,  and  most  garden  vegetables  can  be  raised.  There  is  but  little  grass, 
owing  to  the  thickness  of  the  timber.  The  climate  is  moist  and  mild,  occasionally  warm  in  summer. 
Average  temperature — thermometer,  45.1)4  Fahrenheit;  hygrometer,  14.85.  The  yearly  rainfall  is 
preat — 135.64  inches.  Forts  Simpson  and  Metlacahtla,  British  Columbia,  distant  respectively 
eighteen  and  thirty  miles,  are  the  nearest  settlements.  Fort  Wrangell,  the  nearest  military  post, 
is  distant  one  hundred  and  eighty  miles  to  the  northward. 


FORT  VANCOUVER,  WASHINGTON  TERRITORY. 

(The  records  of  this  post  are  incomplete.     Supposed  to  have  been  established  in  1849.) 
INFORMATION  FURNISHED  I'.Y  CAPTAIN  E.  D.  BAKER,  ACTING  QUARTERMASTER,  OCTOBER,  1870. 

Location. — Latitude,  45°  10'  north;  longitude,  122°  40' west.  Known  as  the  chief  post  of  the 
Hudson  Bay  Company  prior  to  its  occupancy  by  the  United  States  Government.  Situated  on  the 
Columbia  Liver,  one  hundred  and  twenty-four  miles  from  its  month.  Post-office  in  the  old  town 
of  Vancouver,  adjoining  the  reserve.  The  nearest  city  is  Portland,  Oregon,  distant  eight  miles  by 
land  and  eighteen  by  water. 

QUARTERS. — One  commandant's  quarters,  built  of  logs,  hard-finished,  containing  eight  rooms 
and  two  attics,  with  two  kitchens  attached,  needing  repairs.  Six  double  sets  officers' quarters,  built 
of  logs,  with  kitchens  attached,  needing  repairs.  Four  single  sets  officers'  quarters,  frame,  with 
kitchens  attached,  hard-finished,  and  in  good  order.  Two  company  quarters,  built  of  logs,  capacity 
for  one  company  each,  in  poor  order,  needing  repairs.  Two  companj  quarters,  frame,  capacity  for 
two  companies  each,  needing  repairs.  One  guard-house,  frame,  needing  repairs.  One  billiard- 
hall,  frame,  in  good  order.  One  adjutant's  office,  frame,  in  good  order.  One  bake  house,  frame. 
with  two  ovens,  needing  repairs.  Nine  laundresses'  quarters,  for  ten  families,  in  very  poor  order, 
needing  repairs. 

HOSPITAL. — Two-story  frame  building,  three  large  wards  on  first  floor  and  one  surgery  and 
dispensary;  two  wards  on  second  floor;  capacity  for  thirty  beds;  hard-finished  and  in  good  order. 

Stables. — One  frame  building,  capacity  for  seventy-two  horses,  in  good  order:  one  frame 
building,  capacity  for  eighty-four  horses,  net-ding  repairs. 

Sheds. — One  battery-shed  for  six  guns  and  caissons,  in  good  order;  one  frame  building,  lot 
storing  lumber,  coal,  iron,  and  wagon  materials,  in  good  order. 
15 


11-4  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Wuaef. — Situated  in  front  of  and  between  commissary  and  quartermaster's  store-houses, 
extending  into  the  river  to  twenty-nine  feet  depth  of  water  at  low-water  mark,  and  adapted  for 
transferring  supplies  at  all  stages  of  the  river,  in  good  order. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster's,  50  by  4<>  feet,  two  stories  high,  with  extension  toward  the 
river  50  by  40  feet,  one  story  high,  with  cellar;  frame  and  in  good  order;  capacity  for  supplies  for 
one  thousand  men  for  one  year.  Commissary,  50  by  40  feet,  two  stories  high,  with  cellar;  frame 
and  in  good  order;  capacity  for  supplies  for  one  thousand  men  for  one  year. 

Offices. — Two  small  frame  buildings,  used  for  quartermaster  and  eommissai-y  offices,  situated 
convenient  to  store-houses,  needing  repairs. 

Quartermaster's  house  and  stable. — The  quartermaster's  house  is  a  frame  building 
situated  near  the  depot,  contains  eight  rooms  and  kitchen,  hard-finished,  and  in  good  order.  Sta- 
bles— frame  building,  witli  hay  loft,  capacity  for  fifty  animals,  in  good  order. 

Corral. — Corral  200  feet  square,  built  of  lumber,  with  hay-racks  and  feed-troughs;  well,  with 
force  and  lift  pump  in  center;  needing  repairs. 

Granakies. — Two  frame  buildings,  capacity  for  150,000  pounds  of  grain  in  each,  in  good  order. 

Barns. — Hay-barns — three  frame  buildings,  capacity  for  125  tons  of  hay,  each,  in  good  order. 
Straw  barn — one  frame  building,  capacity  for  forty  tons,  in  good  order. 

SHOPS. — Blacksmith-shop — frame  building,  with  one  forge,  in  good  order.  One  frame  building, 
containing  carpenter-shop,  four  benches;  saddler-shop,  one  bench ;  paint-shop  for  one  painter,  in 
good  order. 

ENGINE-HOUSE. — Frame  building  for  lire-engine,  hose  cart,  and  meeting-hall,  in  good  order. 

Roofing. — All  the  buildings  are  roofed  with  shingles. 

Fences. — Four  inclosures,  in  very  bad  order;  posts  nearly  all  rotted  off  and  rails  broken; 
should  be  rebuilt  of  new  material. 

Indians. — Nearest  tribes  are  civilized;  names  not  known. 

WATER. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  by  the  Vancouver  Water  Company,  which  is  taken 
from  one  hydrant  and  distributed  to  the  different  quarters  by  the  post  water-wagon.  The  quarter- 
master's department  is  supplied  by  hauling  water  from  the  river. 

WOOD. — Fuel  is  purchased  by  contract. 

<  lOMMUNlCATlON. — By  the  Columbia  River. 

RESERVATION. — The  reservation  embraces  640  acres,  fronting  1,200  yards  on  the  Columbia 
River,  and  extending  back  one  and  one-half  mile.  Declared  a  reservation  by  the  Secretary  of  War 
October  20,  1853. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  surrounding  country  is  densely  wooded.  Soil,  black 
clay.  All  sorts  of  fruits,  grain,  and  vegetables  pertaining  to  a  northern  climate,  can  be  raised. 
The  climate  is  even  and  mild.  Average  temperature,  52.13,  divided  as  follows:  Spring,  51.10 ; 
summer,  02;  fall,  53.55;  winter,  42.43. 


FORT  WALLA  WALLA,  WASHINGTON  TERRITORY. 

(Established  1856.     Discontinued.) 

information  GIVEN  BY  SAMUEL  1».  SMITH,  QUARTERMASTER'S  AGENT,  JUNE,  L870. 

Location.— Latitude,  46°  2'   59";   longitude  from  Greenwich,  lis    23'  48".     Post-office   at 
the  town  of  Walla-Walla,  about  half  a   mile  distant  from  the  foil. 

Quarters. — Barracks  and  kitchens  for  six  companies.    Two  of  the  buildings  are  built  of  logs 

and  weather-boarded  :  tin-  others  are  frame  buildings,  lined  with  sun  dried  bricks.  Officers*  quar- 
ters— live  double  sels;  frame  buildings,  one  and  one  half  stories  high  :  lined  with  sun-dried  bricks  ; 
walls  covered  with  cloth,  and  papered ;  plastered  overhead.  One  frame  building  adjacent  to  the 
hospital,  containing  four  rooms,  was  occupied  by  (lie  post  surgeon.  Laundresses'  quarters — two 
one-Story  frame  buildings,  each  loll  by  20  feet;   unfinished.     All  these  buildings  require  repairs. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  115 

Store-houses.— Quartermaster's,  94  by  30  feet ;  two  stories  high.  Commissary,  90  by  30 
feet ;  one  story  high.  Capacity  for  supplies  for  six  companies  for  one  year.  Both  store-houses  are 
good  frame  buildings,  built  in  the  must  substantial  manner,  and  arc  lined  throughout  with  adobe. 

Hospital. — Frame  building,  one  and  one-half  stories  high  ;  well  built;  lathed  and  plastered 
inside;  has  four  wards,  with  capacity  for  fifty  beds.  Dispensary  and  steward's  mom  in  main 
building.  Kitchen  and  dining-room  in  building  attached.  Storeroom  in  upper  story.  Building 
in  good  order. 

Guard-house. — Frame  building,  two  stories  high.  Prison  room  and  cells  on  ground  floor; 
officers' room  and  guard-room  on  second  floor;  needs  repairs. 

Office. — Adjutant's  office— one-story  frame  building,  42  by  18  feet;  two  office  rooms;  in 
good    order. 

Ordnance  store-rooms. — Two  one-story  frame  buildings,  each  30  by  20  feet  ;  one.  on  each 
side  of  guardhouse  ;  in  good  order. 

GRANARY. — Frame  building,  00  by  30  feet;  in  good  order;  capacity  for  000,000  pounds  of 
forage. 

Stables. — Frame  building,  80  by  4:!  feet ;  capable  of  stabling  thirty-six  animals  ;  with  loft 
of  capacity  for  thirty  tons  of  hay ;  well  and  substantially  built ;  in  good  order. 

Shops. — Frame  building,  60  by  25  feet;  one  and  one-hall'  stories  high;  one-half  used  as  a 
blacksmith-shop,  and  the  other  half  as  wheelwright  shop  ;  saddler-shop  up  stairs.     In  good  order. 

Bake-house. — Oven  in  fair  condition.  Building  of  no  value,  being  only  a  temporary  structure, 
built  in  1857,  of  cottouwood  logs  set  on  end,  and  are  now  almost  rotted  down. 

Corrals  and  sheds. — Temporary  structures,  much  dilapidated  and  decayed;  require  rebuild- 
ing before  they  can  be  used. 

Supply-depot. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Portland,  Oregon, 
and  Fort  Vancouver,  Washington  Territory,  distant  about  two  hundred  and  seventy-five  miles. 

Water.— The  supply  of  water  is  obtained  from  a  creek  immediately  in  rear  of  officers'  quar- 
ters by  water-wagon. 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  contract — cottouwood,  alder,  birch,  and  maple. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Walla-Walla,  Cayuse,  and  Umatillas,  on  Umatilla  reserva- 
tion, thirty  miles  south  of  the  post,  and  Nez  Percys,  on  their  reservation,  one  hundred  miles  east 
of  the  post. 

Communication. — With  Portland  by  steamer  to  Wallula,  thence  to  this  place  by  stage  tri- 
weekly, and  by  overland  stage  daily  from  the  east  and  Dalles. 

Reservations. — The  reservation  on  which  this  post  is  built  was  surveyed  and  set  apart  in 
1857,  and  is  one  mile  square.  There  are  also  wood  and  hay  reservations — the  former  a  tract  of  land 
two  miles  long  by  half  a  mile  wide,  located  on  Mill  Creek,  about  five  miles  east  of  the  post.  The 
timber  on  this  reserve  was  long  since  cut  and  used  by  the  troops  for  fuel.  The  hay  reserve  is  also 
two  miles  long  by  half  a  mile  wide.  It  is  located  ou  Dry  Creek,  about  seven  miles  north  of  the 
post,  and  will  furnish  annually,  if  properly  fenced  and  cared  for,  200  to  300  tons  of  good  wild  hay. 
Both  these  reserves  were  also  surveyed  and  set  apart  in  1857. 

Description  of  the  country,  &c. — Surrounding  country  rolling  prairie,  with  numerous 
small  streams,  the  banks  of  which  are  fringed  with  a  small  growth  of  cottouwood,  alder,  and  birch 
trees.  Timber  for  fencing  and  building  is  hauled  from  the  Blue  Mountains,  distant  eighteen  miles. 
Corn,  oats,  barley,  wheat,  all  kinds  of  vegetables,  and  fruits  grow  in  great  abundance.  Wild 
bunch-grass  grows  in  luxuriance,  and  stock  can  be  grazed  without  forage  for  from-  seven  to  eight 
months  in  the  year.  Climate,  warm  in  summer,  and  in  winter  the  temperature  is  no  colder  than  in 
Washington  City.     Health  of  locality,  good.     Country,  settled. 


lllj  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

CAMP  WARNER,  OREGON. 
(Established  1867.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  CAPTAIN  A.  C.  KISTLER,  TWENTY-THIED  INFANTRY,  JULY,  L870,  THE  ACTING 

ASSISTANT  Q1  ARTERMASTEE  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude,  42°;  longitude,  120°.  Mail  carried  by  an  expressman  to  Camp  Bidwell, 
California,  the  nearest  post-office,  forty-five  miles  distant.  Reno,  Nevada,  the  nearest  town,  about 
two  hundred  and  sixty  miles. 

Qi  arters. — (Quarters  lor  two  hundred  and  eighty  enlisted  men;  built  of  logs;  in  good  con- 
dition. Officers'  quarters,  seven — four  rooms  and  a  kitchen  each;  built  of  logs;  in  good  condition. 
Laundresses'  quarters,  six — built  of  logs:  in  good  condition. 

Staiu.es. — Stables  for  eighty  cavalry  horses;  built  of  logs;  in  good  condition.  Stables  for 
fifty  quartermaster's  animals:  built  of  plank:  in  good  condition. 

Storehouses. — Quartermaster's  store-house,  07  by  30  feet,  15  feet  high  ;  capacity  for  supplies 
for  three  companies  for  one  year;  built  of  logs;  roof  made  of  shingles:  in  good  condition.  Com- 
missary store  house,  Hid  by  •"><>  feet,  15  feet  high;  capacity  for  supplies  for  three  companies  for  one 
year;  built  of  logs;  roof  made  of  shingles;  in  good  condition.  Granary,  70  by  30  feet,  15  feet 
high  ;  capacity  for  700,000  pounds  of  grain  ;  built  of  logs;  roof  made  of  shingles  ;  in  good  condition. 

Hospital. — Hospital,  75  by  35  feet,  15  feet  high;  built  of  logs;  in  good  condition;  consists  of 
Six  apartments,  viz  :  Ward.  44  by  24  feet ;  kitchen,  20  by  12A  feet ;  dining-room,  lio  by  14  feet ;  bath- 
room, 14  by  13  feet;   dispensary,  It  by  14  feel  ;   steward's  room,  14  by  14  feet. 

GrUARD-HOUSE. — Guard-house,  40  by  30  feet,  15  feet  high  :  built  of  logs  ;  roof  made  of  shingles  ; 
in  good  condition. 

Corrals. — Quartermaster's  and  commissary  corrals  made  of  plank;  in  good  condition. 

Supply-depot. — The  nearest  quartermasters'  and  commissary  depots  are  at  San  Francisco, 
California,  about  six  hundred  miles  distant.  Supplies  transported  by  water  to  Portland,  Oregon, 
or  to  Reno,  Nevada,  by  rail,  and  from  both  places  to  this  post  by  wagon.  Supplies  cannot  be 
transported  during  spring  and  winter  season. 

Subsistence. — One  year's  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

WATER. — The  post  is  supplied  with  good  water  from  springs  around  the  garrison. 

Wood. — Wood  is  furnished  by  the  labor  of  enlisted  men. 

INDIANS. — Nearest  Indians  on  the  Klamath  Reservation. 

Communication.— Between  post  and  Camp  Bidwell,  California,  post-office,  by  expressman, 
and  from  Camp  Bidwell,  California,  to  Reno,  Nevada,  (railroad  depot,)  by  stage,  once  a  week. 
Communication  between  post  and  Camp  Harney,  Oregon,  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  miles,  by 
enlisted  men. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.     Five  square  miles  held  as  reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Surrounding  country,  hilly.  Soil,  stony,  and  until  for  culti- 
vation. Timber,  sufficient.  Vegetables  cannot  be  raised  within  five  miles.  Winter,  severe ;  warm 
dining  the  summer  months.     Health,  excellent.     No  settlements  within  eighteen  miles. 


MILITARY  DIVISION  OF  THE  ATLANTIC. 


MILITARY  DIVISION  OF  THE  ATLANTIC. 


The  Military  Division  of  the  Atlantic  was  first  established  on  tlie  27th  of  June,  18C5.  It  then 
consisted  of  five  military  departments,  viz: 

Department  of  the  East — embracing  the  New  England  States,  New  York,  and  New  Jersey. 

Middle  Department — embracing  the  States  of  West  Virginia,  Maryland,  (except  the  counties 
of  Montgomery,  that  part  of  Anne  Arundel  lying  smith  of  the  Annapolis  and  Elk  Ridge  Railroad, 
and  excluding  the  city  of  Annapolis,  Prince  George's,  Calvert,  Charles,  and  St.  Mary's,)  the  county 
of  Loudoun,  and  the  Shenandoah  Valley  as  far  south  as  and  including  Rockingham  County,  in  Vir- 
ginia, and  the  States  of  Delaware  and  Pennsylvania. 

Department  of  Virginia — embracing  the  State  of  Virginia,  excepting  Alexandria,  Fairfax, 
and  Loudoun  Counties,  and  the  Shenandoah  Valley  as  far  south  as  and  including  Rockingham 
County. 

Department  of  North  Carolina — embracing  the  State  of  North  Carolina. 

Department  of  South  Carollna — embracing  the  State  of  South  Carolina. 

On  the  6th  of  August,  1800,  by  order  of  the  President,  a  new  arrangement  of  military  divisions 
and  departments  was  made.  In  pursuance  ofthis  order,  the  Military  Division  of  the  Atlantic  was 
discontinued,  as  well  as  the  departments  composing  it,  except  the  Department  of  the  East,  which 
retained  its  old  limits,  with  the  addition  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.  Several  new  departments 
were  also  created.     One,  called  the 

Department  of  the  Potomac,  embraced  the  States  of  Virginia  and  West  Virginia.  An. 
other,  called  the 

Department  of  the  South,  embraced  the  States  of  North  Carolina  and  South  Carolina. 
The  States  of  Delaware  and  Maryland,  formerly  included  in  the  Middle  Department,  were  trans 
f erred  to  the 

Department  of  Washington,  which  embraced  also  the  District  of  Columbia. 

The  present  Division  of  the  Atlantic  was  created  by  order  of  the  President  on  the  12th  of 
February,  1808.     It  was  originally  composed  of  three_  military  departments,  viz  : 

Department  of  the  Lakes — embracing  the  States  of  Ohio,  Michigan,  Indiana,  Illinois,  and 
Wisconsin. 

Department  of  the  East — embracing  the  New  England  States,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  and 
Pennsylvania. 

Department  of  Washington — embracing  the  States  of  Delaware  and  Maryland  and  the 
District  of  Columbia. 

On  the  16th  of  March,  1809,  by  orders  from  the  War  Department,  (General  Orders  No.  18,)  the 
State  of  Illinois  was  transferred  from  the  Department  of  the  Lakes  to  the  Department  of  the  Mis- 
souri. The  Department  of  Washington  was  also  discontinued,  and  merged  into  the  Department 
of  the  East.  By  the  same  order,  the  First  Military  District,  embracing  the  State  of  Virginia,  was 
added  to  the  Division  of  the  Atlantic. 

Virginia  having  been  admitted  to  representation  in  Congress,  orders  were  issued  from  the  head- 
quarters of  the  Army,  dated  January  29,  1870,  discontinuing  the  First  Military  District,  and  cre- 
ating a  new  department,  called  the  Department  of  Virginia,  composed  of  the  States  of  Maryland, 
Virginia,  West  Virginia,  and  North  Carolina,  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  which  was  subsequently 
added.  This  department  also  formed  part  of  the  Military  Division  of  the  Atlantic.  The  division 
now  consisted  of  the 


120  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Department  op  the  Lakes — embracing  the  States  of  Ohio,  Michigan,  Indiana,  and  Wis- 
consin; the 

Department  op  the  East — embracing  the  New  England  States,  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  and  Delaware;  and  the 

Department  op  Virginia— embracing  the  States  of  Maryland,  Virginia,  West  Virginia, 
North  Carolina,  and  the  District  of  Columbia. 

On  the  1st  of  June,  1870,  the  Department  of  Virginia  was  discontinued,  and  the  territory  and 
troops  therein  were  transferred  to  the  Department  of  the  East.  At  the  same  time,  the  Department 
of  the  Lakes  was  enlarged  so  as  to  embrace  the  northern  frontier  as  far  east  as  Ogdensburgh. 
The  division  is  now  (September,  1870)  composed  of  two  military  departments,  viz: 

Department  op  the  East— embracing  the  New  England  States,  New  York,  (excepting  the 
northern  frontier  as  far  east  as  Ogdensburgh,)  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland, 
the  District  of  Columbia,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  and  North  Carolina. 

Department  of  the  Lakes — embracing  the.  States  of  Ohio,  Michigan,  Indiana,  Wisconsin, 
and  the  northern  frontier  of  New  York  as  far  east  as  Ogdensburgh. 


DEPARTMENT    OF    THE    EAST. 


P  C)  S  T  S    DESCRIBED. 


Adams,  Fort. 
Allegheny  Arsenal. 
Andrews,  Fort. 
Carlisle  Barracks. 
(  laswell,  Fort. 
Cbaniplain  Arsenal. 
Clark's  Point.  Fort  at. 
( lolumbus,  Fort. 
( lonsl itnt ion.  Fort. 
David's  Island. 
Delaware,  Fort. 
Dutch  Island,  Fort  on. 
Foote,  Fort. 
Frankford  Arsenal. 
Gorges,  Fort.     (Note.) 
Griswold,  Fort. 
Hal.-.  Fort. 
Hamilton,  Fort. 
Independence,  Fort. 
Johnson,  Fort. 


Kennebec  Arsenal. 
Knox.  Fort. 
I  - : 1 1 '. i \  ette,  Fort. 
Lee,  Fort. 

Long  Point  Batteries. 
Macon,  Fort. 
IF  t  Irary.  Fort. 
McHenry,  Foi  t. 
Mifflin,  Fort. 
Monroe  Arsenal. 
Monroe,  Fort. 
Montgomery,  Fort. 
New  York  Arsenal. 
Pickering,  Fort. 
Piki  sville  Arsenal. 
Phoenix,  Fort. 
Plattsburgh  Barracks. 
Popham,  Fort. 
Preble,  Fort. 
Raleigh,  North  Carolina. 


Rome  Arsenal. 

Sandy  Hook,  Fort. 

Scammel,  Fort.    ( Note.) 

Schuyler,  Fort. 

Schuylkill  Ars.   (Clothiugdcpot.) 

Sewell,  Fort. 

Springfield  Armory. 

Standisb,  Fort. 

Sullivan.  Fort. 

Trumbull,  Fort. 

Wadsworth,  Fort. 

Warren,  Fort. 

Washington  Arsenal. 

Washington,  Fort. 

Watertown  Arsenal. 

Watervliet  Arsenal. 

Willett's  Point. 

Winthrop,  Fort. 

Wolcott,  Fort. 

Wood,  Fort. 


POSTS  NOT  GARRISONED.  IX  CHARGE  OF  ORDNANCE  SERGEANTS. 

Forts  Lafayette  and  Schnyler  and  Fort  at  Sandy  Hook,  New  York  Harbor;  Fort  Utile.  New  HaveD,  Connecticut; 
Fort  Griswold.  New  London  Harbor;  Fort  Montgomery.  Ionises  Point,  New  York:  Fort  Winthrop,  Boston  Harbor, 
Massachusetts;  Forts  standisb  and  Andrews,  Plymouth,  Massachusetts;  Fort  Sewell,  Marblehead,  Massachusetts;  Fort 
Plucnix,  Fairliaven,  Massachusetts;  Fort  at  Clark's  Point,  New  Bedford,  Massachusetts.;  Long  Point  Batteries,  Prov- 
incetown,  Massachusetts ;  Forts  Scammel  and  Gorges,  Portland,  Maine ;  Fort  Knox,  Bucksport,  Maine ;  Fort  Popham, 
Parker's  Head,  Maine  :  Fort  Wolcott,  Newport,  Rhode  Island  :  Fort  on  1  tutch  Island.  Rhode  Island  :  Fort  Constitution, 
Newcastle,  X.w  Hampshire;  Fort  McCleary,  Kittery  Point.  Maine  ;  Fort  Delaware,  Delaware ;  Fori  Mifflin,  near  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania,  and  Fort  Caswell,  North  Carolina. 


FORT   ADAMS,   NEWPORT,    RHODE    ISLAND. 

(Established  on  the  old  fort  which  formerly  occupied  the  position.     The  present  one  was  first  garri- 
soned, in  1841,  by  two  companies  of  the  Second  Artillery.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JULY  14,  18T0,  BY  BREVET    MAJOR   GENERAL   HENRY  J.  HUNT.  COLONEL  FIFTH 

UNITED  STATES  ARTILLEPY,  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location. — On  Brenton's  Point,  one  mile  west  of  the  town  of  Newport,  the  nearest  post-office. 
QUARTERS. — The  quarters  for  officers  and  barracks  for  men   are  mainly  casemates;  they  are 
built  of  stone  and  brick,  with  heavy  arches  of  masonry,  on  which  earthen  parapets  and  banquettes 
16 


122  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

are  placed ;  they  are  damp,  ill  ventilated,  unhealthy  and  inconvenient — those  for  the  men  over- 
crowded. They  have  been  frequently  condemned  and  reported  as  unfit  for  quarters,  and,  upon  the 
repeated  orders  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  an  appropriation  was  once  made  for  officers'  quarters. 
The  money  was  sank  in  foundations,  which,  alter  years  of  delay,  were  taken  up  and  the  excavations 
filled  up,  leaving  a  pile  of  old  bricks.  From  their  dampness  and  other  inherent  evils  these  quar- 
ters are  neither  healthy,  comfortable,  nor  convenient,  and  from  want  of  facilities  for  storage  and 
care  of  supplies  they  are  exceedingly  expensive  to  the  occupants.  The  condition  of  the  quarters  is 
generally  as  good  as  the  Quartermaster's  Department  can  make  them,  but  three  of  them  are  leaky, 
as  well  as  damp,  and  to  correct  this  it  will  probably  be  necessary  to  uncover  some  of  the 
arches.  Two  or  three  years  ago  a  deficiency  in  extent  of  quarters  caused  the  erection  of  three 
temporary  wooden  buildings  as  officers'  quarters — one  as  quarters  for  two  captains,  each  of  the 
others  as  quarters  for  two  lieutenants.  These  quarters,  although  badly  planned,  inconveniently 
arranged,  and  apparently  combining  a  maximum  of  labor  with  a  minimum  of  accommodation,  are 
much  more  suitable  than  the  casemates  as  quarters.  They  are  in  good  condition,  as  from  their 
slight  character  the  storm  of  September  last  injured  them  so  much  as  to  make  repairs  and  altera- 
tions necessary. 

Store-houses. — Casemates  are  also  used  as  store-houses  ;  they  are  unfit  for  the  purpose,  inju- 
rious to  the  articles  stored,  and  like  the  quarters  require  constant  fires  to  make  them  fit  for  any 
use.     Plans  and  estimates  have  been  forwarded  for  a  new  store-house. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — A  new  hospital — frame — has  been  occupied  since  last  autumn. 
It  is  sufficient  for  the  wants  of  the  garrison  and  as  a  relict  to  the  sick,  who  were  formerly  kept  in- 
a  casemate  hospital.  No  guard-house  at  the  post.  A  redoubt  on  the  east  front  of  the  work  fur- 
nishes a  good  room  for  the  guard,  but  the  prison  part  is  altogether  insufficient ;  it  is  damp,  confined, 
and  wholy  inadequate.  The  quarters  for  laundresses,  a  new  building,  erected  two  or  three  years 
since,  is  deficient  iu  extent  ;  it  has  but  fourteen  sets  of  quarters  for  seventeen  laundresses.  The 
rooms  are  small,  ill  ventilated,  and  uncomfortable.  Four  small  buildings  lor  regimental  non-com- 
missioned staff.  There  is  one  stable  for  artillery  horses,  containing  ninety-six  stalls.  The  battery 
at  the  post  (Dupont's)  has  seventy  five  (artillery)  horses.  No  stable  for  the  Quartermaster's  I  )epart- 
ment ;  one  should  be  built.  A  brick  building  for  blacksmith,  saddlers',  &c,  shop,  is  near  the  stable. 
Also  a  gun-shed  for  the  battery.     These  buildings  are  now  undergoing  repairs. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Fuel,  mostly  coal,  furnished  by  contract.  Water  supplied  by 
cisterns  under  the  casemate  quarters  and  by  wells.     Forage  furnished  by  contract. 

Communication. — By  land  and  by  boat  with  Newport. 

Reservation. — The  whole  of  Brenton's  Point  belongs  to  the  Government,  and  nearly  all  of 
it  is  covered  by  the  fort  and  its  outworks. 


ALLEGHENY    ARSENAL,   PITTSBURGH,    PENNSYLVANIA. 

(Established  April,  1814.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN   JUNE  IB,  1870,  BY  BREVET  MAJOR  JOHN  A.  KRESS.  FIRST  LIEUTENANT  OF  ORD- 
NANCE, ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  OF  THE  Post. 

LOCATION. — On  the  left  bank  of  the  Allegheny  River,  about  three  miles  from  its  mouth:  is 
now  in  the  city  limits  of  Pittsburgh.     Post-office,  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania. 

Quarters. — Officers' quarters,  No.  1,  of  stone  and  brick,  two  stories  high,  L15  by  45  feet, 
occupied  by  commanding  officer.  No.  L',  of  stone  and  brick,  two  stories  high,  115  by  15  feet,  occu- 
pied by  two  first  lieutenants.  No.  3,  of  brick,  two  stories  high,  105  by  25  feet,  empty.  No.  4.  of 
stone  and  brick,  two  stories  high,  45  by  45  feet,  occupied  by  ordnance  store  keeper.  Keeper's 
quarters,  No.  1,  of  wood,  two  stories  high. ."..'!  by  33  feet,  occupied  by  keeper  of  grounds.  One  office, 
of  brick,  two  stories  high,  125  by  25  feet,  occupied  as  offices.  Barracks,  No.  1,  of  brick,  two  stories 
high,  125  by  25  feet,  occupied  as  hospital,  mess-hall,  kitchen,  and  quarters  of  enlisted  men.  No.  2, 
el  brick,  two  stories  high,  L25  by  25  \\'<-t,  occupied  as  quarters  tor  enlisted  men. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AIM)  STATIONS.  123 

Store-houses. — Magazine,  No.  1,  of  stone,  one  story  high,  119  l>y -•">',  feet — cannon  cartridges. 
No.  2,  of  brick,  one  story  high,  51  by  38  feet — ammunition.  No.  3,  of  brick,  one  story  high,  86  by 
41  feet— powder,  &c.  Laboratory,  No.  1,  of  wood,  one  story  high,  68  by  -1  feet — laboratory.  No.  2, 
of  wood,  one  story  high,  <>l  by  24  feet — laboratory.  No.  ■">.  of  wood,  one  story  high,  100  by  24feet — 
laboratory.  No.  4,  of  wood,  one  story  high,  40  by  17  feel — greasing  room.  No.  •">.  of  wood,  one  story 
high,  24  by  11  feet — miscellaneous  stores.  Ice-house,  of  wood  and  brick,  one  story  high,  19  l>y  lit 
feet.  Carriage-shed,  Xo.  1,  of  wood,  one  story  high,  200  by  31  feet,  and  No.  2,  of  wood,  one  story 
high,  132  by  30  feet — gun-carriages.  Four  temporary  buildings,  of  wood,  one  story  high,  59  by  29 
feel — ammunition.  Two  temporary  buildings,  of  wood,  one  story  high,  4<>  by  15  feet — miscella- 
neous stores.  One  temporary  building,  of  wood,  one  story  high,  55£  by  181  feet — miscellaneous 
stores.  One  temporary  building,  of  wood,  one  story  high,  1!)  by  19  feet— gasometer.  One 
temporary  building,  of  wood,  one  story  high,  16  by  12  feet — scrap  iron.  One  temporary  building, 
of  wood,  one  story  high.  26  by  14=V  feet — melting  lead.  One  temporary  building,  of  wood,  one  storj 
high,  72j  by  201  feet— sabots,  &c.  Eight  coal-houses,  of  brick.  One  guard-house,  of  brick,  one 
story  high,  53  by  17  feet.  One  stable  of  brick,  three  stories  high,  ir,  by  444  feet.  One  machine 
and  carriage  shop,  of  brick,  two  stories  high,  438  by  4!»  feet.  One  smith-shop  and  engine-room,  of 
brick,  one  story  high,  170  by  L's.J,  feet.  One  brass  foundry,  of  brick,  one  story  high,  7s  by  27A  feet. 
One  paint-shop,  of  brick,  two  stories  high,  65  by  30  feet.  One  store-house,  of  stone,  three  stories 
high,  12<»  by  40  feet — small-arms,  \-c.  One  stole  house,  of  brick,  t  wo  stories  high,  217  by  50  feet— 
accoutrements  and  timber.  One  store-house,  of  stone,  three  stories  high,  60^  by  40^  feet — iron, 
lead.  &c.  One  store-house,  of  brick,  two  stories  high,  217  by  I3J  feet— accoutrements  and  timber. 
One  store-house,  of  stone,  wood  and  brick,  one  story  high,  194  by  27  feet— miscellaneous  stores. 
One  store-house,  of  brick,  two  stories  high,  82  by  25  feet — commissary  and  quartermaster  stores, 
and  bakery.     One  stoic-house,  of  brick,  one  story  high,  124  by  25  feet — gun-carriages. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermaster's  supplies,  clothing,  &c,  are  received  from  Philadelphia 
generally.  Fuel  and  forage  purchased  here.  Commissary  supplies  all  purchased  in  Pittsburgh. 
The  commissary  and  quartermaster's  stores  are  stored  in  one  of  the  ordnance  store  houses. 

Subsistence. — From  one  to  three  months'  supply  kept  on  hand. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Bituminous  coal  is  used  for  fuel.  Forage  in  abundance  is  sup 
plied  by  the  surrounding  country.  A  good  supply  of  water  for  all  the  requirements  of  the  post  is 
obtained  from  a  spring  on  property  owned  by  the  United  States. 

Communication  with  the  principal  part  of  Pittsburgh  is  by  street  cars. 

Reservation. — The  title  is  vested  in  the  United  States ;  contains  36  acres. 

Description  op  country,  &c. — The  climate  is  mild  ;  location,  healthy. 


FORT  ANDREWS,  PLYMOUTH,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

(Established  in  1812.  Reestablished  in  1863.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN   JULY.",,   1870,    BY    MICHAEL   McGARRY,   ORDNANCE    SERGEANT,  UNITED  STATES 

ARMY,  IN  CHARGE. 

Location.— On  the  extreme  point  of  land  at  the  entrance  to  Plymouth  harbor,  nine  miles 
from  the  city  of  Plymouth  by  water,  and  twenty-four  by  land.     The  nearest  post-office  is  Plymouth. 

Quarters.— Officers'  quarters,  none.  Men's  quarters,  a  frame  building;  unserviceable; 
capable  of  containing  one  company  if  in  repair.  One  frame  quarters  for  ordnance  sergeant,  20 
by  14  feet. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  supply-depot  is  Boston,  distant  forty-four  miles. 

Fuel,  FORAGE,  and  water,— Fuel  purchased  in  Plymouth.  Water  obtained  from  well  in 
the  fort. 

Communication  by  means  of  boats. 

Reservation. — Five  and  one-quarter  acres. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Soil,  good;  timber,  scarce;  locality,  healthy. 


124  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

CARLISLE   BARRACKS,  PENNSYLVANIA. 

(Established  as  a  military  post  in  1777.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JUNE  25,  1870,  BY  BREVET  BRIGADIER  GENERAL  GEORGE  A.  H.  BLAKE,  COLONEL 
FIRST  UNITED  STATES  CAVALRY,  COMMANDING  POST,  AND  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  MOUNTED  RE- 
CRUITING SERVICE. 

History. — The  site  of  Carlisle  Barracks  was  selected  in  the  first  years  of  the  Revolutionary 
War  with  Great  Britain  as  a  military  rendezvous  and  encampment.  After  the  taking  of  Trenton 
by  Washington  this  post  was  used  as  a  place  of  confinement  for  the  Hessian  prisoners  captured 
there;  these  were  employed  in  building  and  extending  the  accommodations  of  the  original  sets  of 
quarters  and  defenses.  Subsequently  Major  Andre,  Howe's  spy.  was  brought  here,  awaiting 
sentence  of  death.  These  are  the  historic  traditions  of  the  post.  The  place  is  said  to  have  been 
visited  by  conflagrations  on  numerous  occasions,  and  in  1864  was  entirely  destroyed,  and  the  build- 
ings and  records  burned  by  a  detachment  of  rebel  cavalry,  commanded  byFitzHugh  Lee,  who  left 
the  main  army  in  the  vicinity  of  Gettysburgh  to  make  a  demonstration  in  the  direction  of  Harris- 
burgh. 

Location. — It  is  located  about  half  a  mile  southwest  of  the  town  of  Carlisle,  near  the  center 
of  Cumberland  Valley,  about  midway  between  the  mirth  and  south  mountain  spurs  of  Alleghany 
range,  which  are  separated  here  a  distance  of  ten  miles.  The.  nearest  post-office  is  Carlisle,  Cum- 
berland County,  Pennsylvania. 

Quarters. — Consist  of  the  commanding  officer's  quarters,  a  brick  building,  two  stories  high, 
with  wings  attached;  and  ten  sets  of  officers'  quarters,  each  consisting  of  parlor,  dining-room,  two 
bed-rooms,  kitchen,  servant's  room,  and  bath-room,  in  two  brick  buildings,  30  by  150  feet,  two 
stories  high,  with  wings  attached.  Men's  quarters — capacity,  six  hundred  men — two  brick  build- 
ings, two  stories  high,  25  by  250  feet,  used  as  quarters  for  permanent  and  three  recruit  troops,  and 
one  brick  building,  three  stories  high,  24  by  210  feet,  used  as  quarters  for  married  men  and  families. 
The  only  objection  to  the  quarters  of  this  post  are  the  tin  roofs,  which  require  constant  repairs,  and 
to  such  an  extent  as  to  employ  two  men  almost  constantly  in  patching  them  so  as  to  render  them 
water  tight. 

Offices. — A  set  of  officers'  quarters  is  appropriated  for  this  purpose. 

Store-houses. — 1st.  Frame  building,  25  by  so  feet,  stone  foundations,  used  for  store-room — 
quartermaster's  stores  and  clothing,  six  months'  supply.  2d.  Frame  building,  25  by  50  feet,  stone 
foundations — used  as  store-room  for  subsistence  stores;  six  months"  supply.  To  improve  these 
buildings  and  better  adapt  them  for  the  purposes  required  they  should  be  built  of  stone  or  brick, 
and  each  provided  with  a  cellar.     A  forage-house  and  hay  shed  are  absolutely  necessary. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — The  hospital  consists  of  three  temporary  frame  structures, 
two  of  which  are  used  as  wards,  dispensary,  and  chapel,  and  the  third  as  a  kitchen,  &c.  The  fol- 
lowing is  a  synopsis  of  a  former  report,  a  copy  of  which  is  now  on  file  in  the  Quartermaster's 
Department,  and  opinion  of  the  surgeon  with  regard  to  same:  "The  location  is  the.  most  un- 
healthy one  that  could  have  been  selected  on  the  Government  reservation.  The  buildings  were 
temporarily  constructed,  as  situated,  in  order  that  the  more  healthy  and  eligible  site  for  a  hospital 
could  lie  kept  open  for  the  erection  of  a  permanent  building.  Efforts  have  been  repeatedly  made, 
but  so  far  without  avail,  to  obtain  authority  for  constructing  a  permanent  hospital  building,  on  a 
healthy  site,  large  enough  to  accommodate  forty  patients."  It  is  earnestly  requested  that  a  medical 
inspector  may  be  sent  here  for  the  purpose  of  examining  and  reporting  upon  the  Ideal  ion,  buildings, 
&c,  of  the  hospital,  with  a  view  to  a  speedy  and  final  action  in  this  matter  by  the  proper  authority. 
The  guard  house  is  built  of  brick  and  stone.  30  by  70;  was  originally  intended  as  a  magazine.  It 
is  divided  into  four  compartments,  two  of  which  are  used  as  prison-rooms,  one  as  guaxd-room,  and 
one  as  magazine  for  powder  and  ammunition.  The  ventilation  is  very  good,  but  the  building  is 
entirelj  too  small  for  the  purpose,  and  should  be  reconverted  into  a  magazine,  and  a  new  guard- 
house built.  The  public  stables  are  of  brick,  and  substantially  built,  consisting  of  a  center  build- 
ing 35  by  150  feet,  containing  farrier's  and  saddle  room,  eight  grain  bins,  boilers  for  water,  &C,  and 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  125 

two  wings  joined  at  right  angles,  containing  stable  room  for  one  hundred  horses,  well  ventilated  by 
numerous  windows  and  ventilators,  and  supplied  with  water  by  water-plug  and  hydrants  convenient. 
The  stables,  however,  are  far  from  being  perfect,  in  consequence  of  the  miserable  clay  floor,  which 
should  be  replaced  at  once  by  the  Nicholson  or  some  other  substantial  pavement  of  that  style. 
The  matter  was  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  Department  in  October,  1868,  by  Inspector  General 
Hartsuff,  but  no  action  has  ever  been  taken.  Authority  has  been  requested  to  purchase  materials' 
necessary  and    have  the  Nicholson  pavement  laid  at  once. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermaster's  stores  (except  fuel,  forage,  and  straw)  are  received 
from  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  by  rail,  via  Pennsylvania  Central  and  Cumberland  Valley  Rail- 
ways, and  subsistence  stores  from  Baltimore,  via  Northern  Central  and  Cumberland  Valley  Rail- 
ways. Two  months' supply  of  subsistence  stores  usually  kept  on  hand  in  summer,  and  four  months 
in  winter. 

FUEL,  FORAGE,  and  water. — Fuel  and  forage  are  supplied  to  the  post  by  contracts,  renewed 
yearly,  and  a  plentiful  supply  of  water  for  every  purpose    is  supplied  at  a  very  reasonable  rate,  by 
the  Carlisle  Gas  and  Water  Company.     Since  the  retorts  of  this  company  are  so  near,  it  is  recom- 
mended that  gas-pipes  be  laid,  so  that  gas  may  be  used" at  this  post.     This  could  be  doneat  a  reason 
able  and  small  expense. 

Communication. — Communication  between  Carlisle  and  Carlisle  Barracks,  wagons  and  carts. 

RESERVATION. — The  extent  of  reservation  is  !".»  acres  134  perches  of  land,  declared  by  the 
President. 

Description  of  country,  &C. — The  surface  of  the  country  in  the  Cumberland  Valley  is  un- 
dulating. The  soil  is  uniformly  and  highly  productive,  and  much  improved,  covering  a  stratum  of 
limestone  on  the  east  and  slate-stone  on  wesf  side  of  the  valley.  The  timber,  consisting  chiefly  of 
oak  and  hickory,  is  not  very  plentiful.  The  valley  is  supplied  with  water  from  two  streams  coming 
from  the  mountains,  and  springs  are  very  numerous.  Productions,  com,  oats,  wheat,  and  potatoes. 
The  climate  is  temperate  ;  the  mean  temperature  in  1869  was  51°  09". 


FORT  CASWELL,  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

(Established,  unknown  :  an  old  brick  fort,  much  out  of  repair.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  DECEMBER  4,  1870,  BY  CAPTAIN  JOHN  MENDENHALL,  FOURTH  ARTILLERY,  COM- 
MANDING POST. 

Location. — Right  bank  of  Cape  Fear  River,  at  the  mouth  of  river,  two  miles  south  of  Smith- 
ville.  North  Carolina,  which  is  the  nearest  post-office. 

QUARTERS. —  Inside  the  fort  the  brick  walls  of  barracks  are  standing,  all  the  wood-work 
having  been  burned  out,  it  is  believed,  by  the  rebels  when  they  evacuated  the  place  after  the  fall  of 
Fort  Fisher,  which  is  eight  miles  above,  at  the  mouth  of  New  Inlet.  The  building  is  about  100  by 
40  feet;  two  stories. '  Outside  the  fort  are  two  or  three  small  frame  shanties,  one  of  which  is  used 
as  quarters  by  the  ordnance  sergeant. 

Store-houses. — One  of  the  shanties  referred  to  is  used  as  store-house. 

Hospital,  guakd-house,  &c. — None. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Supplies  tor  one  ordnance  sergeant  are  obtained  from  the  post  of  Fort 
Johnson  monthly. 

.Subsistence. — The  ordnance  sergeant  draws  Ins  rations  monthly. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Water  is  obtained  from  a  well  inside  the  fort.  Fuel  is  supplied 
from  Fort  Johnson. 

Communication. — A  small  boat  is  furnished  the  ordnance  sergeant  by  the  post  quartermaster 
of  Fort  Johnson. 

Pesekvation. — The  reservation  consists  of  a  peninsula,  on  the  eastern  extremity  of  which  the 
fort  stands;  it  extends  down  the  beach  for  some  two  miles  or  more,  and  perhaps  contains  tour  or 
live  hundred  acres. 


126  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Back  of  the  fort,  to  the  northwest,  is  a  salt  marsh  two  or 
three  miles  in  extent;  on  the  other  three  sides  it  is  sandy  for  two  or  three  hundred  yards  to  the. 
water:  perhaps,  at  the  nearest  point,  it  is  not  over  one  hundred  yards  to  the  shore.  Climate,  pro- 
ductions, &c,  same  as  given  for  Fort  Johnson. 


CHAMPLAIN  ARSENAL,  VERGENNES,  VERMONT. 

(Established  1827.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    JUNE   18,  1870,  BY  CAPTAIN   E.  D.   ELLSWORTH,   MILITARY    STORE-KEEPER  OF 

ORDNANCE,  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location. — In  the  city  of  Yergennes,  county  of  Addison,  State  of  Vermont,  one-half  mile 
from  the  post-office  or  center  of  the  city,  in  a  northwesterly  direction  therefrom,  and  on  the  bank 
of  a  river  known  as  Otter  Creek,  eight  miles  from  where  it  empties  into  Lake  Champlain.  The 
river  is  narrow,  but  deep  enough  to  be  navigable  for  canal  and  other  boats  not  drawing  over  ten 
feet  of  water. 

QUARTERS. — Officers'  quarters  are  intended  for  only  one  family,  built  of  blue  limestone  and 
covered  with  slate,  80  by  30  feet;  two  stories  high,  with  an  addition  of  wood  covered  with  slate, 
40  by  30  feet;  two  stories  high,  the  whole  divided  into  twelve  rooms,  one  of  which  is  used  lor  the 
office.  The  buildings  arc  not  very  good,  but  are  in  good  repair ;  valued  at  $4,000.  Men's  quarters — 
one  building  of  wood,  one  and  one-half  stories,  40  by  30  feet,  three  rooms;  will  accommodate  twenty 
men  ;  building  old  and  poor.  Non-commissioned  officers'  quarters — one  wooden  building,  20  by  10 
feet,  one  story  high,  six  rooms,  three  on  ground  floor  and  three  in  attic  ;  old  and  poor.  All  quarters 
supplied  with  wood  shed.  The  two  buildings  for  men's  quarters  are  valued  at  $075,  with  wood- 
sheds. 

Store-houses:. — Three;  one  of  blue  limestone,  covered  with  slate,  80  by  80  feet,  two  stories, 
beside  basement;  valued  at  $8,000,  and  used  for  storing  arms  and  accoutrements;  one  of  blue 
limestone,  covered  with  slate,  one  story,  40  by  10  feet,  used  for  storing  ammunition,  and  valued  at 
$2,000;  one  of  wood,  one  and  one-half  stories,  100  by  20  feet,  in  good  repair;  valued  at  $1,000; 
was  built  for  storing  gun-carriages;  now  not  used. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &C. — One  smith-shop,  wood,  20  by  14  feet,  one  story ;  in  poor  repair ; 
used  for  storing  coal ;  valued  at  $50;  one  ice-house,  of  wood,  15  by  14  feet ;  in  good  repair ;  valued 
at  $50:  one  barn,  of  wood,  38  by  28  feet:  in  good  repair;  used  for  stables  and  storing  forage  and 
straw;  valued  at  $575. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster's  depot  is  at  Boston,  Massachusetts,  distant 
two  hundred  and  twelve  miles;  communication  by  railroad  over  Rutland  and  Burlington,  Chesire 
and  Boston  and  Fitchburgh  lines.  The  nearest  subsistence-depot  is  at  New  York,  two  hundred  and 
eighty-one  miles  distant;  communication  by  railroad  over  Rutland  and  Burlington,  Rutland  and 
Washington,  and  Hudson  River  lines;  in  summer,  by  boat,  through  Otter  Creek,  Lake  Champlain, 
Champlain  Canal,  and  Hudson  River. 

Subsistence. — For  subsistence,  requisition  is  usually  made  once  in  three  months,  and  orders 
are  received  to  purchase  at  or  near  the  post;  about  two  hundred  rations  at  a  time,  and  stored  in 
officers'  quarters. 

FUEL,  FORAGE,  AND  water. — Fuel — coal — is  usually  purchased  near  the  post  in  the  month  of 
September  or  <  >ctober,  sometimes  in  August — according  to  the  state  of  market ;  wood  is  purchased 
at  the  post,  of  the  neighboring  fanners;  the  same  with  forage,  during  the  wilder  months;  water  is 
plenty,  but  hard. 

COMMUNICATION. — Good  wagon  roads  in  every  direction.  Post  is  one  mile  from  Vergennes 
Station,  on  Rutland  and  Burlington  Railroad,  connecting  at  Rutland  with  trains  for  south,  east,  and 
west.      Water  communication  as  above  stated. 

Reservation. — The  land,  28  acres,  was  purchased  of  Enoch  O.  Woodbridge,  at  $100  per  acre. 
The  War  Departmant  is  trying  to  obtain  authority  to  sell  the  post. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  127 

Description  of  country,  &o. — The  country  in  the  immediate  vicinity  is  usually  termed  the 
Champlain  Valley,  lying  between  the  Green  Mountains  <>n  the  east,  and  Lake  Champlain  and  the 
Adirondack  Mountains  on  the  west.  The  surface  of  the  land  is  considerably  broken,  with  frequent 
ledges  of  blue  limestone,  and  occasionally  a  sand-bank:  but  the  soil  is  generallj  clay:  lias  been 

heavily  timbered,  but  is  mostly  cut  off.     There  still  remains  some  g 1  pine,  hemlock,  oak,  walnut, 

and  maple  timber  on  the  Green  Mountains,  twenty  miles  distant.  There  is  plenty  of  spruce  timber. 
Grass  is  as  Rood  as  any  in  the  country.  This  would  be  a  good  place  lbr  a  purchasing  agent  of  the 
Quartermaster's  Department  to  purchase  forage,  especially  hay.  Water  is  generally  plenty.  Loca- 
tion is  very  healthful;  temperature,  severe  in  winter,  ranging  as  low  as  20°  below  zero  :  sometimes 
30°.  In  summer  the  temperature  often  reaches  90°;  today,  June  18,  4  p.  in.,  80  degrees  above, 
in  the  shade. 


FORT   AT   CLARK'S   POINT,   NEW   BEDFORD,    MASSACHUSETTS. 

(Established  in  1859,  and  now  in  course  of  construction.) 

[NFORMATION  GIVEN    JUNE    21,  1870,  BY   WILLIAM    DUFFEY,  ORDNANCE   SERGEANT,  UNITED    STATES 

ARMY,  IX  CHARGE. 

Location. — Situated  on  a  point  of  the  main  land  known  as  ('lark's  Point,  in  latitude  -11°  35' 
32"  north,  longitude  7<C  53'  43"  west,  and  about  three  miles  south  of  the  city  of  New  Bedford, 
Massachusetts.     Distance  to  the  post-office,  four  miles. 

Quarters. — One  officers'  quarters,  one  and  one-half  stories  high,  constructed  of  wood,  50  by  25 
feet,  containing  live  rooms,  with  kitchen  and  dining  room,  lathed  and  plastered,  and  now  occupied  by 
ordnance  sergeant.  Condition,  good.  One  barrack,  with  mess-room  attached,  one  and  one  half 
stories  high,  constructed  of  wood,  100  by  25  feet,  without  lath  or  plaster  ;  unserviceable,  but  repair- 
able; capacity  for  one  company. 

Storehouses. — One  ^quartermaster  and  commissary  store-house,  one  and  one-half  stories 
high,  constructed  of  wood,  30  by  L>()  feet,  containing  two  rooms,  without  lath  or  plaster,  and  now 
occupied  as  an  ordnance  store-room;  in  good  condition. 

Hospital,  guard-hucse,  &C. — One  hospital,  two  stories  high,  constructed  of  wood.  28  by  22 
feet,  containing  one  ward,  dispensary,  kitchen,  and  two  small  rooms  ;  unserviceable  but  repairable. 
One  guardhouse,  one  and  one-half  stories  high,  constructed  of  wood,  30  by  18  feet  unserviceable 
but  repairable.  One  stable,  two  stories  high,  constructed  of  wood,  .'!(>  by  i'l  feet,  capacity  for  six 
horses  ;  in  good  condition.  There  are  also  at  this  post  (in  charge  of  the  Engineer  Department)  the  fol- 
lowing buildings:  One  large  dwelling  house,  one  small  dwelling-house,  one  large  barn  or  stable, 
one  small  barn  or  stable,  one  carpenter-shop  and  one  blacksmith-shop,  all  constructed  of  wood; 
also  one  stone  house  and  one  stone  pier  or  wharf. 

Supply-depots.  &C. — Boston  and  New  York  are  the  usual  ami  nearest  supply-depots.  Sup. 
plies  can  be  obtained  at  any  season  of  the  year  by  the  Boston  and  Providence,  the  Old  Colony  and 
Newport  Railroad,  and  by  water. 

Sltbsistence. — The  post  not  being  garrisoned  there  are  no  subsistence  stores  kept  on  hand. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Fuel  and  forage  can  be  obtained  in  the  city  of  New  Bedford.  A 
bountiful  supply  of  water  is  obtained  from  wells  on  the  premises. 

Communication  between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  land. 

Reservation. — Sixty  acres  of  land,  purchased  by  the  Government. 

Description  op  COUNTRY,  &C. — The  surrounding  country  is  low,  well  covered  with  timber, 
and  well  adapted  to  farming.  Soil,  good  ;  production,  corn,  oats,  hay.  vegetables,  and  fruit.  Climate, 
good;  health  of  locality,  very  good. 


128  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

FORT  COLUMBUS,   NEW   YORK   HARBOR. 
(Established  1809.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JUNE  2G,  1870,  BY  BREVET   BRIGADIER    GENERAL   THOMAS  H.  NEILL,  LIEUTEN- 
ANT COLONEL  UNITED  STATES  ARMY,  COMMANDING  TOST. 

Location. — Situated  in  New  York  Harbor,  at  the  junction  of  North  and  East  Rivers,  in  lati- 
tude 40°  42',  and  longitude  74°  00':  one  thousand  and  sixty-six  southeast  of  New  York  City.  The 
nearest  post-office  is  that  of  New  York  City. 

Quarters. — <  Jommanding  officer's — outside  of  Fort  Columbus  ;  brick  buildings,  44  by  44  feet, 
two  stories  high,  basement  and  attic,  slate  roof,  with  veranda  in  front  and  rear ;  contains  nine 
rooms  and  kitchen  ;  condition,  good,  except  the  roof,  which  is  defective.  Officers' quarters — out- 
side of  Fort  Columbus,  and  near  commanding  officer's  quarters;  two  frame  buildings,  with  shingle 
roofs,  each  building  30  by  44  feet,  two  stories,  basement  and  attic;  divided  into  two  sets  of  quar- 
ters, each  set  containing  five  small  rooms  and  kitchen  ;  condition,  good.  Officers'  quarters — inside 
Fort  Columbus — stone  basement,  brick  walls,  150  by  22  feet,  two  stories,  basement,  and  slate  roof; 
divided  into  apartments  capable  of  accommodating  eight  captains  or  twelve  subalterns,  with  regu- 
lation allowance  ;  condition,  good.  Troops'  quarters — three  ranges  of  buildings  inside  of  Fort  Colum- 
bus— east,  south  and  north  sides — each  range  150  by  22  feet,  two  stories  and  basement,  slate  roof, 
stone  basement  and  brick  walls,  with  verandas  and  iron  railings  in  front;  can  accommodate  from 
three  hundred  to  four  hundred  men  ;  condition  of  these  quarters  is  excellent.  A  building.  144  by 
23  feet,  in  south  battery,  occupied  by  music  boys,  capable  of  accommodating  about  one  hundred, 
stone  basement,  brick  walls,  slate  roof,  two  stories  and  basement,  with  iron  verandas  in  front. 
These  quarters  are  in  good  condition.  In  addition  to  the  quarters  above  enumerated  there  are 
always  quartered  in  Castle  Williams  general  prisoners  and  transient  troops,  (recruits  generally.) 
Can  accommodate  about  four  hundred  men  ;  is  unfit  for  quarters  by  reason  of  dampness,  more 
especially  in  midsummer.  Within  the  circle  of  the  castle  yard  is  a  rough  wooden  building,  00  by 
30  feet,  used  as  a  mess-room  and  kitchen  for  recruits,  &c.  Laundresses'  quarters — east  side  of  the 
island;  one  frame  building,  stone  foundation,  gravel  roof,  one  story  and  basement,  48  by  55  feet; 
divided  into  five  apartments ;  in  fair  condition.  Laundresses'  quarters — -near  south  battery ;  one 
frame  building,  gravel  roof,  one  story,  100  by  20  feet  ;  divided  into  ten  apartments.  This  is  an  old 
structure,  in  bad  condition.  Depot  band  quarters — near  south  battery  :  a  frame  building,  50  by  20 
feet,  one  story  high,  shingle  roof,  and  basement;  verandas  in  rear  facing  the  river ;  can  quarter 
thirty  men,  and  is  in  excellent  condition.  Two  small  frame  building's,  west  side  of  south  battery, 
occupied  by  laundresses,  one  24  by  24  feet,  the  other  28  by  12  feet;  shingle  roof ;  one  set  of  quarters 
in  each;  are  in  a  very  dilapidated   condition. 

Store-houses. — A  brick  building,  stone  foundation,  two  stories  and  cellar,  slate  roof,  35  b\ 
GO  feet ;  occupied  by  commissary  and  quartermaster  stores;  building  in  good  condition.  Frame 
building,  on  wooden  wharf,  one  story,  with  shingle  roof,  70  by  30  feet;  occupied  by  quartermaster 
and  commissary  stores;  condition,  good.  Two  frame  sheds,  on  east  side  of  the  island,  one  42  by 
10  feet,  the  other  40  by  10  feet  ;  shingle  roofs;  used  as  a  store  house  for  camp  ami  garrison  equi- 
page and  quartermaster  stores;  condition,  fair. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Building,  two  stories  and  basement,  brick  walls,  stone  base 
meat,  tin  roof,  50  by  56  feet :  used  as  hospital ;  can  accommodate  between  forty  and  fifty  patients; 
condition,  good.  Frame  building,  one  story  high,  gravel  roof,  built  on  three  sides  of  a  square,  east 
and  west  side  each  L'O  by  Hi:;  feet,  north  side  20  by  130  feet;  with  two  wings  on  south  side,  each 
wing  20  by  23  feet ;  used  as  hospital ;  can  accommodate  aboul  one  hundred  and  twenty  patients, 
and  is  in  fair  condition.  Brick  building,  stone  basement,  one  story  high,  in  rear  of  hospital,  tin 
roof,  100  by  20  leet  ;  used  as  quarters  for  matrons.  Store  houses  and  dead-house  connected  with 
hospital  buildings;  in  a  verj  bad  condition.  Headquarters  used  as  offices  for  commanding  officer, 
adjutant,  and  recruiting  officer ;  stone  basement,  brick  walls,  two  stories  and  attic,  shingle  roof, 
10  by  33  feet,  with  one  wing  each  on  north   and    south  side,  each  wing  11  by  7  feet.     This  building  is 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  J  29 

very  old,  decayed,  and  in  bad  condition.    The  basemeul  building  is  occupied  as  a  guard- 

room. Chapel,  frame  building,  one  story  high,  with  slate  roof,  built  in  Gothic  style,  irregular;  can 
accommodate  from  one  hundred  and  fifty  to  two  hundred  persons,  el  is  in  excellent 

condition.     Iioat-hou.se,  a  frame  building  built  on  piles,  near  wharf,  !l'  by  ■  shingle  roof,  used 

as  a  receptacle  for  barges;  condition,  good.  A  small  frame  shed,  16  by  24  feet,  shingle  roof ;  occupied 
for  receptacle  of  fire-engine;  condition,  fair.  Frame  building,  shingle  roof,  one  story,  23  by  18  feel  ; 
occupied  as  a  printing-office  :  good.  A  brick  building,  one  story  high,  shingle  roof,  23  by  117  feet  : 
used  as  library,  billiard,  and  court-martial  rooms:  condition,  I  ilerable.  Carpenter-shop,  frame  shedi 
12  by  55  feet,  shingle  roof;  old,  rotten  and  decayed.  Paint-shop,  frame  shed,  27  by  1l'  feet,  shingle 
roof ;  tolerable  condition.  Blacksmith-shop,  frame  shed,  12  by  18  feet,  shingle  roof ;  decayed  and 
rotten.  A  frame  building,  one  and  one-half  stories  high,  40  l>y  26  feet,  with  shed  on  each  side.  22 
by  18  feet,  shingle  roofs ;  used  as  stables.     This  building  is  in  very  good  condition. 

Supply-depots!,  &C. — The  quartermaster  and  subsistence  supply-depots  are  in  .New  York  Citj  , 
about  ten  miles  from  this  station.  The  route  is  up  the  North  Niver  to  Pier  43,  where  all  stores  are 
received  and  delivered  at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  by  a  steamer  in  the  of  the  Quartermaster's 

Department  at  New  York  City. 

Subsistence. — Subsistence  is  received  on  requisition  from  nmissary  at  New  York 

City,and  can  he  procured  at  almost  any  time  and  in  all  seasons.  There  is  generally  kept  on  hand 
from  ten  to  forty  thousand  rations. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Fuel  is  received,  en  yearly  estimates,  from  tin-  chief  quarter 
master  of  the  department  at  New  York  City,  and  the  yearly  consumption  is  generally  delivered  on 
or  before  the  1st  of  November  in  each  year.  Forage  is  obtained  on  a  similar  estimate  and  through 
the  same  channel,  but  is  only  delivered  in  such  quantities  as  may  1  to  time  required, 

there  being  not  sufficient  storage  for  the  yearly  supply  al  Die-  time.  Water  is  obtained  at  the  post 
from  springs  and  cisterns,  and  is  sufficient  to  suppl y  the  wants  of  tin  *p1    in  warm  and 

dry  weather,  when  Croton  water  is  supplied  from  the  city  of  New  York,  on  requisition  on  the  chief 
quartermaster.  The  Croton  water  is  pumped  into  the  cisterns  at  the  depot  from  the  water-tanks 
of  the  steamer  in  the  service  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department. 

Communication. — A  steamboat,  employed  by  the  Quartermaster's  Depa  at  New  York 

City,  makes  two  or  three  tfips  daily  between  this  depot  and  New  York,  for  I  i  portation  of 

passengers  and  freight,  and,  in  addition  to  this,  a  barge,  capable  of  taking  tweuty-five  persons,  runs 
four  times  dailv  to  the  city. 


FORT  CONSTITUTION,  NEW  CASTLE,  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

(Established  180 

INFORMATION  GIVEN    JUNE   •.'.',  1870,  BY    JAMES    DAVIDSON,  ORDNANCE   si..  UNITED    STATES 

ARMY,  IN  CHARGE. 

Established  in  the  year  1808,  and  garrisoned  by  United  Stales  troops;  but  as  earlj  as  the 
year  1800  the  post  was  occupied  by  troops.  The  post  then  consisted  of  an  earthwork,  built  by  the 
English  government,  and  named  William  and  Alary.  A  new  work  was  commenced  in  1863,  having 
its  foundation  outside,  the  old  one.  After  progressing  a  little  the  work  was  stopped,  and  has  not 
been  renewed.    The  old  work  has  been  partly  pulled  down  by  the  United  Stales  engineers. 

Location. — At  the  mouth  of  the  Piscataqua  River,  1  mi  It  upon  a  rocky  ledge,  about  three  hundred 
yards  from  the  center  of  the  main  channel  of  the  river,  on  a  narrow  strip  of  land  of  oblong  form, 
being  the  eastern  point  of  Great  Island.  The  village  t>t'  Newcastle  lies  in  a  westerly  direction  from 
the  post.    The  post-office  is  at  present  located  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  pi 

QUARTERS. — Officers',  No.  1,  is  a  one  and  one-half  story  house,  containing  one  kitchen  and  three 
rooms  on  the  first  floor,  and  three  rooms  on  the  second,  :!7  by  24  feet,  built  of  wood:  very  old,  but 
in  fair  condition.     Officers',  No.  2,  is  a  one  and  one-half  story  L  two  kitchens  and 

17 


130  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

two  rooms  on  the  first  floor,  and  three  on  the  second,  built  of  wood;  very  old,  requiring  repairs. 

Men's  quarters,  Xo.  1,  built  of  wood  of  poor  material,  is 3-story  high,  sit  by  HO  feet;  has  kitchen 

attached;  wants  repairs;  it  will  room  about  eighty  men.  lien's  quarters.  No.  2,  built  of  wood, 
very  old,  is  one  story,  40  by  20  feet,  contains  two  rooms  and  kitchen  ;  formerly  occupied  as  hospital ; 
requires  repairs.  Men's  quarters,  No.  •'!,  built  of  wood,  very  old,  is  70  by  20  feet:  not  worthy  of 
repairs.  Men's  quarters,  No.  4,  built  of  wood,  very  old,  is  :;:!  by  20  feet:  requiring  repairs.  Men's 
quarters,  Xo.  5,  built  of  wood,  one  story,  is  35  by  15  feet,  containing-  three  rooms;  in  fail'  order. 

STORE-HorsKS. — Xo.  1,  a  strong  wooden  building,  two  stories  high,  is  1!  by  25  i'eet.  With  ex- 
ception of  the  cellar  this  building  is  in  good  condition,  and  has  always  been  used  as  quartermaster's 
and  commissary  store  when  the  posl  was  garrisoned  with  troops.  Xo.  2  is  a  strong,  wooden  build- 
ing, one  story  high,  is  56  by  25  feet,  and  was  built  for  a  guard-house,  and  now  occupied  as  ordnance 
store  and  gun-house.     This  building  is  in  poor  repair. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital — a  woodeu  building  of  poor  material,  and  slimly  put 
together;  is  one  story  high,  89  by  24  feet;  has  a  kitchen  attached,  .">.j  by  17  feet.  This  building 
requires  repairs,  plastering  having  fallen.  Guard  house — a  wooden  building,  one  story  high,  .'18  by 
IS  feet ;  contains  two  rooms,  and  is  very  much  out  of  repair.  Bake-house — a  wooden  building,  one- 
story  high,  contains  one  room,  IS  by  IS  i'eet;  has  a  good  oven,  and  is  in  fair  repair.  Stable — a 
wooden  building,  with  stalls  for  four  horses,  and  loft  will  contain  about  three  tons  of  hay.  This 
building  requires  shingling.  Blacksmith's  shop — wooden  building,  one  story  high,  49  by  20  feet. 
This  building  is  very  old,  but  repairable.  Magazine  Xo.  1 — small  building,  built  of  brick;  when 
closely  packed  contains  one  hundred  barrels  of  powder.  Magazine  Xo.  2 — small,  built  of  brick; 
will  contain  fifty  barrels  of  powder.     The  buildings  above  described  are  ail  located  outside  the  fort. 

Supply-depots,  &C.— The  nearest  quartermaster's  depot  is  Boston,  Massachusetts;  the  dis- 
tance is  sixty  miles.  Supplies  are  forwarded  by  rail  to  Portsmouth  City,  and  from  there  carted  to 
the  post,  a  distance  of  four  miles. 

Subsistence. — Commutation  of  rations  from  Fort  Preble,  Maine. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water  can  be  obtained  in  abundance  from  the  surrounding  country. 

Communication. — Newcastle  is  the  nearest  town.     Communication,  by  land  or  water. 

Reservation. — About  six  acres. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  soil  is  very  productive;  the  post  and  island  are  ex- 
tremely healthy,  both  in  summer  and  winter.  Good  water  is  obtained  from  wells  dug  to  the  depth 
of  12  to  20  feet  ;  the  post  has  two  such  wells. 


DAVID'S  ISLAND,  NEW  YORK  HARBOR. 

(Established  1861.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  FEBRUARY  11.  1-71,  BY  COLONEL  J.  V.  BOMFORD,  EIGHTH  INFANTRY,  COMMAND- 
ING POST. 

Established. —  Post  was  established  (as  far  as  can  be  learned)  in  1861.  In  1864  the  island 
was  purchased  by  the  Government.     In  1869  it  was  made  a  sub-depot  for  reception  of  recruits. 

Location. — David's  Island  is  located  in  New  York  Harbor,  twenty-seven  miles  distant  from 
the  battery,  and  about  one  and  one-hall'  miles  southwest  from  Xew  Rochelle,  New  York.  Nearest 
post-office,  Pelham,  New  York,  one  and  one-half  miles  distant. 

Quarters. — The  officers'  quarters  consist  of  one  two-story  frame  building,  46  by  26  feet, 
known  as  the  hotel  building,  containing  eight  rooms,  with  addition  for  kitchen,  servants'  quarters, 
&c;  leaky,  and  in  bad  repair.  Four  one-Story  frame  cottages,  11  '  by  21.]  feel,  containing  each  four 
or  five  rooms ;  in  tolerablj  good  condition.  <  >ne  long,  one  storj  frame  barrack  building,  250  by  2-1 A 
feel  :  recently  lilted  up.  and  divided  into  apartments  for  three  captains  and  nine  lieutenants,  with 
small  additions  in  the  rear  of  each  suite  for  kitchens;  roof  covered  with  felt,  cement,  and  gravel- 
roofing,  (as  also  are  the  roofs  of  all  the  buildings  on  the  island:)  building  in  tolerably  good  order. 
One  similar  building,  divided  in  like  in; r  into  twelve  sets  of  quarters,  for  three  captains  and 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS   AND  STATIONS.  131 

nine  subalterns,  but  without  the  kitchens;  recently  fitted  up  aud  in  tolerably  good  repair.  Two 
similar  buildings,  not  occupied.  Officers'  mess  building,  17(!A  by  I'l.l  feet;  formerly  kitchens  for  the 
vacant  barracks.  The  men's  quarters  consist  of  eight  one-story  frame  buildings,  200  l>y  24.1  feet, 
and  four  mess-rooms,  127  by  24J  feet;  felt  and  -ravel  roofing,  with  ventilators;  leaky,  and  in  bad 
repair.  Four  buildings,  140  by  32|  feet,  52  by  20  feet,  81  by  22^  feet,  30J  by  1SJ  feet ;  occupied  by 
laundresses;  temporarily  divided  up,  aud  in  poor  condition.  Hand's  quarters  in  barracks,  91  by 
33  feet,  formerly  hospital  store-house;  in  bad  repair.  All  the  buildings  on  the  island  are  of  a  tem- 
porary character,  having  been  erected  for  hospital  purposes  during  the  war.  They  are  much  de- 
cayed, and  all  the  men's  and  laundresses'  quarters  leak  during  heavy  storms. 

Store-houses. — One  commissary  store-house,  one-story  frame,  81  by  35  feet,  covered  with  felt 
and  gravel  roofing.  One  quartermaster  store-house,  one-story  frame,  lit  by  2D,  feet,  with  like 
roofing.     Both  these  buildings  are  in  fair  condition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Post  hospital  consists  of  two  connected  one-story  pavilions, 
100  by  .".  1  feel  each;  in  good  order.  One  guard-house,  61  by  24£  feet,  frame;  in  poor  condition.  One 
two-story  frame  building,  86  by  13  feet,  on  ground  floor,  occupied  as  post  headquarters;  in  poor 
condition.  One  small  frame  building,  used  as  carpenter's  shop;  old,  and  in  poor  condition.  Bakery — 
one  frame  building,  55  by  50  feet  :  old  and  decayed.  <  >ne  frame  church  building,  at  present  occupied 
as  school-house.  Co!  l>\  28J ;  in  fair  condition.  One  frame  stable,  72  by  38  feet,  with  stalls  for  twelve 
animals,  and  storage  for  hay  and  straw;  old,  aud  in  poor  condition.  Steamboat  wharf,  with  boat- 
house,  in  very  poor  condition  ;  timbers  decaying  and  settling  down. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermaster  and  commissary  stores  are  received  by  the  Government 
steamer  from  New  York,  which  makes  semi-weekly  trips  to  the  island. 

Subsistence. — Thirty  days'  supply  of  subsistence  stores  is  kept  on  hand.' 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Fuel  and  forage  are  obtained  from  the  quartermaster's  depot  at 
New  York  City.  Good  water  is  obtained  on  the  island  by  means  of  wells  for  drinking  water,  and 
cisterns  for  rain  water,  all  of  which  are  more  or  less  out  of  repair. 

Communication. — Communication  between  the  island  and  the  main  land  is  kept  up  by  means 
of  barges,  with  detailed  crews,  running  several  times  daily  to  the  wharf,  near  the  villages  of  New 
Rochelle  and  Pelham,  about  one  and  one-half  miles  distant ;  also  by  public  steamer  with  New  York 
t'itv,  -which  visits  the  island  twice  a  week. 

Pesekvation. — The  island  is  owned  by  the  United  States. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  island  has  an  area  of  s  i  acres;  is  said  to  be  twenty-three 
miles  from  the  city  of  New  York;  somewhat  rocky,  and  supplied  with  cistern  and  well  water;  also 
from  a  pond  of  spring-water. 


FORT  DELAWARE,  DELAWARE. 

(Established  1814.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    JUNE  22,  1870,  BY   BREVET    COLONEL  A.  M.  RANDOL,  CAPTAIN   FIRST    UNITED 

STATES  ARTILLERY,  COMMANDING    POST. 

Established.— Ceded,  in  1813,  by  State  of  Delaware  to  the  United  States.  First  work  com- 
menced in  1814,  and  burned  down  in  1831.  In  December.  1838,  the  island  was  claimed  by  a  citizen 
of  New  Jersey,  and  the  work  on  new  fort  suspended.  In  1848  the  United  States  title  was  confirmed, 
aud  in  May,  1849,  the  foundations  of  the  present  work  were  commenced. 

Location. — On  Pea  Patch  Island,  in  the  Delaware  River.  The  island  is  one  aud  one-eighth 
miles  distant  from  the  Delaware  shore,  one  mile  from  the  New  Jersey  shore,  aud  forty-two  miles 
below  the  city  of  Philadelphia.  Its  latitude  and  longitude,  tit  the  triangulation  point  of  tin'  Coast 
Survey,  are  respectively  .'!!)-  35'  IS"  north,  and  75°  24'  34"  west  from  Greenwich.  Delaware  City 
is  the  nearest  post-office  station,  and  is  about  west  southwest  from  the  post. 

QUARTERS.— Two  officers'  quarters,  of  brick,  each  95  by  7<i  by  53.J  feet,  three  stories  high. 
The  ground  floor  of  each  building  is  divided  into  eight  rooms,  used  as  offices  and  kitchens.  The 
second  tloor  has  nine  rooms,  ami  the  third  floor  eight  rooms,  used  as  officers'  quarters,  except  one 


132  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

room  on  .second  door,  which  is  used  as  post  library;  the  rooms  arc  about  17  by  14  by  13  feet.  The 
barracks  proper  is  297  feet  long,  66£  feet  wide,  and  r,\\  feet  high;  the  sally-port  is  in  the  center  of 
this  building.  The  ground-floor  has  fifteen  moms,  occupied  as  subsistence,  mess,  and  prison-rooms, 
kitchens,  and  laundresses*  quarters.  Second  Hour  contains  twenty  rooms,  used  as  dormitories,  quar- 
termaster's, ordnance,  guard,  and  prison  rooms,  and  laundresses'  quarters.  Third  floor  has  sixteen 
rooms,  occupied  as  quartermaster's  store  rooms,  company  offices,  and  laundresses'  quarters.  Height 
of  first  floor,  in  the  clear,  12  feet  C  inches;  second  Hour,  12  feet  9  inches:'  third  floor,  13  feet  9  inches- 
The  kitchens  measure  20  f  feel  6  inches;  mess-rooms  are  39  feet  long  by  30  feet 

broad.  The  floors  of  all  the  rooms  on  the  first  story  are  flagged.  The  dormitories  are  about  57 
feet  6  inches  by  30  feet  by  12  feel  9  inches.  There  are  four  neat,  frame  cottages,  (engineers',)  with 
gardens,  outside  the  fort,  occupied  by  officers,  and  one  frame  cottage  (Quartermaster's  Department) 
unoccupied.  There  are  also  two  wooden  houses,  not  in  good  repair,  in  which  enlisted  men  and  their 
families  reside.  These  buildings  are  all  provided  with  covered  cisterns  above  ground;  also  privies 
erected  upon  '  adjacen  ankmeut.    Besides  the  above  there  are  ten  cottages  and 

shanties  occupied  by  ex-laborers  of  Engineer  Department. 

STORE-HOUSES.— Situated  at  the  north  end  of  barracks.  On  the  first  floor,  salt-meat  room, 
(subsistence,)  54  feet  (i  inches  long,  11  feet  !)  inches  wide,  and  12  feet  6  inches  high;  sales-room, 
(subsistence,)  20  feet  (i  indies  ion--,  11  feet  <>  inches  wide,  and  12  feet  li  inches  high;  flour-room, 
(subsistence,)  20  teet  ii  inches  long,  12  feet  six  inches  wide,  and  12  feet  6  inches  high.  Second  floor, 
coffee,  &c,  room— dry— (subsistence,)  30  feet  G  inches  long.  14  feet  wide,  and  12  feet  9  inches  high; 
clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage  room.  27  feet  <>  inches  long.  13  feet  8  inches  wide,  and  12  feet 
!)  inches  high;  quartermaster's  store  room,  21  feet  long,  Hi  feet  wide,  and  12  feet  9  inches  high  ; 
spare  quartermaster's  store-roi  i  demned  stores,)  24  feet  6  inches  long.  16  feet  wide,  ami  12  feet 

!>  inches  high.  <  me  carpenters'  -hop,,  (engineer's  building.)  built  of  wood,  and  two  stories  iu  height, 
tin'  second  story  used  by  Quartermaster's  Department.  Blacksmith's  shop,  (engineers',)  one  story 
high,  and  built  of  brick;  used  by  Quartermaster's  Department. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &0. — The  hospital  consists  of  a  central  building,  having  a  front  of 
:i:;  feet,  and  two  wings,  each  73  feci  long.  The  first  floor  consists  of  two  wards,  one  in  each  wing, 
about  25  by  <i<i,  and  18  feet  high,  with  room  at  each  end  of  ward,  used  as  wash  and  clothing  rooms, 
about  13  by  15  feet.  Dispensary,  13  by  15  feet;  office,  13  by  15  feet;  dining-room,  15  by  IS  feet  ; 
kitchen,  13  by  15  leer:  and  store  loom,  13  by  15  feet.  The  second  floor,  main  building,  has  six 
rooms,  used  as  sleeping  apartments  by  hospital  steward  and  hospital  attendants,  and  as  store- 
rooms. Their  dimensions  are  four  rooms,  13  by  15  feet :  two  rooms,  10  by  15  feet.  The  hospital  was 
built  in  accordance  with  Circular  No.  1.  Surgeon  General's  Office,  1867,  except  that  the  central 
building  hasahip-roo  I    1   in  hard  finish  and  door  inserted  bet  ween  each  ward,  and 

passage  leading  to  bath-room  and  water  closets.  Guard-house.  26  by  5S  by  12  feet  9  inches;  guard- 
room, Hi  feet  !>  inches  by  !•!  ir-A  by  12  feet  '.»  inches;  four  prison  rooms,  as  follows:  13  by  S  feet  6 
inches  by  12  fee-  9  inches;  19  feet  9  inches  by  10 feet  by  12  feet  9  inches ;  29  by  17  feet  9  inches  by 
12  feet  !i  inches;  24  feet  (',  inches  by  1  1  fee!  '.!  inches  by  12  feet  6  inches.  Two  cells,  each  6  feet  t' 
inches  by  5  feel  11  inches  by  10  feet— situated  al  sally-port,  and  built  of  stone  and  brick.  Stables— 
oue  stable,  built  of  wood,  IS  by  1  I  by  28  feet,  eight  stalls,  each  9A  by.",  feet.  Dimensions  of  granary, 
harness,  and  saddle  rooms,  12  by  8  by  10  feet  :  amount  of  room  for  hay,  straw,  &c.,  9,000  cubic  feet. 
Chapel,  built  of  wood,  stands  near  the  fort;  dimensions,  56  by  26  feet  (1  inches  by  35  feet.  A  school- 
house,  post  trader's  Store,  and  two  ice  houses,  built  in  the  ground.  There  is  also  a  dock  and  three 
wharves,  two  of  stone  and  oue  wood. 

Supply  depots,  &c— Quartermaster's  stores,  on  quarterly  requisitions,  supplied  by  chief 
quartermaster  of  third  quartermaster's  districl  a!  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.  Clothing,  camp 
and  garrison  equipage  from  Schuylkill  arsenal.  Philadelphia.  Subsistence  stores,  on  quarterly  and 
special  requisitions,  by  chi  uissary  of  subsistence,  Department  of  the  Bast,  New  York  City 

via  Philadelphia. 

SUBSISTENCE.— Usually  a  supply  of  three  months  on  hand,  and  in  the  winter  season  of  six 
months,  of  all  articles  of  the  established  ration,  and  such  stores  as  may  be  specially  required  for 
sales  to  officers. 

FUEL,  FORAGE,  AND  WATER. — Aboul  a  year's  supply  of  wood  and  coal  on  hand.    Coal  delivered 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  13o 

under  contracts  made  by  the  chief  quartermaster,  third  quartermaster's  district.  Wood  purchased 
by  post  quartermaster,  under  authority  received  through  the  same  officer.  Forage  and  straw  de- 
livered under  contracts  made  by  chief  quartermaster,  third  quartermaster's  district.  Water,  twenty- 
two  cisterns,  supplied  from  terre-plairj  of  fort;  aggregate  capacity,  543,710{j  gallons.  Twelve  iron 
tanks,  each  12  1>.\  8  by  4,  supplied  from  roof  of  officers'  quarters  and  barracks.  This  water  is  used 
in  privies  and  wash  sinks. 

Communication  by  barge  to  Delaware  City;  thence  by  steamboal  to  Philadelphia,  or  by 
stage  to  Saint  George's  station  on  Delaware  Railroad;  thence  by  rail  to  Wilmington,  Delaware. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  lias  so  acres:  its  average  level,  •">  feet  i  inches,  and  highesl 
point,  9  feet  8  inches  above  mean  low  water.  Average  range  of  tide,  <>  feet  G  inches.  The  island 
is  surrounded  by  a  levee,  protected  from  the  river,  and  is  drained  by  net-work  ditches.  There  is 
also  a  farm  of  about  80  acres  on  tin-  New  Jersey  shore,  opposite  the  post,  and  owned  by  the  I  "nit  ed 
States. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  surrounding  country  is  mainly  meadow  land.  The  soil, 
a  rich  loam  mixed  with  sand,  very  fertile,  producing  an  abundance  of  corn,  wheat,  rye.  oats,  vege- 
tables, and  fruits  of  every  variety.  Timber  scarce  and  of  a  poor  quality.  Crass  and  water  in 
abundance.  Climate  salubrious  and  healthy — rather  moist  at  times;  cold  in  winter  and  hot  in 
summer. 


FORT  ON  DUTCH  ISLAND,  NARRAGANSETT  BAY,  RHODE  ISLAND. 

(Established  1863.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN    JULY  14,  1870,  BY  BREVET   MAJOK  GENERAL  HENRY    .1.  HUNT,  COLONEL  FIFTH 

UNITED  STATICS  ARTILLERY,  COMMANDING  POST. 

ESTABLISHED. — The  island  was  purchased  lor  defensive  purposes  in  July,  1SG3,  and  was  garri- 
soned iu  18G3  and  1SG4,  by  Rhode  Island  volunteer  troops. 

LOCATION. — Western  entrance,  between  Canonicut  Island  and  main  western  shore  of  the  bay. 
It  is  distant  four  and  one  half  miles  west  from  Newport,  and  twenty  six  miles  south  from  Providence. 
Nearest  post-office,  Jamestown,  Rhode  Island. 

QUARTERS. — There  are  no  officers'  quarters,  'fen  temporary  cantonment  buildings,  built  for 
the  volunteers,  were  turned  over  to  the  engineers  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department  in  18G7 ;  now- 
occupied  by  the  engineers  as  stables  and  store-houses.  There  are  four  other  buildings,  wooden. 
built  by  the  engineers  for  quarters  ami  me<s  bouse  for  their  employes. 

Store-houses. — None. 

HOSPTTAL,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C. — None. 

SUPPLY-DEPOTS,  &C. — The  ordnance  sergeant  at  the  post  is  supplied  with  fuel,  &c,  from  Port 
Adams,  Rhode  Island. 

Px-el,  FORAGE,  and  WATER. — Water  is  supplied  by  cisterns  and  wells:  two  wells  supply  the 
present  wants. 

Communication. — Prom  Newport  or  Fort  Adams  by  water  around  Canonicut  Island,  or  by 
sail-ferry  from  Newport  to  Canonicut;  thence  by  wagon-road  across  that  island,  about  a  mile:  thence 
by  water  to  Dutch  Island. 

RESERVATION. — The  island,  containing'  about  seventy  live  acres,  belongs  to  the  Government. 

DESCRIPTION  op  COUNTRY,  &C— Soil,  a  sandy  loam  of  the  average  character  of  the  land  on 
the  Rhode  Island  coast.     Grass  crop  of  the  island  is  from  fifty  to  seventy-live  tons.     No  timber. 


134  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

FORT  FOOTE,  MARYLAND. 

(Established  1802.) 
INFORMATION  GIVEN  AUGUST  22,  1870,  BY  CAPTAIN   R.  LODOR,  FOURTH  ARTILLERY,  COMMANDING  POST. 

LOCATION. — On  east  bank  of  the  Potomac,  on  bluff  about  73  feet  above  level  of  the  river; 
latitude,  38°  50'  north;  longitude,  77:>  west  of  Greenwich;  south  of  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia,  ten  miles,  cast  about  15°;  south  of  Alexandria,  Virginia,  two  miles,  east  about  30°. 
Alexandria,  Virginia,  is  the  nearest  post-office;  obtain  mail  from  Fort  Washington,  Maryland, 
south  four  miles. 

Quarters. — Condition  of  officers'  quarters,  very  good  ;  capacity,  lour  sets  ;  material  built  of, 
wood,  placed  partially  on  brick  walls,  partially  on  brick  piers,  plastered  throughout,  but  not  suf- 
ficiently heavy.  Condition  of  men's  quarters,  very  good;  capacity,  one  company;  material  built 
of,  wood,  placed  on  brick  piers,  plastered  throughout  except  ceiling  of  dormitories. 

Store-houses. — One  storehouse  ;  dimensions,  110  by  24  by  10  feet;  condition,  very  good  ; 
capacity  for  one  company  post ;  material  built  of,  wood,  placed  on  brick  walls,  used  as  follows: 
one  room  for  quartermaster's  property,  24  by  23  by  10  feet;  one  room  for  clothing,  camp  and  gar- 
rison equipage,  23  by  15  by  0  by  10  feet ;  one  room  for  subsistence  stores,  10  by  23 by  10  feet ;  one 
room  for  sales  to  officers,  14 by  11  by  Id  feet  ;  one  room  for  office,  23  by  1 1  by  10 feet;  one  room  for 
sergeant  in  charge,  11  by  11  by  10  feet. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital — condition,  very  g I  ;  capacity  to  care  for  sick  of 

one  company ;  material  built  of,  wood,  placed  on  brick  piers,  plastered  throughout  except  ceiling  of 
ward.  Guard-house — none  on  post  ;  use  a  bomb-proof  as  such.  Stables — condition,  good  ;  capacity, 
eight  stalls  and  storage-room  for  hay  and  oats  for  one  year,  straw  being  stored  in  counterscarp 
gallery  of  the  fort;  material  built  of,  wood.  Ordnance  sergeant's  quarters — condition,  very  good  : 
capacity,  two  rooms,  15  by  15  by  8.10  feet ;  material  built  of,  wood,  placed  on  brick  piers.  Com- 
manding officer's  and  adjutant's  offices — condition,  very  good  ;  capacity,  two  rooms,  15  by  15  by  8 
by  10  feet ;  material  built  of,  wood,  placed  on  brick  piers.  Carpenter  and  blacksmith  shops — con- 
dition, fair;  material  built  of,  wood.  Laundresses'  quarters — condition,  very  good ;  capacity,  five 
sets;  material  built  of,  wood,  placed  on  brick  piers.  Bake-house — condition,  very  good;  material 
built  of,  wood  ;  capacity  of  oven,  about  four  hundred  rations.  Boat-house — condition,  good;  capa- 
city, two  boats;  material  built  of,  wood. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots,  Washington,  District 
of  Columbia;  route  of  supply,  by  Potomac  River.     Season  of  supply,  at  all  times. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Amount  of  subsistence  usually  kept  on  hand:  during  the  summer,  three 
months  ;  winter,  six  months'  supply. 

Fuel,  forage,  AND  AVATER. — Fuel  and  forage  are  supplied  for  one  year  at  a  time.  Water — 
one  cistern  at  officers'  quarters,  one  at  men's  quarters,  one  at  hospital,  and  a  good  spring  near  sta- 
ble, bat  easily  exhausted  ;  excellent  well  water  ;  only  method  of  raising  it,  rope,  pulley,  and  buckets; 
spring  near  river  bank  excellent,  but  impossible  to  get  at  it. 

COMMUNICATION. — One  small  steamboat  at  !>  a.  in.  daily,  during  the  summer  season,  to  Alex 
andria,  Virginia,  returning  about  4  p.  m.  One  steamboat  from  Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
to  Mount  Vernon  and  return,  daily,  arriving  11  a.  in.,  and  return 3.30  p.  in. 

Reservation. — About  55  acres,  owned  by  private  individuals;  Government  authorities 
making  efforts  at  present  to  purchase. 

Description  of  country,  &C— Land,  fine  and  rolling,  divided  into  a  number  of  valleys,  where 
water,  grass,  &c.,  can  be  found.  Small  quantities  of  hay  made.  Wood,  sand,  gravel,  clay,  and 
stone  found  in  abundance.  Generally  healthy.  Road,  only  medium.  Country  building  up  rapidly. 
Fuel  and  forage  obtained  by  contract  from  the  surrounding  count  ry.  Water  obtained  at  the  post 
from  cisterns,  well,  spring  and  river — sufficient  in  quantity  for  general  use,  but  not  in  case  of  tires. 
delivered  by  a  cart.     Average  temperature,  55    56'. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  135 


FRANKFORD  A.RSENAL,  PHILADELPHIA,  PENNSYLVANIA. 

(Established  by  purchase  of  site  in  1816.    Enlarged  by  purchase  of  adjacent  grourd  and  buildings 

in  1837  and  1850.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JULY  6,  1870,  BY  BREVET    LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  T.  J.  TREADWELL,  MAJOR  OF 

ORDNANCE,  COMMANDING    ARSENAL. 

Location.— The  arsenal  is  located  in  the  Twenty-third  ward  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  at  the 

(■(influence  of  the  Frankford  Creek  and  Delaware  River,  having  a  front  on  each. 

Quarters. — Consist  of  three  two-story  brick  houses,  withcapacity  for  four  officers  in  all.  The 
barracks  are  a  two-story  brick  building',  capable  of  accommodating  one  hundred  single  men,  ami 
two  buildings  occupied  by  twelve  enlisted  men  with  families, 

Store-houses. — There  are  eight  principal  store-houses,  of  stone  and  brick,  and  twelve 
frame  laboratories  used  as  storehouses — all  in  good  condition,  and  containing  small-arms,  ammu- 
nition, ordnance,  &c. ;  also  a  magazine  with  capacity  for  1,000  barrels  of  powder. 

Hospital,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C. — The  building  used  as  a  hospital  has  four  beds,  a  dispensary, 
and  quarters  for  matron.  There  are  two  stables,  one  brick,  the  other  frame,  having  a  joint  capa- 
city for  ten  horses,  with  hay-loft,  cart-shed,  &c.  There  is  one  guard-house,  of  brick,  at  the  main 
gate,  containing,  in  addition  to  a  guard-room,  four  cells  for  prisoners,  all  well  lighted  and  aired. 

SUPPLY-DEPOTS,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster's  depot  is  the  Schuylkill  arsenal,  in  the 
southwestern  part  of  Philadelphia,  The  nearest  commissary  depot  is  at  Headquarters  Department 
of  the  East,  in  New  York  City. 

Subsistence. — Requisitions  are  made  quarterly  on  the  Commissary  General  by  the  assistant 
commissary  of  subsistence  of  the  post. 

Fuel,  FORAGE,  AND  water. — Forage,  in  abundance,  can  be  procured  from  neighboring  farms: 
mil  the  proximity  of  the  largest  coal-shipping  depot  in  Pennsylvania  renders  (lie  supply  of  fuel  easy 
in  either  large  or  small  quantities. 

Communication.— With  the  city  is  effected  by  trains  on  the  Philadelphia,  and  Trenton  Rail- 
road, and  the  city  passenger  railways  via  Richmond  and  Frankford. 

ReservatkiX. — Jurisdiction  over  the  site  of  the  arsenal  has  been  ceded  to  the  United  States 
by  the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  COUNTRY,  &C. — The  country  is  of  primitive  formation,  consisting  of  diluvial 
soil  in  the  higher  parts,  and  alluvial  soil  on  the  borders  of  the  water-courses.  It  is  level,  and  highly- 
productive  in  all  varieties  of  indigenous  vegetation  ;  it  is  well  wooded  in  parts,  and  yields  water  of 
good  quality  12  or  15  feet  below  the  surface. 


NOTE. 

The  post  next  in  order  in  the  Department  of  the  East  is  Fort  Gorges,  Portland,  Maine.  As 
extensive  modifications  are  about  to  be  commenced  in  these  works,  a  description  of  their  present 
condition  is  deemed  unnecessary. 


FORT  GRISWOLD,  NEW  LONDON  HARBOR,  CONNECTICUT. 

(Established   originally    in    1777.     Subsequently  to  the  war  of  ISlL'    the  original  work   was 
abandoned,  and  in  1S42  the  new  fort,  or  rather  battery,  was  established  below  the  old  work.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JUNK,  29,  1870,  BY  BREVET  COLONEL  F.  L.  GUENTHER,  CAPTAIN,  FIFTH  UNITED 

STATES  ARTILLERY,  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location.— The  fort  is  situated  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Thames  River,  on  the  heights  over- 
looking the  harbor  of  New  London,  three-fourths  of  a  mile  directly  east  of  the  city  of  New  London, 


136  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  .MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

and  one-eighth  of  a  mile  south  of  the  town  of  Groton,  Connecticut.  Nearest  post-office,  Groton. 
Connecticut. 

Quarters. — There  are  no  quarters  for  officers  or  enlisted  men,  other  than  the  house  provided 
for  tin.'  ordnance  sergeant,  which  is  of  wood,  12  by  24,  and  contains  but  two  rooms.  It  is  in  good 
condition. 

Store-houses. — There  is  but  one  store-house,  32.6  by  73,  containing  but  one  room  ;  is  built  of 
wood — in  good  condition,  and  used  solely  for  storing  ordnance  stores.  This,  and  the  ordnance  ser- 
geant's house,  comprise  all  the  public  buildings  at  the  post. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — New  York  City.  Route  of  supply.  New  York  and  New  London  steamers, 
through  Long  Island  Sound,  during  entire  year. 

Subsistence. — The  post  not  being  garrisoned,  none  is  kept  on  hand. 

I'Vel,  FORAGE,  and  "water. — Fuel  is  furnished  the  ordnance  sergeant  from  Fort  Trumbull  ; 
no  forage  is  needed.     Water  obtained  from  pump. 

Communication. — Means  of  conrmunication  between  fort  and  the  town  of  Groton  is  by  wagon- 
road. 

Reservation. — Fourteen  acres. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Same  as  given  fur  Fort  Trumbull. 


FORT  HALE,  NEW  HAVEN  HARBOR,  CONNECTICUT. 

(Established,  it  is  understood,  during  the  war  of  the  Revolution — a  small  round  tower  being 
the  only  defense.     The  present  fort,  an  earthwork,  was  begun  in  1863  and  finished  in  1866.) 

INFORMATION  GrVEN  JUNE  29,  1870,  BY  BREVET  COLONEL  F.  L.  GUENTHER,  (  A.PTAIN,  FIFTH  UNITED 

STATES  ARTILLERY,  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location. — The  fort  is  located  on  the  east  side  of  the  harbor  of  New  Haven,  and  about  two 
and  three-quarter  miles  south  by  east  of  the  city.  The  nearest  post-office  is  New  Haven,  Connec- 
ticut. 

QUARTERS. — One  brick  building  intended  for  officers'  quarters,  50  by  18,  two  stories,  and  con- 
taining five  rooms,  in  good  order.  One  wooden  building,  barracks  for  enlisted  men,  24  by  240,  in 
good  order. 

Hospital,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C— There  is  neither  hospital  nor  guard-house.  The  other  build- 
ings at  the  post  consist  of  one  wash-house  to  barracks,  wood,  14  by  26,  in  good  condition ;  one 
kitchen  for  barracks,  wood,  18  by  22,  in  good  order;  one  barn,  of  wood,  28  by  50,  in  goodcoudition; 
one  carpenter-shop,  of  wood,  20  by  24,  in  good  condition;  one  blacksmith-shop,  20  by  20,  also  of 
wood,  and  in  good  order. 

Sipply-depots,  &C. — New  York  City.  Route  of  supply,  New  York  and  New  Haven  steamers 
and  Shore  Line  Railroad. 

Subsistence. — None  on  hand,  the  post  not  being  garrisoned. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  WATER. — Fuel  and  forage  not  needed.     Water  obtained  from  well. 

COMMUNICATION. — Means  of  communication  between  fort  and  city  of  New  Haven,  is  by  wagon 
road. 

RESERVATION. — The  land  originally  belonging  to  the  United  States  at  this  post  was  one  half 
of  an  acre.  The  Government,  through  the  Engineer  Department,  is  about  effecting  the  purchase 
of  the  land  now  occupied  by  the  United  States,  amounting  to  twenty  two  and  one-thirtieth  acres. 
The  total  will  then  be  twenty-two  and  sixteen-thirtieth  acres. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Fort  Hale  commands  the  water  approach  to  the  city  of  New 
Haven,  a  thriving  and  wealthy  place.  The  country  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  is  hilly,  the 
soil  fertile  and  well  timbered  and  watered.  The  farming  lands  yield  abundant  harvests  that  find 
ready  markets.  Manufacturing  establishments  abound  throughout  the  surrounding  country.  The 
forests  furnish  large  quantities  of  oak  and  chestnut  timber.  The  climate  is  salubrious ;  the  locality 
healthy;  the  average  temperature  unknown,  as  no  record  is  kepi  nt  the  post,  but  probably  does 
not  vary  much  from  45°  for  the  entire  year. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  137 


FORT  HAMILTON,  NEW  YORK  HARBOR. 

(Established. — There  is  no  record  as  to  when  this  post  was  established — it  was  turned  over 
for  occupation  by  troops  in  1831.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  BRIGADIER  GENERAL  I.  VOGDES,  COLONEL  FIRST  UNITED  STATES 
ARTILLERY,  JULY,  1870,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — On  the  west  side  of  Long  Island,  two  and  a  half  miles  from  the  county  town  of 
New  Utrecht,  and  adjoining  the  village  of  Hamilton.  There  is  a  post-office  in  this  village,  about 
one-quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  post. 

Quarters. — These  consist  of  two  buildings  for  held  officers,  containing  four  rooms,  20  by  18, 
and  one  building  containing  two  sets  of  quarters  for  captains,  consisting  of  two  rooms,  20  by  18, 
and  two  small  kitchens  each.  These  buildings  are  of  wood,  and  in  good  condition.  Eleven  case- 
mates in  the  fort,  44  by  1  f  each,  are  also  used  as  officers'  quarters.  Condition  good.  Fifteen  ease 
mates  are  used  as  men's  quarters,  and  one  as  an  office  for  the  post  commander — all  in  good  con- 
dition. There  is  a  building  beside  for  the  non-commissioned  staff  of  a  regiment  and  post,  con- 
taining eight  rooms,  IS  by  12,  and  one  for  laundresses,  of  fourteen  rooms,  10  by  12;  both  built  of 
wood,  and  in  good  condition. 

Stoee-housks. — Thcve  are  two  stoic  houses  at  the  post,  both  built  of  wood.  One,  00  by  25,  is 
used  for  quartermaster  stores,  and  the  other.  30  by  2.""..  for  subsistence  stores.  Both  buildings  are 
old  and  weak,  and  need  repairs.  Thirteen  casemates  are  also  used  as  store  rooms,  ten  (not  floored) 
for  ordnance,  and  three  for  the  batteries. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — The  hospital  is  built  of  wood,  and  accommodates  fifty 
patients.  The  plan  of  it  is  excellent,  but  the  material  of  which  it  is  built  is  of  the  poorest  kind. 
The  flank  casemates  are  used  for  guard  and  prison  houses.  Prison  room  is  strong  and  secure,  but 
damp  and  uncomfortable  at  a  certain  season  of  the  year.  Stable  is  of  wood;  contains  fourteen 
stalls,  and  has  loft  with  capacity  for  a  three  months'  supply  of  forage.'  Condition  fair.  There  is 
also  a  blacksmith's  shop,  30  by  14J,  and  a  carpenter-shop,  32  by  25,  both  built  of  wood,  and  in  fair 
condition. 

Supply-depo is,  &C. — New  York  and  Philadelphia  are  the  nearest  supply-depots.  The  route 
is  by  water  from  New  York  City.  Autumn  is  the  principal  season  of  supply,  before  the  close  of 
navigation,  articles  being  procured  as  needed  during  spring  and  summer. 

Subsistence. — The  nearest  subsistence  depot  is  at  New  York  City;  but  small  quantities  of 
subsistence  stores  are  kept  on  hand — only  enough  to  supply  the  wants  of  the  troops. 

Fuel,  FORAGE,  and  water. — Fuel  and  forage  are  procured  from  contractors.  Water  is 
obtained  from  cisterns  and  wells  belonging  to  the  post. 

Communication. — With  Brooklyn  by  horse-cars. 

Reservation. — The  Government  reservation  is  tt'.i  acres  in  extent. 

Description  of  country,  &c — The  surrounding  country  is  thickly  settled;  land  undulat- 
ing; thickly  wooded  ;  plenty  of  grass  and  water.  Soil  is  very  productive;  all  the  cereals  and 
vegetables  raised  in  abundance. 


FORT  INDEPENDENCE,  BOSTON  HARBOR,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

(Established. — AYas  first  made  a  military  post  in  colonial  times,  in  1631,  and  called  "the  Castle." 
The  island  on  which  it  is  situated  was  called  Castle  Island.  In  1798  the  island  was  ceded  by 
Massachusetts  to  the  United  States.  In  1799  it  was  established  as  a  post.  In  1801  a  fort  was 
commenced,  and  completed  in  1805.  In  1833  the  present  fort  was  commenced,  and  completed  in 
1851.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JUNE  28,  1870,   BY  BREVET  BRIGADIER  GENERAL  WILLIAM  HAYS,  MAJOR  FIFTH 

UNITED  STATES  ARTILLERY.  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location. — The  fort  is  on  Castle  Island  in  Boston  Harbor,  and  in  a  southeast  direction  is 
two  miles  and  three  furlongs  from  India  wharf,  Boston  ;  from  City  Point.  South  Boston,  it  is  distant 
18 


138  DESCEIPTIONS  OF  MILITAKT  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

900  yards,  and  from  Fort  Winthrop,-  Governor's  Island — from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  main 
channel — 7<>0  yards.  The  surface  will  measure  perhaps  twelve  acres  at  high  water.  The  dimen- 
sions of  the  island  on  north,  east,  and  west  sides  are  known  to  have  decreased  prior  to  the  election 
of  the  sea-walls.  The  southern  extremity  of  the  island,  a  level  plain,  but  a  tew  feet  above  high- 
water  mark,  is  doubtless  a  gift  from  the  sea.     Nearest  post-office  is  Boston,  Massachusetts. 

Quarters. — The  officers'  quarters  consist  of  three  almost  similar  double  houses,  and  one  iso- 
lated set  of  quarters  west  of  the  southwest  bastion  of  the  fort.  The  isolated  quarters  are  but  one 
story  high  ;  they  have  seven  rooms  on  the  low  er  floor  and  a  basement ;  they  are  occupied  by  the  com- 
manding officer.  The  other  quarters  are  each  one  story  and  a  half  high — three  rooms  on  the  lower 
floor  and  two  low  attic  rooms  on  the  upper.  These  quarters  each  have  a  range  in  the  kitchen  and 
grates  for  coal  iu  the  other  lower  rooms.  They  are  all  supplied  from  a  tank  filled  by  a  forcing- 
pump  from  a  general  well.  The  rooms  in  the  set  of  quarters  are  but  15  feet  square.  The  material 
used  in  the  above  quarters  is  wood,  except  that  in  the  commanding  officer's  quarters,  which  is  brick. 

The  men's  quarters  are  in  the  casemates  on  the  channel  side  of  the  fort.  These  are  about  the 
same  size,  averaging  21  feet  long,  17  broad,  and  11  feet  high.  Six  casemates  are  thus  occupied. 
The  laundresses'  quarters,  officers',  ordnance,  quartermaster,  and  commissary  store-rooms  are  in  the 
other  casemates  of  the  fort.  The  casemates  are  extremely  damp  as  compared  with  those  of  other 
forts,  and  are  productive,  in  the  opinion  of  the  post  surgeon,  of  pulmonary  complaints. 

Store-houses. — The  store-houses  are,  as  before  remarked,  in  the  casemates  of  the  fort. 
Exclusive  of  magazines  three  casemates  are  used  for  ordnance,  tour  for  quartermaster  and  three  for 
commissary  purposes.  They  are  of  the  same  general  size  as  those  occupied  by  the  men.  Outside 
of  the  fort  near  the  eastern  sea-wall  stands  a  long  one-story  building,  originally  erected  as  a  quar- 
termaster's store-house,  but  until  recently  occupied  by  troops.  It  is  now  in  a  state  of  dilapidation. 
Close  by,  and  at  right  angles  to  the  last  building,  stands  another  of  equal  size  in  an  equal  state  of 
dilapidation.  Until  the  last  September  sale  this  was  used  for  troops  as  quarters,  but  is  now  falling 
to  pieces.  There  are  likewise,  and  adjacent  to  the  last  named,  two  small  wooden  buildings,  one  40 
by  23  feet,  the  other  25  by  2.'!  feet,  both  of  one  story,  used  for  the  storage  of  fuel  and  forage  by  the 
quartermaster;  they  are  out  of  repair.     All  of  the  above  buildings  are  of  wood. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — On  the  extreme  southern  point  of  the  island  is  the  hospital, 
of  brick,  fronting  north.  It  consists  of  two  wings  or  wards,  each  45  feet  long,  25J  feet  broad,  and 
one  story  high,  connected  by  a  central  or  main  building  two  stories  high  and  36  feet  square.  Hack 
of  the  main  building  is  a  kitchen  21  feet  long,  12  feet  broad,  and  one  story  high.  The  roof  is  of 
slate.  Owing  to  some  misconstruction  the  inner  walls  are  continually  wet  and  the  whitewash  dis- 
colored. The  ridge  plan  of  ventilation  is  adopted.  Each  ward  proper,  exclusive  of  the  rooms  at 
the  end  partitioned  off  for  nurses  and  bath-rooms,  is  .">:!  feet  long,  21  feet  broad,  and  14  feet  high. 
They  are  each  calculated  for  twelve  patients,  which  if  full  would  allow  66  superficial  feet  of  space 
and  924  cubic  feet  of  air  per  man.  The  wards  and  dining  room  are  heated  by  coal  stoves.  The 
water  is  supplied  from  a  tank  which  collects  rain-wafer. 

The  guard-house  is  in  the  northwest  bastion  of  the  fort.  A  small  wooden  building  near  the 
north  wharf,  about  20  feet  long  by  20  feet  broad,  was  formerly  used  as  a  guard  house :  at  present 
it  is  not  used  for  any  purpose.  Beside  the  above  buildings  a  small  wooden  building,  one  storj 
high,  32  feet  long  by  26  broad,  is  used  as  a  sutlers  store ;  it  is  near  the  eastern  sea-wall,  and  to  the 
nortbeast  of  the  hospital  some  80  yards.  The  stable  is  a  wooden  building  one  story  and  a  half 
high,  north  of  and  adjacent  to  the  sutler's  store.  21  feet  long  by  20  feet  broad.  Beside  these  are 
two  small  buildings,  one  story  high,  IS  feet  long,  and  about  12  feet  broad,  used  respectively  as  a 
carpenter- shop  and  blacksmith-shop. 

SUPPLY  DEPOTS,  &C. — All  articles  of  supply  are  obtained  from  the  depots  at  New  York  City, 
except  sometimes  articles  of  subsistence  which  are  purchased  in  Boston. 

SUBSISTENCE. — The  supply  from  depot  is  quarterly,  and  received  by  water  and  rail  from  New 
York  City.  The  amount  usually  kept  on  hand  is  the  amount  required  lor  issue  during  the  quarter. 
A  six  months'  supply  of  such  articles  as  salt  beef  and  hard  bread  is  always  kept  on  band. 

FUEL,  FORAGE,  AND  WATER. — The  fuel  consists  of  wooil  and  coal.  The  coal  on  hand  was  last 
year  transferred  from  Fort  Warren,  Boston  Harbor,  from  that  in  store  there.  It  is  of  inferior 
quality.     The  forage  is  furnished  quarterly.     The  water  for  the  garrison  is  furnished  by  six  wells 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  \?>{) 

and  lour  cisterns.  In  some  of  the  wells  the  water  is  impregnated  with  chloride  of  sodium  and  the 
alkaline  carbonates.  In  two  of  the  wells  the  wafer  is  very  good  and  not  unpalatable.  The  above 
impurities  are  considered  as  having  a  beneficial  influence  on  health.  The  wells  become  nearly  dry 
in  summer,  and  it  would  be  well  if  cisterns  were  constructed  at  the  officers'  quarters. 

Communication. — The  communication  is  with  Boston,  nine  hundred  yards  to  City  Point,  a 
suburb  of  Boston,  ami  two  miles  three  furlongs  to  the  city  proper;  in  both  eases  by  row-boats; 
though  in  the  winter  months  the  engineer's  steam-tug  stopped  here  en  route  to  Fort  Warren,  and 
again  to  Boston,  thrice  weekly.  There  is  a  sail-boat,  (unseaworthy  and  not  used,)  about  four  tons, 
a  barge,  a  yawl,  and  a  flat-bottomed  boat  al  the  post. 

RESERVATION. — In  1798  an  act  passed  the  senate  and  assembly  of  .Massachusetts,  ceding  the 
post  and  island  to  the  United  States.  This  was  accepted  in  the  same  year  by  the  General  Govern- 
ment.    It  is  not  known  if  any  reservation  has  been  declared  by  the  President. 

DESCRIPTION  OP  COUNTRY,  &C. — The  soil  on  the  island  is  poor,  yet  affords  fair  crops  of  pota- 
toes, cabbages,  and  hardy  vegetables.  There  are  but  lew  trees,  and  these  generally  elms  and  horse- 
chestnuts.  The  severe  Minds,  owing  to  the  exposed  condition  of  the  island,  are  prejudicial  to  all 
growths.  Crass  grows  well,  and  gives  support  to  several  cows.  The  climate  is  cool,  moist,  and 
variable.  Easterly  winds  prevail  during  spring  months,  and  southwest  winds  in  the  summer  and 
autumn.  The  mean  annual  temperature  is  IS-  Fahrenheit  ;  mean  summer,  llii  ;  mean  winter,  27°; 
average  rain-fall  annually,  41  inches.     The  prevailing  diseases  are  pulmonary  in  character. 


FORT  JOHNSON,  NORTH  CAROLINA. 


(Established. — Reservation  ceded  to  the  United  States  January  1,  L800.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN   JULY   26,  1870,  BY   BREVET   COLONEL   JOHN   MENDENHALL,  CAPTAIN    FOURTH 

ARTILLERY,  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location. — Located  in  the  town  of  Smithville,  near  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  River,  about 
thirty  miles  south  of  Wilmington,  North  Carolina.  Post-office  near  the  reservation,  in  the  town  of 
Smithville. 

QUARTERS. — Officers'  quarters  in  fair  condition  ;  quarters  for  three  officers,  (rather  limited.) 
built  of  brick  ;  two  up-stairs  rooms.  Men's  quarters  in  bad  condition,  100  by  1>(U,  feet  ;  11'  feet  ceil- 
ing, (a  single  room;)  piazza  10  feet  wide  on  south  front;  one-story  mess  room  and  kitchen 
detached;  building  .">(>  by  l'OJ,  feet — about  one-fourth  cut  off  for  kitchen. 

Store-houses. — One  old  concrete  block-house,  near  center  of  the  garrison,  24  feet  square, 
used  for  quartermaster  and  commissary  stores  :  one  store-house  (frame)  on  wharf;  two  rooms  used 
as  quartermaster  and  commissary  offices,  each  10  by  14;  one  room  used  as  company  store-room, 
15  by  28;  one  room  for  clothing',  camp  and  garrison  equipage,  19  by  28;  one  commissary  store- 
room, 19  by  28,  and  one  quartermaster  store-room,  25  by  28  feet. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital  (frame)  unfinished;  two  rooms,  10  by  13;  one  room, 
26  by  10,  11  feel  ceiling;  two  rooms,  kitchen  and  dining-room,  12  by  12  and  12  by  14;  hall  and 
stairway.  Guard-house,  old  log  building,  15  by  •'!(>.  with  shed  room  attached  for  prison-room; 
insecure.     Stable,  frame  building,  25  by  36  :  four  stalls. 

SuppLY-pEroxs,  &c. — Quartermaster's  stores  supplied  from  Philadelphia  and  New  York,  per 
steamer  to  Wilmington,  except  lumber  and  the  like,  which  is  obtained  from  Wilmington,  North 
Carolina.     Subsistence  stores  supplied  from  New  York,  per  steamer  to  Wilmington. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Supplies  from  Wilmington  are  brought  on  a  sailing-vessel,  which  makes  two 
or  three  trips  a  week. 

l'l  EL,  FORAGE,  AND  WATER. — Water  is  supplied  principally  from  wells.  Fuel  and  forage  are 
supplied  by  contract.     Fair  oak  wood  is  supplied  from  the  country:  forage  from  New  York. 


140  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  is  in  about  the  center  of  the  town  of  Smithville,  has  a  front- 
age on  the  Cape  Fear  River  of  about  500  feet,  and  contains  five  or  six  acres  to  low-water  mark. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  surrounding  country  is  very  flat  and  sandy.  Soil  gen- 
erally thin;  some  fertile  spots  on  the  low  grounds.  Productions  principally  sweet  potatoes,  corn, 
ground-peas,  &c.  Melons  abound.  Rice  plantations  in  the  vicinity  are  not  much  cultivated,  for 
the  want  of  capital  and  labor.  Timber,  principally  pine — yellow  and  pitch  :  oak  is  scarce,  except 
small  scrubby  trees,  which  abound;  there  are  some  fine  live  oaks  in  the  town.  Crass,  little  or 
none,  except  marsh-grass.  Climate  salubrious  ;  said  to  be  some  ten  degrees  cooler,  as  a  rule,  than 
Wilmington,  thirty  miles  above.  No  record  has  been  kept  of  the  temperature  till  very  recently. 
The  locality  is  considered  remarkably  healthy.  Before  the  war  Smithville  was  a  favorite  summer 
resort  for  the  planters  in  the  country  back  from  the  coast  and  the  Wilmington  people. 


KENNEBEC  ARSENAL,  AUGUSTA,  MAINE. 

(Established   in  1828,  by  act  of  Congress  approved  March  ■'!,  1827.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN   JULY  :..  1870,  1SY  BREVET   MAJOR  JAMES    M.  WHITTEMORE,  CAPTAIN    OF  iird- 

NANCE,  COMMANDING  ARSENAL. 

LOCATION. — East  side  of  Kennebec  River,  in  the  city  of  Augusta,  directly  opposite  the  State 
eapitol,  communicating  with  the  business  part  of  the  city  by  a  covered  bridge  about  half  a  mile 
distant  from  the  main  entrance  to  the  arsenal  grounds.  Portland  and  Kennebec  Railroad  depot 
about  three  fourths  of  a  mile  distant. 

Quarters. — Officers'  quarters,  Nos.  I  and  2,  two  stories  high,  built  of  granite,  with  slate 
roofs.  Men's  quarters,  Nos.  1  and  '2,  two  stories  high,  built  of  granite,  with  slate  roofs.  These 
buildings  were  constructed  and  are  kept  in  repair  by  the  Ordnance  Department. 

Store-houses. — Arsenal  building,  three  stories  high,  li'.")  by  37  feet,  built  of  granite,  with 
slate  roof.  Two  buildings,  two  stories,  each  50  by  .30  feet,  built  of  granite,  with  slate  roofs.  One 
large  and  one  small  powder-magazine;  shed  for  storage  of  fuel  (wood)  and  cellar  for  coal,  and  one 
room  and  one  cellar  for  subsistence  stores. 

Hospital,  guard  house,  &c — Hospital— a  wooden  building  of  one  story,  with  ward-room  of 
ten  beds,  dispensary,  &c,  attached.  Guard  room — part  of  office  building  at  main  entrance  to 
public  grounds. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — None. 

Subsistence. — Purchased  quarterly  in  open  market,  when  approved  by  Subsistence  Depart 
ment ;  otherwise  supplied  by  the  commissary  of  subsistence.  New  York  City.     Fresh  beef  supplied 
from  Augusta  by  semi  annual  contracts. 

FUEL,  FORAGE,  and  water. — Fuel  purchased  in  open  market  during  the  fall  ami  winter. 
when  it  is  cheaper  and  more  easily  obtained.  Forage  for  two  private  horses  purchased  monthly. 
All  accounts  of  purchases  are  forwarded  monthly  to  the  district  quartermaster  at  Boston,  Massa- 
chusetts, for  payment.  Public  horses  at  this  post  are  accounted  for  and  foraged  by  the  Ordnance 
Department.     Water  abundant. 

<  loMjyruNiCATioN. — By  mail,  telegraph,  railroads,  and  steam-boats  to  all  parts  of  the  country. 
Post-office  three-quarters  of  a  mile  distant. 

Reservation. — Thirty-nine  and  seven-eighth  acres  of  land,  bordering  west  on  the  Kennebec 
River,  (near  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation,)  and  inclosed  on  three  sides  by  a  picketed  iron 
fence.     Purchased  by  the  United  States  at  different  times  from  private  individuals. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  COUNTRY,  &C. —  Hilly  and  well  watered,  abounding  in  farms  and  manufac- 
tories of  various  kinds;  fruitful  and  thoroughly  supplied  with  the  necessaries  of  life.  Staple 
products — lumber,  hay,  potatoes,  &C      Locality  healthy. 


DESCBIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  141 

F()RT  KNOX,  BUCKSPORT,  MAINE. 
(Established  isn. 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  Jl  M  BV   LUKE  WALKER,  OEDNANCE  SERGEANT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY 

IN  CHARGE. 

Location.— On  the  western  bauk  of  the  L'enobscot  River,  aboul  50  miles  from  its  mouth,  and 
distant  t'ldin  the  nearest  town  three-fourths  of  a  mile.  Bncksport,  Kings  County,  is  the  iiearesl 
post-office. 

Quarters. — The  officers'  quarters  in  main  works  are  unfinished,  and  built  of  brick  and  gran- 
ite— bomb  proof.  They  are  divided  into  two  separate  buildings, two  rooms  in  each  building;  each 
room  me  isures  50  by  20  feet.  In  addition  to  the  above  there  is  a  frame  building  outside  oi'  main 
works,  built  tor  officers'  quarters,  measuring  40  by  20  feet,  containing  live  small  rooms — temporary. 

The  men's  quarters  in  main  works  are  bomb  proof,  built  of  brick  and  granite,  and  are  divided 
into  eight  compartments,  each  one  measuring  about  -'10  by  15,  and  now  used  as  magazines.  There 
is  also  one  building  for  men's  quarters  outside  of  main  works,  frame,  measuring  LOO  by  20  feet; 
temporary. 

Store-houses. — Thei  el  store-houses  inside  of  main  works,  one  of  which  is  used  lor  the 
implements  appertaining  to  the  ordnance  al  the  post:  measure,-  ."ill  by  15  feel  :  capacity  6,750  cubic 
feet;  condition  leaky.  The  other  store-house,  intended  for  commissary  stores,  is  unfinished;  it 
measures  50  by  20  feet.     The  above  store-houses  are  bomb-proof,  and  built  of  brick  and  granite. 

Hospital,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &c. — There  are  nine  old  frame  buildings  occupied  at  present  by  the 
Engineer  Department  as  blacksmith-shop,  carpenter-shop,  implement  houses,  office,  &c;  also  one 
large  barn,  measuring  about  75  by  25  feet ;  frame  building,  in  good  condition.  There  is  also  one 
unfinished  frame  building,  intended  for  a  kitchen,  but  now  stored  with  wood  belonging  to  the 
Quartermaster's  Department. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depot  is  Boston,  Massachu- 
setts.    The  route  is  by  steamboat.     Seasons  of  supply,  spring,  summer,  and  autumn. 

Subsistence. — No  subsistence  on  hand  at  present;  rations  commuted. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Fuel  is  obtained  by  purchase;  delivered  at  the  post.  Forage 
can  be  obtained  by  purchase  at  the  post.  There  are  two  springs  of  water  in  main  works,  beside 
several  cisterns. 

Communication. — Between  the  post  and  nearest  town  is  bj  steam  ferry-boat. 

T'eservation. — One  hundred  and  fifty  act 

Description  of  COUNTRY,  &C — The  country  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  fort  is  mount- 
ainous. The  soil  is  generallj  of  a  brownish  "lay,  and  produces  grass,  oats,  barley,  and  potal 
The  quantity  of  timber  is  light,  being  of  second  growth,  consisting  principally  of  pine,  beech,  birch, 
and  hemlock.  About  thirty  acres  of  the  reservation  are  under  wood,  and  would  yield,  if  cut,  about 
three  hundred  cords.  Orass  and  water  good.  Climate  is  cold,  subject  to  fogs  so  prevalent  on  the 
Atlantic  coast.     Average  temperature  about  50°.     Health  of  locality  good. 


FORT  LAFAYETTE,  NEW  YORK  HARBOR. 

This  post  was  recently  wholly  destroyed  by  lire,  and  no  description  can  therefore  be  given  of 
it.     The  post  is  still  borne  on  the  division  roster:  Ordnance  Sergeant  John  Graves  in  charge. 


142  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

FORT  LEE,  SALEM,  MASSACHUSETTS. 
(Established  in  the  revolutionary  war.    Rebuilt  in  1862.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JULY  2,  1870,  BY  GEORGE  S.  P.  BRADFORD,  ORDNANCE  SERGEANT,  UNITED  STATES 

ARMY,  IN  CHARGE. 

Location. — The  fort  is  built  on  the  highest  part  of  Salem  Neck,  and  commands  the  entrance 
to  Salem  and  Beverly  Harbors.  It  overlooks  and  commands  Fort  Pickering,  half  a  mile  distant. 
It  is  half  a  mile  northeast  from  Phillips's  wharf,  Salem,  and  one  and  a  half  from  the  post-office. 

QUARTERS. — There  is  but  one  building  at  the  post  used  as  quarters.  It  contains  690  square 
feet  of  room,  and  has  an  attic  chamber  of  the  same  dimensions.  It  was  occupied  during  the  late 
"war  as  quarters  both-by-effi«e«3  and  men — the  men  occupying  the  upper  part.  It  is  built  entirely 
of  wood,  and  has  no  chimney.  It  was  originally  put  up  at  Readville,  Massachusetts,  from  whence 
it  was  brought  in  sections.  It  was  very  much  shaken  in  the  gale  of  September  8,  1869.  It  requires 
new  shingling,  new  doors  and  windows,  a  chimney,  and  other  repairs  to  make  it  sale  and  comfort- 
able.   . 

Store-houses. — None. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — IS  one. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Boston  is  the  nearest  supply  depot.  Stores  may  be  taken  to  the  post 
at  any  time  overland,  but  on  account  of  the  heavy  drifts  of  snow  in  winter  heavy  stores  should  be 
supplied  during  the  summer  months. 

Subsistence. — None  at  the  post.  Ordnance  sergeant's  rations  commuted  at  Fort  Independence. 

Fuel,  FORAGE,  and  WATER. — Wood  in  small  quantities  is  purchased  in  Salem  on  order  from 
the  assistant  quartermaster  at  Boston.  There  is  a  very  small  supply  of  coal  at  the  fort.  There  is 
no  well  at  the  post,  and  drinking-water  has  to  be  carried  from  Mr.  Welsh's  farm,  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
distant. 

Communication. — Over  Salem  Neck.  Vessels  could  land  cargoes  at  the  almshouse  wharf, 
less  than  a  quarter  of  a  mile  distant,  or  at  the  powder-house  wharf  on  Winter  Island,  directly  west 
of  Fort  Pickering. 

Reservation.— About  120,000  square  feet. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — There  is  no  garden  at  this  post,  and  but  a  very  small  amount 
of  hay  can  be  cut.  The  soil  is  of  a  light  sandy  nature.  Rock-sand  is  plentiful,  and  bowlder-stones 
abound. 


LONG  POINT  BATTERIES,  PROVINCETOWN,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

(Established  in  1863.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JULY  1,  1870,  BY  .1.  ROSENTHAL,  ORDNANCE    SERGEANT,  UNITED  STATES  ARMY, 

IN  CHARGE. 

Location. — Located  on  a  narrow  strip  of  land  about  two  miles  south  of  Provincetown,  which 
is  also  the  nearest  post-office. 

QUARTERS.— Officers'  quarters  are  a  frame  building.  41'  by  21  feet,  containing  tour  rooms  and 
a  kitchen.  Men's  quarters,  a  frame  building,  82  feet  long  by  21—  capacity  for  one  hundred  men. 
<  'ondiliou  good. 

STORE-nousES. — One  store-house,  frame  building,  30  by  20,  used  for  magazine— contains  all 
the  ordnance  stores  a!  the  post.    Condition  good. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c— No  hospital.    Guard-house,  frame  building,  L8  by  1 1.    Stable, 

frame  building,  L8  by   1  !.     Condition  good. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  near.es!  supply  depot  is  Boston. 


DESCBIPTIONS  Or  MILITAEY  POSTS  AND  .STATIONS.  143 

Fuel,  forage,  and  wateb. — Fuel  is  bought  in  Provincetown.     Water  obtained  in  cisterns. 
Communication. — Communication  with  Provincetown  by  water,  except  at  low  tide,  when  one 
can  go  there  by  land. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  COUNTRY,  &C. — The  country  is  barren  and  sandy:   no  timber  or  grass  ;   no 

water,  except  rain  water ;  locality  healthy,  but  very  cold  in  winter. 


FORT  MACON,  NORTH  CAROLINA. 
(Established,  date  not  known.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN    JUNE  27,    1870,    BY  MAJOR   JOSEPH   STEWART,    FOURTEENTH-  ARTILLERY,  COM- 

MANDING  POST. 

LOCATION. — On  the  eastern  extremity  of  Bogue  Banks,  northwest  of  < 'ape  Lookout,  ten  miles 
distant.  Beaufort  about  north,  30°east,one  mile  ami  five-eighths  distant.  The  nearest  post-office, 
Morehead  City — about  three  miles  northwest  of  the  fort. 

CHARTERS. — Five  casemates,  l(i  by  .".-1  feet,  are  occupied  as  officers'  quarters,  and  three  small 
cottages,  of  rough  boards,  containing  each  four  rooms,  10  by  15  feet,  with  small  kitchens  in  rear, 
furnish  additional   quarters  for  officers.     One   other  cottage  for  officers' quarters  is  nearly  com 
pleted.     Six  casemates   are   used  as    men's  quarters,  besides   kitchens  and  mess-rooms.     Officers' 
quarters  in  fair  condition  for  inferior  casemates.     Condition  of  men's  quarters  not  so  good. 

Store-house. — One  casemate,  of  the  uniform  size  of  those  in  the  tort,  is  used  as  a  store-room 
for  quartermaster's  supplies,  and  another  as  a  subsistence  store-room.  One  other  casemate  and 
two  smaller  irregularly-shaped  casemates  are  used  as  ordnance  store  rooms.  Company  store-rooms 
are  in  the  orderly-rooms.  A  large  frame  store-house,  belonging  to  the  Light- House  Department, 
is  partly  used  for  quartermaster's  and  commissary  stores.     Condition  of  store-rooms  fair. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &C. — The  hospital  is  a  frame  building  of  rough  boards,  in  wretched 
condition  and  unlit  for  repairs.  The  guard-house  is  a  casemate,  accommodating  the  guard  and 
the  .narrisoii  prisoners.  Two  other  casemates  are  used  as  prison-rooms  for  convicts  and  general 
prisoners  from  other  posts — constituting  the  military  prison  at  Fort  Macon.  The  stable  is  a  frame 
building,  somewhat  dilapidated,  but  of  sufficient  capacity  for  the  necessities  of  the  post— in  fair  con 
dition.  A  carpenter's  shop,  frame,  in  bad  condition,  soon  to  be  removed,  being  in  close  proximity 
to  officers'  quarters  recently  built.     Same  remark  applies  to  laundresses'  quarters. 

SUPPLY-DEPOTS,  &C. — Supplies — subsistence  and  quartermaster's — are  usually  obtained  from 
New  York  by  steamer  to  New  Berne,  thence  to  Morehead  City  by  rail,  and  at  any  season. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Subsistence  for  three  months  is  usually  obtained.  Subsistence  could  be  ob 
tained  preferably  in  Baltimore,  and  transportation  in  schooners  can  be  obtained  in  New  York,  Phil- 
adelphia, and  Baltimore,  direct  to  the  post. 

Fuel,  FORAGE,  AND  WATER. — Fuel  is  obtained  by  contract  at  the  post,  and  procured  in  the 
surrounding  country.  Forage  is  obtained  in  New  York  :  coin  can  be  obtained  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  post.     Water  from  wells — a,  fair  article,  but  hard. 

Communication. — Communication  is  had  with  Beaufort  and  .Morehead  City  by  means  of  small 
boats. 

Leservation. — The  reservation  embraces  nearly  a  mile  of  the  eastern  extremity  of  Bogue 
Banks.     It  was  ceded  to  the  General  Government  by  the  State  of  North  Carolina  in  1825. 

Description  OF  country,  &C. — Bogue  Banks  consist  of  a  beach  running  about  due  east  and 
west  for  a  few  miles  from  the  foil,  extending  to  the  south  from  that  distance  to  the  western 
extremity,  about  twenty-live  miles  from  the  fort,  and  a  series  of  downs  or  sand-hills  between  the 
beach  and  the  low,  marshj  ground  on  the  north  side.  The  western  parr  of  the  island  is  well 
timbered.  The  country  back  of  Morehead  City  and  Beaufort  is  low  ami  sandy,  and  the  timber 
chiefly  pine,  which  is  very  abundant.     Considerable  cotton  is  raised,  and  extensive  vineyards  are 


144  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  A XI >  .STATIONS. 

being  planted.  Rosin  is  a  chief  article  of  export.  But  little  if  any  grass  is  raised — hay  being 
brought  from  the  North,  mid  the  stock  feeding  on  the  coarse  tule-grass  of  the  marshes. 

No  meteorological  records  appear  to  have  been  kept  at  the  post  or  in  Beaufort,  and  positive 
information  as  to  temperature  cannot  be  given.  The  climate  in  ■winter  is  mild  ;  in  summer  hot, 
tempered  with  sea  breezes.  The  prevailing  winds,  which  are  strong  in  March  and  April,  are  from 
the  southwest.     The  climate  is  healthy. 

Mean  rise  and  fall  of  tides,  2  feet  S  inches  ;  mean  rise  and  fall  of  spring  tides,  :;  feet  3 
inches  :  mean  rise  and  fall  of  neap  tides,  2  feet  1'  inches  ;  water  on  the  liar.  15  feet. 


FORT  McCLEARY,  KITTERY  POINT,  MAINE. 

(Established,  unknown.     There  were  troops  at  the  post  in  1812  ) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JUNE  24,  1870,  BY  PATRICK  GALLAGHER,  ORDNANCE  SERGEANT,  UNITED  STATES 

ARMY,  IX  CHARGE. 

LOCATION. — The  fort  is  built  on  a  rocky  eminence  of  the  main  land,  on  the  north  side  of  the 
Piscataqua  River,  and  commands  the  entrance  to  Portsmouth  Harbor.  The  river  at  this  point  is 
about  one  mile  wide.  The  old  fort  has  been  partly  torn  down  by  the  United  States  engineers,  and 
new  work  commenced  in  1863.  There  are  no  guns  mounted,  nor  has  the  work  progressed  far 
enough  to  mount  any.  The  fort  is  situated  in  the  lower  part  of  the  town  of  Kittery.  The  nearest 
post-office  is  at  Kittery  Point,  about  one-fourth  of  a  mile  from  the  post. 

Quarters. — Officers'  quarters,  none.  Men's  quarters,  a  one-story  brick  building,  containing 
two  rooms.  One  room  is  3!  by  IS  and  one  19  by  18;  will  contain  about  fifty  men;  is  very  old  and 
out  of  repair;  occupied  as  an  ordnance  store-room.  Kitchen  and  mess  room  attached  Ls  a  one-story 
woodeu  building.  Kitchen  17  by  15 ;  mess-room  17  by  J7:  is  entirely  out  of  repair;  occupied  by 
the  engineer  department  as  store-rooms.  Chapel  is  a  one-story  brick"  building.  I'.i  by  13,  inhabit. 
able.  Blockhouse  is  a  two-story  hexagonal  building,  each  square  is  feet  <i  inches;  first  story  built 
of  granite-rock  and  pierced  for  musketry  ;  second  story  is  built  of  wood,  has  six  pintle  blocks  and 
windows,  intended  for  embrasures.  First  story  is  occupied  as  an  ordnance  stoic  loom  ;  second 
story  by  the  engineer  department  as  an  office  and  watchman's  quarters;  is  in  fair  repair.  Maga- 
zine is  a  one-story  brick  building.  13  by  1 1,  in  fair  order. 
Store-house. — None. 

HOSPITAL,  guard-house,  &C. —  Hospital  is  a  one  and  one  half-story  brick  building:  ward  30 
by  22  ;  surgery'.!  feet  6  inches  by  9  feet  6  inches ;  kitchen  18  feet  6  inches  by  15  feet  4  inches: 
store  room  !>  feet  six  inches  by  'J  feet  (i  inches;  built  in  IS!;'!  1>\  the  (mops  a!  the  post  :  is  po  irly 
constructed;  unfinished  above  the  ceiling,:  needs  repairs;  is  occupied  by  the  ordnance  sergeant  as 
quarters;  is  situated  about  500  yards  north  of  the  foil  on  the  reservation.  The  guard  house  is  a 
one-story  brick  building,  19  by  13;  the  roof  partly  destroyed;  ceiling  all  down;  unoccupied. 

Supply-depot. — Boston  is  the  nearest  supply-depot;  distauce  fifty-two  miles ;  route  by  rail 
to  Portsmouth,  from  thence  to  the  post  by  teams,  four  and  one  half  miles. 

Subsistence. — Commutation  of  rations  by  the  assistant  commissary  of  subsistence  at  Fori 
Preble,  Maine. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Fuel  is  generally  obtained  from  New  Hampshire,  there  being 
very  little,  hard  wood  around  here.  Forage  can  be  obtained  in  abundance  from  the  surrounding 
country.  The  post  is  very  poorly  watered.  There  are  two  wells  on  the  reservation,  each  distant 
from  the  jiost  about  100  yards.     Water  can  be  obtained  in  abundance  by  sinking  wells. 

COMMUNICATION. — Either  by  land   or  water.     Principal  part  of  the  town  of  Kittery  is  three 
miles  from  the  post.     Portsmouth  is  distant  four  and  one-hall   miles. 
Reservation. —  Fifteen  acres. 

Description  of  coi  \ti:\,  &c. — The  surrounding  country  is  very  uneven  and  rocky.  Soil, 
when  well  cultivated,  quite  productive.  Timber  scarce — dwarf  pine,  with  a  very  little  scrub  oak. 
Grass  is  of  good  quality;  large  crops  arc  obtained  when  the  land  is  properly  manured.  The 
locality  is  very  healthj  ;  the  average  temperature  aboul  55  . 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  145 


FORT  McHENRY,  MARYLAND. 

(Established  in  1775.  The  site  was  firsl  occupied  as  a  military  post  bj  the  erection  of  a  water 
battery,  in  1775,  for  the  defense  of  the  town.  In  1794  the  fort  was  repaired,  and  the  star 
fort  of   brick  work  added,  when  it  was  ceded  to  the  United  States,  and  called  Fori  McHenry.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN   JINK   28,  1870,   BY  BREVET   BRIGADIER   GENERAL    FTORACE    BROOKS,  COLONEL 

FOURTH  ARTILLERY.  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location.— It  is  situated  on  Whetstone  Point,  a  peninsula  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
northwest  branch  of  the  Patapsco  with  the  main  river,  and  is  about  three  miles  distant  from  the 
center  of  the  city  of  Baltimore,  in  a  southeasterly  direction.  Latitude  39°  1-V  44"  north  :  longitude 
76°  31'  28"  west, 

Qcakters;. — Mens'  quarters:  The  barracks,  as  originally  built  and  intended  to  accommodate 
two  companies,  are  two  substantial  brick  buildings,  occupying  two  adjacent  sides  of  a  pentagon, 
and  located  within  the  fort  inclosures.  They  are  each  97  feet  2  inches  in  length  by  21ij  in  width, 
are  two  stories  high,  with  a  covered  porch  ten  feet  wide  to  each  floor,  extending  the  entire  length 
of  the  west  or  front  side.  Each  story  contains  three  rooms  of  equal  size;  on  the  lower  are  the 
kitchen,  mess-room,  orderly  and  store  rooms;  on  the  upper  are  three  squad-rooms  as  quarters,  earl: 
.'!li  by  21- by  8-j !}  and  10  feet  high,  plastered  and  ceiled,  giving  each  man  (the  company  num- 
bering seventy-four)  about  870  cubic  feet  of  air  space.  In  these  roomsthe  men  live  almost  entirely; 
there  being  no  separate  provision  for  lounging,  smoking,  reading,  &c. 

The  garrison  having  been  increased  within  the  past  few  years  by  the  addition  of  two  artillery 
companies,  it  became  necessary  to  provide  additional  barracks,  and  for  this  purpose  there  were 
fitted  up  two  large  brick  buildings,  originally  built  as  stables  and  used  as  such,  aud  in  which,  dur- 
ing the  late  war,  confederate  prisoners  were  confined.  These  buildings  run  northeast  and  south- 
west, are  near  the  sea-wall,  and  about  94  feet  apart  and  (ISO  from  the  east  angle  of  the  fort.  They 
are  each  about  119^  feet  long  by  32  wide,  with  a  covered  porch  10  feet  wide,  extending  along  the 
front  or  fort  side.  The  lower  story,  14  feet  high,  contains  the  company  office,  store-room,  mess- 
room,  and  kitchen,  and  a  large  room  originally  intended  as  a  lounging  and  reading-room  for  the 
men,  but  which  in  one  building  is  now  vacant,  aud  in  the  other  the  band  is  quartered.  The  upper 
story,  in  which  are  the  men's  quarters,  is  one  large  room  119frr  feet  long  by  32  wide,  8  feet  high 
at  the  eaves  of  the.  roof  and  14A  feet  at  the  ridge,  giving  each  man  449  cubic  feet  of  air  space. 
These  quarters,  by  reason  of  their  great  size,  are  with  difficulty  heated  in  winter.  The  barracks 
are  all  heated  by  wood  stoves,  and  ventilated  by  windows  ou  opposite  sides. 

Laundresses'  quarters  are  situated  on  the  northeast  side  of  the  main  entrance  to  the  fort ;  are 
three  one-story  frame  battened  buildings,  originally  put  up  for  confederate  prisoners,  but  used  for 
quarters  by  troops,  ami  subsequently  divided  into  rooms  and  occupied  by  laundresses. 

Officers'  quarters  are  necessarily  much  scattered  aud  not  uniform.  That  occupied  by  the  com 
manding  officer  is  situated  near  the  chapel,  between  the  two  roads  leading  to  the  wharf.  It  is  an 
old  brick  building,  two  and  a  half  stories  high,  formerly  used  as  a  hospital.  Opposite  to  this  build- 
ing are  two  frame  buildings  used  as  officers'  quarters.  The  one  nearest  the  fort  is  one  and  a  half 
stories  high;  the  other,  consisting  of  two  separate  buildings  joined  at  right  angles,  are  partly  one 
and  partly  two  stories  high.  There  are  within  the  fort  inclosure  two  two-story  brick  buildings. 
occupying  two  adjacent  sides  of  a  pentagon,  each  containing  six  rooms  averaging  about  1G  by  is 
feet.  Facing  the  road  leading  to  the  fort  there  are  two  double  cottages  and  one  single,  built  last 
spring.  The  double  cottages  contain  lour  rooms,  two  kitchens  and  four  attic  rooms  ;  the  single  one 
contains  three  rooms,  one  kitchen  and  four  attic  rooms.  The  buildings  are  convenient  aud  com- 
fortable, with  the  exception  of  being  damp.  They  are  filled  with  brick  and  covered  in  with  weather- 
boarding,  running  vertically  and  battened. 

Store-houses. — The  ordnance,  quartermaster,  and  commissary  store-rooms  are  in  three  large 
frame  buildings  without  the  fort,  and  afford  ample  room  for  all  stores  on  hand.     There  are  also 
two  ordnance  sheds  outside,  in  which  ordnance  stores  are  kept. 
19 


140  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITAB1    POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Hospital,  guard-hou.se,  &c. — The  hospital  proper  is  a  substantial  brick  building,  situated 
upon  elevated  ground  within  the  fort  limits  and  fronting  to  the  southeast,  two  stories  high,  with  a 
basement  and  attic  rooms.  It  was  built  about  thirty-five  years  since ;  it  is  ."i.'U  by  27  feet,  and  has  two 
large  covered  porches  10  feet  wide  extending  around  the  building  on  the  lower  and  upper  floors — 
the  lower  floor  is  about  4  feet  from  the  ground,  and  is  reached  by  stairs  at  the  front  and  rear  porch. 
The  building  is  heated  by  stoves  and  lighted  by  kerosene  oil,  and  ventilated  by  windows.  A  hall, 
23  feet  1<>  inches  by  0  feet,  divides  each  floor,  on  the  one  side  of  which  (on  lower  floor)  are  two 
rooms  of  equal  size,  11  feet  0  inches  by  lit  feet  4  inches  ;  on  the  other  side,  one  large  room  for  dis- 
pensary, and  a  smaller  room  adjoining  used  as  an  office.  These  rooms  are  ample  and  furnished 
with  the  usual  fixtures.  The  second  floor  i.s  equally  divided  by  a  hall  extending  from  front  to  rear, 
having  a  ward  23  feet  10  inches  by  10  feet  4  inches  and  12  feet  0  inches  high  on  each  side.  Six 
beds  can  be  placed  in  these  wards,  giving  to  each  man  070  cubic  feet  of  air  space.  Each  room  has 
a  water-closet.  The  bath-room  is  on  the  first  floor  adjoining  the  office.  The  basement  story 
extends  only  under  one-half  of  the  building,  and  contains  the  kitchen,  which  is  low  and  dark.  This 
building  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  main  tank  inside  the  fort,  and  conveyed  in  pipes  to  the 
first  floor  of  the  hospital.    There  is  also  a  fine  spring  near  the  building. 

During  the  recent  war  it  became  necessary  to  provide  additional  hospital  accommodations  :  so 
a  temporary  frame  building  was  erected  adjoining  the  hospital  on  the  southwest  side.  This  build- 
ing, 150  by  30/3  feet,  is  connected  with  the  main  building  by  an  addition  of  GOi  by  -•">!  feet, 
extending  from  the  center  of  each.  The  connecting  building  contains  the  mess-room,  store  room,  and 
linen-room.  The  frame  building  was  originally  one  large  ward,  but  latterly  a  portion  of  it  has 
been  partitioned  off  sufficient  to  contain  twenty  beds.  This  ward  gives  1,200  cubic  feet  of  air  space 
Iter  bed. 

The  guard-house  is  situated  at  the  entrance  to  the  fort,  occupying  the  fifth  side  of  a  pentagon. 
It  is  a  substantial  brick  building,  the  archway  passing  through  it,  on  one  side  of  which  are  two 
rooms,  one  21  feet  5  inches  by  14  feet  i!  inches,  the  other  12J-V  by  12T2.T  feet,  used  for  the 
confinement  of  prisoners.  These  rooms  are  deemed  too  small  for  the  strength  of  the  garrison. 
The  guard-room,  21  feet  5  inches  by  14  feet  2  inches,  is  on  the  other  side  of  the  archway,  and  com- 
municates by  means  of  a  door  of  iron  bars  with  three  cells,  each  about  10  by  4  feet,  intended  for 
solitary  confinement.     The  guard-house  is  warmed  by  stoves.     Its  ventilation  is  good. 

Supi'lv-dei'OTS,  &o. — Baltimore,  Maryland.  The  medical  supplies  are  obtained  upon  requi- 
sition from  the  medical  purveying  depot  at  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  received  in  good 
condition  and  kept  in  hospital  store-room. 

Subsistence. — The  regulation  rations  are  furnished  to  the  men,  and  also  a  supply  of  stores 
are  kept  on  hand  for  sale  to  officers — quality  as  a  general  rule  good.  The  stores  are  furnished  by 
the.  chief  commissary  of  subsistence  Department  of  the  East. 

FUEL,  FORAGE,  and  WATER. — The  fuel  consists  of  wood  and  coal ;  the  forage  of  hay  and  oats, 
furnished  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department.  The  principal  supply  of  water  is  furnished  by  an 
artesian  well  sunk  in  the  center  of  the  parade  ground  inside  the  fort.  The  well  is  142  feet  in  depth. 
12  inches  in  diameter.  92  feet  down — 88  feet  of  8  inch  pipe  extending  to  L38  feet,  double  pipe  Hi 
feet.  The  water  is  forced  by  means  of  a  fori  e  pump,  from  a  depth  of  .'!0  feet,  into  an  iron  tank  ol 
a  capacity  of  3,322  gallons,  and  distributed  through  iron  pipes  to  the  following  hydrants,  viz. : 
one  in  the  center  of  the  fort,  one  in  the  center  of  the  road  leading  from  the  sally-port  to  the  wharf, 
one  near  the  southwest  corner  of  the  laundresses"  quarters,  one  in  the  hospital  yard,  one  in  the  dis- 
pensary, one  in  the  hospital  kitchen,  one  in  second  story  of  brick  hospital,  and  one  in  every  kitchen 
of  the  officers'  quarters,  in  new  quarters,  and  in  the  commanding  officer's  house.  The  post  is  also 
supplied  by  means  of  pumps  from  wells  located  as  follows:  One  in  the  southeast  corner  of  the  fort, 
one  in  the  southwest  corner  of  the  yard  in  rear  of  the  commanding  officer's  quarters,  and  one  in 
the  hospital  grounds. 

Communication. — Baltimore  city  post-office. 

i;i:st:i;\  ation. — The  military  reservation  covers  an  area  of  49^  acres,  of  which  about  I,', 
is  occupied  by  the  fort  and  water  battery.  The  surrounding  country  is  comparatively  low  and 
level,  with  occasional  undulations.     During  the  summer  the  prevailing  winds  vary  from  south   to 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF   MILITARY    POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  147 

east — those  of  winter  are  mostly  northwest.  In  summer  the  winds  pass  over  the  Low  lands  on  tbe 
opposite  side  of  the  Patapsco,  over  one  mile  distant  from  the  fort.  The  fort  occupies  the  whole  of 
the  extremity  of  the  peninsula.  Its  cresl  is  ill  feet,  and  the  parade-ground  31.1  feet  above  low- 
water  mark.  The  land  is  of  a  sandy  nature,  and  is  not  suited  for  farming  or  gardening  purposes. 
There  is  no  timber  on  the  reservation  except  a  few  shade-trees,  and  fuel  is  obtained  from  the  Quar- 
termaster's Department;  also  the  forage. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  reservation  is  surrounded  by  water,  except  on  the  west 
side,  which  extends  to  the  city  limits ;  and  the  dividing  line  is  marked  by  a  brick  wall.  A  sub- 
stantial sea-wall  runs  nearly  all  the  way  around  the  reserve. 


FORT  MIFFLIN,   PHILADELPHIA,   PENNSYLVANIA. 

tablished  A.  D.  1798.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  OCTOBER  25,  1870,  BY  GEORGE  BROMLEY,  ORDNANCE  SERGEANT,  UNITED  STATES 

ARMY.  IX  CI!  OJGE. 

Location. —  la  the  Twenty-seventh  ward  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  on  the  western  shore  of 
the  Delaware  River,  about  one  mile,  below  the  mouth  of  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  southwest  from 
the  city  proper.     Distance  from  the  city  by  water  about  eight  miles,  and  by  land  five  miles. 

Quarters. — Commanding  officer's  quarters,  one  and  a  half  stories,  70  by  31.1  feet,  brick, 
rough-coated,  tin  roof,  in  good  order,  with  the  exception  of  the  natural  decay  and  long  use  of  the 
wood-work  inside.  Subaltern  officers'  quarters,  two  stories,  .so  by  20.1  feet ;  kitchen  to  said  quarters, 
1  U  by  124  feet,  and  attached  to  the  main  building.  Material — brick,  slate  roof,  in  good  order, 
with  the  exception  of  the  roof,  which  requires  slight  repairs,  and  also  the  wood-work  inside  of  the 
building,  which  is  decayed  from  long  use,  &c.  Company  quarters  for  one  company  of  artillery, 
one  and  a  half  stories  high,  brick,  slate  roof,  117A  by  28  feet,  divided  into  three  squad-rooms,  one 
mess-room,  kitchen,  one  orderly-room,  and  a  small  room  for  sutler's  store  on  the  first  floor,  and  six- 
rooms  for  the  company  laundresses,  and  one  company  store-room  on  the  second  floor.  The  roof 
and  wood-work  of  said  building  require  slight  repairs. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster's  and  commissary  store,  one  story,  brick,  slate  roof.  55^  by  20 
feet,  divided  into  two  rooms ;  in  good  order,  with  the  exception  of  the  roof  and  part,  of  the  wood- 
work inside,  which  require  slight  repairs.  Ordnance  store,  one  story,  brick,  slate  roof,  4-1  by  2-1.1 
feet,  in  good  order,  with  the  exception  of  the  roof,  which  requires  slight  repairs.  Gun-shed,  one 
story,  brick,  shingle  roof,  !>7J  by  30A  feet,  in  good  order,  though  roof  requires  general  repair;  part 
of  gun-shed  is  used  by  the  Engineer  Department  and  the  balance  by  the  Ordnance  Department. 
Blacksmith-shop,  one  story,  brick,  shingle  roof,  22^  by  19  feet,  in  good  order. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Guard-house,  one  story,  wood,  tin  roof,  divided  into  two 
rooms,  one  as  a  guard-room  and  one  as  a  prison-room,  30J  by  1(1  feet,  in  good  order. 

Hospital,  (outside  of  fort,)  two  stories,  brick,  shingle  roof,  51  by  20  feet,  five  wards  and  dis- 
pensary :  roof  and  wood-work  require  repairing.  Hospital  kitchen,  (outside  of  fort,)  wood,  shingle 
roof,  20  by  20  feet.  Hospital  wash-house,  (outside  of  fort-,)  wood,  board  roof,  24  by  IS  feet.  Hos 
pital  store-house,  (outside  of  fort,)  wood,  board  roof.  16  by  16  feet,  in  good  order,  except  the  roof, 
which  requires  repair.  Ice-house,  (outside  of  fort,)  wood,  shingle  roof,  23  by  23  feet,  in  good  order. 
Public  stable,  (outside  of  fort.)  wood,  shingle  roof,  30  by  1>U  feet.  Hay-house,  (outside  of  fort,) 
wood,  shingle  roof,  30  by  10  feet.  "Wood-shed,  (outside  of  fort,)  wood,  board  roof,  50  by  13  feet. 
All  of  these  buildings  are  more  or  less  in  need  of  repairs. 
S upply-depot,  & c— Philadel phia. 

SUBSISTENCE. — From  Philadelphia.  The  amount  of  subsistence  usually  kept  on  hand  during 
the  occupancy  of  the  post  by  troops  is  for  one  company,  and  supplied  in  the  fall  ami  spring,  with 
the  exception  of  fresh  meats.  &c,  which  are  supplied  weekly  from  the  Philadelphia  markets. 

FCEL,  FORAGE,  A.xn  WATER. — Coal   is  from   the   Schuylkill   regions  of  Pennsylvania,  by  the 


148  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Schuylkill  River  and  railroads,  and  wood  from  the  States  of  Now  Jersey  and  Delaware,  by  the 
Delaware  River.  Forage  is  furnished  from  the  quartermaster's  depot,  Philadelphia.  Water  is 
supplied  for  the  garrison  from  the  Delaware  River  for  cooking  and  dunking'  purposes,  there  being 
no  well  inside  or  outside  of  the  fort  that  supplies  water  fit  for  such  use. 

Communication. — By  the  Delaware  River  and  the  road  to  Philadelphia. 

Reservation. — About  317  acres. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  surface  of  the  land  immediately  adjoining  the  fort  is  flat 
and  marshy,  embracing  an  area  of  about  six  thousand  acres  of  land;  but  to  the  northwest  of  this  it 
is  rolling,  divided  by  numerous  fresh-water  streams.  Productions — Indian  corn,  wheat,  rye,  oats, 
potatoes,  &c.  Grass — timothy,  clover,  greeu  grass.  &e.  Timber — oak.  chestnut,  poplar,  ash. 
maple,  hickory,  and  willow. 

The  neighborhood  of  the  fort  is  comparatively  healthy.  Malarial  diseases  prevail  during  the 
fall  and  spring  months.  Climate  variable — often  subject  to  sudden  changes:  especially  is  this  the 
case  diuing  the  winter  and  spring  months. 

The  fort  is  at  present  undergoing  repairs  by  the  Engineer  Department. 


FORT  MONROE  ARSENAL,  VIRGINIA. 

(Established  August,  L824.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JULY  7,1870,  BY  BREVET  COLONEL  T.  G.  BAYLOR,  M  VJOE  OF  ORDNANCE,  IN  CHARGE 

OF  ARSENAL. 

Location. — Fort  Monroe,  Virginia.  Distant  fifteen  miles  from  Norfolk,  Virginia,  and  north 
by  west  from  it.  Distant  three  miles  from  Hampton,  Virginia,  and  southeast  from  it.  Latitude 
37°  00'  021"  ;  longitude  76°  IS'.    Post-office,  <  >ld  Point  <  'omfort,  Virginia. 

Quarters. — Officers',  one  two  story,  brick,  slate  roof,  79  by  20  feet,  divided  into  two  sets  of 
quarters;  each  set  contains  six  rooms  in  good  condition ;  two  two  story,  wood,  shingle  roof,  each 
:;7  by  33  feet,  four  rooms  in  each  in  good  condition.  Men's,  one  two-story,  brick,  slate  roof,  65  by 
25  feet,  three  rooms,  occupied  by  enlisted  men;  in  good  condition:  three  two  story,  wood,  shingle 
roof,  each  41  by  IS  feet,  two  rooms  in  each,  occupied  by  hired  men;  in  good  condition;  one  two- 
story,  wood,  shingle  roof,  10  by  32  feet,  divided  into  three  sets  of  quarters,  four  rooms  in  each, 
occupied  by  hired  men  ;  in  good  condition. 

Store-houses. — Two  one-story,  brick,  slate  roof,  125  by  30  feet,  a  I  present  used  for  storing 
gun-carriages  ;  needs  repairs  ;  one  one -story,  wood,  shingle  roof,  56  by  20  feet,  at  present  used  for 
storing  material :  in  good  condition  ;  one  two-story,  wood,  tin  roof,  177  by  27  feet,  at  present  used 
for  storing  material ;  in  good  condition  ;  one  one-story,  wood,  tin  roof,  125  by  40  feet,  at  present 
used  for  storing  material:  in  good  condition  ;  one  one-story,  wood,  shingle  roof,  224  by  26  feet,  at 
present  used  for  storing  material;  in  good  condition  ;  one  one-story,  wood,  shingle  roof.  70  by  27 
feet,  at  present  used  for  storing  material ;  in  good  condition:  one  one  story,  wood,  shingle  root. 
32  by  20  feel,  scale-house,  in  good  condition. 

Eospital,  guard-house,  &c.— One  two-story,  wood,  tin  roof,  88  U\  20  feet,  stable,  in  good 
condition;  one  one-story,  wood,  shingle  roof,  K>  by  15  feet,  office,  needs  repairs;  one  one-story, 
brick,  slate  roof,  235  by  52  feet,  workshop,  in  good  condition  ;  one  one  -story,  wood,  tin  root.  1  (."■  h\ 
25  feet,  workshop,  in  good  condition  ;  one  one  story,  wood,  shingle  roof,  107  by  27  feet,  workshop 
and  brass  foundery,  in  good  condition;  one  one  story,  wood,  shingle  root.  '_'7  by  18  feet,  sabotshop, 
in  good  condition  ;  one  one  story,  brick,  slate  roof.  131  bj  33  feet,  workshop  and  engine-room,  in 
good  condition  ;  one  one  story,  brick,  slate  root,  .Mi  bj  !"■>  feet,  boiler  house,  ingood  condition:  one 
one-story,  wood,  tin  roof,  55  by  tl  feet,  steam  hammer  house,  in  good  condition. 

Si  PPLY-DEPOTS,  &C. —  For  quartermaster  and  subsistence  stores,  Fort    Monroe,  Virginia. 

Subsistence. — For  enlisted  men,  drawn  on  requisition  from  post  commissaryat  Fort  Monroe, 
Virginia. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  149 

Fuel,  forage,  ami  watee. — Fuel  and  forage  drawn  on  requisition  from  depot  quartermaster 
at  Fort  Monroe,  Virginia.     Water  is  either  from  wells  or  cisterns. 

Communication. — By  water,  daily,  to  Baltimore,  Maryland,  by  steamboat  ;  three  times  daily 
to  Norfolk,  Virginia,  ^by  steamboat,  and  twice  a  week  to  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  bj 
steamboat. 

Reservation.— Old  Point  Comfort,  at  whicli  Fort  Monroe  arsenal  is  situated,  embraces  250 
acres  of  land. 

Description  of  cot  ntry,  &c. — The  surrounding  country  is  low  and  tiat,  and  the  soil  sandy. 
The  soil  is  very  favorable  for  raisin--  early  vegetables  and  fruits,  or  for  what  is  generally  termed 
trucking.  Some  -rain  is  also  raised.  ( >ak,  yellow  pine,  hickory,  and  gum,  are  the  principal  timber 
trees.     The  climate  is  generally  mild  and  healthy,  and  temperature  moderate. 


FORT  MONROE,  VIRGINIA. 

(Established  in  the  year  181S.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  SEPTEMBER  13,  1870,  BY  COLONEL  WILLIAM  V.  BAKRV,  SECOND  ARTILLERY,  <  OM 

MANDING  POST. 

Location. — old  Point  Comfort,  Elizabeth  City  County,  Virginia,  three  miles  southeast  of 
Hamilton  and  fifteen  miles  north  of  Norfolk.     Post-office  at  the  fort. 

QUARTERS.— One  frame  building,  HI  by  70,  one  story,  eight  r< is,  four  rooms  for  quarters  and 

lour  rooms  for  officers,  in  good  condition;  one  frame  building,  34  by  31,  one  story,  live  rooms, 
quarters  of  military  store-keeper,  in  good  condition:  one  brick  building,  34  by  34,  two  stories, 
twenty-four  rooms,  officers'  quarters,  in  good  condition;  sixteen  rooms  assignable,  sixteen  base- 
ments and  attics,  and  eight  kitchens;  one  frame  building,  34  by  34,  one-story,  five  rooms,  officers' 
quarters,  in  good  condition  :  one  frame  building,  3  I  by  34,  one-story,  four  rooms,  officers'  quarters, 
in  good  condition  ;  two  brick  buildings,  3 1  by  34,  two-story,  fourteen  rooms  each,  officers'  quarters, 
in  good  condition;  one  brick  building,  -'It  by  34,  two-story,  eight  rooms,  commanding  officer's  quar- 
ters, in  good  condition;  casemates,  first  front,  one-story,  twenty-eight  rooms,  twenty-four  rooms- 
for  officers'  quarters  and  four  rooms  for  condenser,  in  good  condition  ;  casemates,  second  front,  one 
story,  twenty-eight  rooms,  officers'  quarters,  in  good  condition  :  casemates,  third  front,  one-story, 
twenty-eight  rooms,  quarters  of  noncommissioned  staff,  band  and  school-rooms,  in  good  condition; 
six  frame  buildings,  one-story,  one  room  each,  quarters  for  six  batteries,  in  good  condition;  one 
frame  building,  34  by  34,  one-story,  one  room,  quarters  for  band,  in  good  condition;  two  frame 
buildings,  34  by  34,  two-story,  twenty-eight  rooms  each,  quarters  for  laundresses  belonging  to  bat- 
teries, in  good  condition. 

Store-houses. — One  frame  building,  40  by  150,  one  story,  one  room,  store-house  for  quarter- 
master's stores,  in  good  condition;  one  frame  building,  20  by  50,  one-story,  one  room,  store-house  for 
lime,  in  good  condition  :  one  frame  building,  18  by  30,  one  story,  one  room,  store-house  for  oil,  in  good 
condition  ;  one  frame  building  To  by  '■•<•,  one-story,  one  room,  store-house  for  quartermaster's  stores, 
needs  thorough  overhauling;  one  frame  building,  30  by  354,  one-story,  one  room,  store-house  for 
forage  and  straw,  needs  thorough  overhauling;  one  frame  building.  60  by  200,  one-story,  one  room, 
store-house  for  quartermaster's  stores,  requires  new  roof;  one  frame  building,  25  by  48,  one-story, 
one  room,  store-house  for  clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage,  in  good  condition:  one  frame 
building,  CO  by  250,  one-story,  one  room,  store-house  for  clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage,  in 
good  condition  ;  one  frame  building,  28  by  47,  one-story,  three  rooms,  offices  for  subsistence  depart 
ment,  in  good  condition  ;  three  casemates,  one-story,  three  rooms,  subsistence  store  rooms,  in  good 
condition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c.— One  frame  building,  16  by  49,  one  story,  two  rooms,  school- 
house,  in  good  condition;  one  frame  building,  30  by  35,  two-story,  nine  rooms,  quarters  of  em- 
ployes, needs  repairing;  one  frame  building,  23  by  32,  two-story,  eight  rooms,  quarters  of  employes. 


150  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

needs  repairing;  one  frame  building,  20  by  30,  one  story,  six  rooms,  quarters  of  employes,  needs 
repairing;  one  frame  building,  30  by  50,  one-story,  six  rooms,  quarters  of  employes,  needs  repair- 
ing; one  frame  building,  30  by  30,  one-story,  five  rooms,  quarters  of  employes,  needs  repairing; 
<me  frame  building,  15  by  28,  two-story,  four  rooms,  quarters  of  employes,  needs  repairing; 
one  frame  building,  10  by  11,  one-story,  six  rooms,  quarters  of  employes, needs  repairing;  one 
frame  building,  30  by  12,  one-story,  five  rooms,  quarters  of  employes,  needs  repairing;  one  frame 
building',  12  by  24,  one  story,  two  rooms,  quarters  of  employes,  needs  repairing;  one  frame  build- 
ing, 20  by  CO,  one  story,  two  rooms,  quarters  of  employes,  needs  repairing;  one  frame  building. 
40  by  22,  one-story,  seven  rooms,  post-office  and  hook-store,  needs  repairing;  one  frame  building, 
25  by  50,  one  story,  one  room,  blacksmith  shop,  in  good  condition;  one  frame  building,  26  by  50, 
one  story,  one  room,  carpenter  shop,  in  good  condition;  one  frame  building,  16  by  30,  one  story, 
one  room,  paint-shop,  in  good  condition  ;  one  frame  building,  56  by  88,  one-story,  seventy- 
two  stalls,  stable,  in  good  condition:  one  frame  building,  21  by  30,  two-story,  seven  rooms. 
quarters  of  employes,  needs  repairing;  one  frame  building,  10  by  58,  one-story,  five  rooms,  team- 
sters' mess-house,  in  good  condition  ;  one  frame  building,  20  by  45,  one  story,  one  room,  engine- 
house,  (steamer,)  in  good  condition;  one  frame  building,  one-story,  one  room,  engine-house, (hand,) 
in  good  condition:  four  casemates,  one-story,  four  rooms,  guard-house,  prison-rooms,  and  cells,  in 
good  condition ;  one  brick  building,  two-story,  six  rooms,  hospital,  in  good  condition;  one  frame 
building,  27  by  144,  two-story,  four  rooms,  post  ordnance  store-house,  in  good  condition  ;  one  frame 
building,  31  by  120,  one-story,  one  room,  post  ordnance  store-house,  in  good  condition  :  one  frame 
building,  one  story,  two  rooms,  office  of  commanding  officer,  in  good  condition  ;  one  frame  building, 
one-story,  four  rooms,  office  of  post  adjutant. 

Supply-depots,  &c— For  Quartermaster  Department,  Philadelphia  and  New  York.  Seasons  of 
supply,  quarterly. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Supplied  from  Baltimore  and  New  York.  Amount  usually  kept  on  hand,  sup- 
ply for  three  months  for  six  companies  of  artillery  and  band. 

Fuel.  FORAGE,  AND  water.— Coal  by  contract  from  Philadelphia.  Wood  and  forage  by  local 
contract.     Water  supplied  by  cisterns  and  steam  condenser  of  5,000  gallons  daily  capacity. 

( )<  (MMUNIcation.— Water. 

Reservation.— Ceded  to  the  United  States  by  the  State  of  Virginia,  A.  D.  1818.  Extent  not 
known,  but  believed  to  be  250  acres  for  the  defenses  and  2  acres  for  the  lighthouse. 

Description  op  country,  &c— Flat;  soil,  light  sand;  timber,  yellow-pine,  live-oak,  holly, 
gum,  &c;  crops,  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  garden  vegetables. 


FORT  MONTGOMERY,  NEW  YORK. 
(Established — unknown.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  OCTOBER   l:;.  L870.  BY  ROBERT  GRAINGER,  ORDNANCE  SERGE  \\T.  UNITED  STATES 

ARMY,  m  CHARGE. 

Location.— Rouse's  Point,  New  York.    Site  washed  by  waters  of  bake  Champlain.     Posl 
office  one  mile  from  the  post. 

Quarters. — Officers'  quarters  built  of  lime  and  blue  stone,  with  arches  of  brick;  forty-one 

i s;  size,  18  by  20.     Enlisted  men's  quarters  of  same  material ;  Dumber  of  rooms,  twentj  three. 

None  of  the  quarters  are  finished. 

Store-houses. — Five  bastions  in  the  fori  are  capable  of  being  converted  into  store-houses  for 
quartermaster  and  commissary  property.  Four  large  rooms  in  the  north  and  south  bastions  are 
intended,  when  completed,  for  ordnance  stores. 

Supply-depots,  &c— Supplies  are  obtained  from  post  of  Plattsburgh,  distanl  24  miles  bj 
turnpike  and  water  and  .'!_'  miles  by  rail. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  151 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Water  is  obtained  from  Lake  Champlain. 

Communication. — By  land  and  water  in  summer;  by  land  only  in  winter,  as  navigation  closes 
in  November. 

Reservation. — Six  hundred  acres. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Climate  very  cold  in  winter;  locality  healthy. 


NEW  YORK  ARSENAL,  GOVERNOR'S  ISLAND,  NEW  YORK  HARBOR. 

(Established  1833.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN  JUNE  21,  1 -To,  BY  BREVET  COLONEL  T.  T.  S.  LAIDLKV.  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL 

OF  ORDNANCE,  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location. — Northeastern  part  of  the  island,  a  half  mile  from  the  "Battery,"  New  York  City. 

Quarters. — Two  sets  of  quarters,  built  of  brick.     There  are  no  men's  quarters. 

STORE-HOUSES. — No  store-houses  for  quartermaster's  stores  or  for  commissary  stores. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — No  hospital.  Guard-room  12  feet  square;  a  light  frame 
building.  A  substantial  brick  stable  for  three  yoke  of  oxen,  and  a  frame  octagonal  wood  building 
with  four  stalls  accommodate  the  public  oxen,  and  private  horses  and  cows  of  the  officers. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Supplies  are  obtained  from  the  quartermaster  and  commissary  of  Fort 
Columbus,  Governor's  Island. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Fuel  and  forage  obtained  from  New  York  City.  Water  is 
obtained  from  wells  and  cisterns. 

Communication. — Barges  are  the  principal  dependence  tor  communicating  with  the  city.  A 
steamer  chartered  by  the  Quartermaster's  Department  also  makes  trips  to  the  island  daily. 

Reservation. — A  little  more  than  live  acres. 


FORT  PICKERING,  SALEM,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

(Established  in  the  revolutionary  war  ;  was  enlarged  and  improved  in  1802.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JULY  ■„'.  1870,  BY  (iEORGE  P.  BRADFORD,  ORDXAXCE  SERGEANT,  UNITED  STATES 

ARMY.  IX  CHARGE. 

Location. — The  fort  is  on  the  southern  end  of  Winter  Island,  half  a  mile  southeast  of  Fort  Lee  ; 
one  mile  east  of  Phillips's  wharf,  Salem,  by  land,  and  five-eighths  of  a  mile  by  water,  and  two  miles 
from  the  Salem  post  office,  by  Salem  neck,  which  is  connected  with  Winter  Island  by  a  causewa\. 
The  main  ship-channel  passes  immediately  under  the  guns  of  the  fort,  which  is  almost  surrounded 
by  water — on  the  north  and  east  by  Massachusetts  Bay,  on  the  south  by  Salem  Harbor,  and  on  the 
west  by  a  moat  over  which  access  to  the  fort  is  obtained  by  a  drawbridge.  Outside  of  the  fori 
proper  are  the  Government  buildings,  all  of  wood.  • 

Quarters. — The  officers'  quarters,  now  the  ordnance  sergeant's,  contain  five  rooms  and  meas 
ure  together  640  square  feet.    The  men's  quarters,  built  in  the  form  of  an  "  L,"  give  in  the  clear 
3,735  square  feet — 581  and  jj  of  these  are  partitioned  off  at  one  end  as  a  kitchen.     The  timbers  of 
this  building  are  good,  but  some  repairs  are  necessary  to  make  it  habitable. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c.— The  hospital  contains  00.3  square  feet.  One-half  of  this  build- 
ing was  used  during  the  late  war  as  a  commissary  store-house — the  other  half  as  a  hospital.  The 
timbers  of  this  building  are  good,  almost  new,  and  with  the.  exception  of  the  windows,  which  are 
very  much  broken,  the  building  is  in  good  condition.  Tt  is  built  entirely  of  wood,  and  has  no 
chimney. 


152  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

The  gaard-liouse  has  201  square  feet  of  room.  There  are  no  bunks  or  gun-racks,  and  the  build- 
ing is  in  very  bad  repair;  it  is  built  of  wood,  and  has  no  chimney. 

The  stable  and  carriage  shed  is  30  by  15.  There  are  no  stalls  for  horses :  the  doors  are  broken, 
and  some  other  slight  repairs  are  needed  ;  it  is  built  of  wood. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Boston  is  the  nearest  supply-depot.  Quartermaster's  and  subsistence 
stores  may  be  landed  from  vessels  of  light  draught  at  any  season  of  the  year.  Stores  forwarded 
by  land  should  be  supplied  during  the  summer  months,  as  the  travel  over  the  road  is  difficult  in 
winter. 

Subsistence. — There  are  no  troops,  and  consequently  no  subsistence  stored  at  the  post.  The 
ordnance  sergeant's  rations  are  commuted  by  the  assistant  commissary  of  subsistence  at  Fort  In- 
dependence, Boston  Harbor. 

Fuel,  FORAGE,  AND  "WATER. — There  is  a  little  over  95,000  pounds  of  anthracite  coal  at  the 
post.  Wood  is  purchased  iu  small  quantities  in  Salem,  on  order  from  the  assistant  quartermaster 
in  Boston.  There  is  an  excellent  well  of  good  soft  water,  amply  sufficient  a1  all  seasons  for  two  or 
more  companies. 

C0M3IUNICATI0N. — Both  by  land  and  water. 

Reservation. — About  300,000  square  feet — no  means  at  the  post  of  making  a  correct  meas- 
urement. 

Description  or  country,  &c. — Fort  Pickering  stands  somewhat  low  iu  the  \\  ater  and  maj  be 
looked  into  from  several  of  the  hills  in  the  vicinity.  A  farm-school  has  .just  been  established  on  the 
island  north  of  the  fort.  There  is  a  good  garden  at  the  fort,  and  hay  sufficient  foi  two  cows  can  be 
cut.  The  soil  is  of  a  light  sandy  nature,  and  rock-sand  can  be  dug  out  in  large  quantities.  Stone 
abounds,  and  of  this  material  the  foundation  of  officers'  quarters  was  laid  in  1864.  The  post  is 
very  healthy. 


PIKESVILLE  ARSENAL,  MARYLAND. 

(  Established — date  not  known.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN   JUNE   23,    1&70,    BY   CAPTAIN    M.   J.    GREALISH,    ORDNAN<  E    STORE-KEEPER,  IN 

(  li  URGE  OF    m:-; 

Location. — At  Pikesville,  Maryland,  eight  miles  west  of  Baltimore  City,  Maryland,  on  the 
Reisterstown  road. 

Quarters. — Officers  and  men's  quarters  are  in  a  good  condition,  built  of  hard-pressed  brick, 
and  of  the  following  dimensions,  viz:  Officers'  quarters,  one  building,  two  stories,  71  by  38  feet, 
containing  eight  rooms.  Men's  quarters,  built  of  hard-pressed  brick,  and  of  the  following  dimen- 
sions: <  me  building,  two  stories,  80  by  27  feet,  containing  ten  rooms. 

Store-houses. — There  are  two  store-houses  of  the  following  dimensions  :  1st.  That  used  as 
an  arsenal  is  two  stories,  too  by  29  feet.  2d.  That  used  as  store-house  for  quartermaster  and  com- 
missary stores  is  two  stories  high.  50  by  27  feet,  both  of  which  are  built  of  hard-pressed  brick. 

Hospital,  <;i  ai;i>  itoi  si;,  &C. — The  other  public  buildings  consist  of  live  work-shops,  average 
ing55  by  21  feet :  also  one  for  office,  40  by  -'1  feet ;  these  are  built  of  hard  pressed  brick,  one  of  which 
is  used  as  a  guard-house.  Also  a  stable,  To  by  30  feet,  built  of  stone  and  brick  :  also  two  maga- 
zines, one  of  which  is  24  h\  24  feet,  liuilt  ofbriek:  the  other  is  60  bj  21  feet,  built  of  stone.  These 
buildings  are  all  one  story  high,  and  in  good  condition. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermaster  and  commissary  stores  are  received  from  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  all  of  which  have  to  be  hauled  in  wagons. 

S:  BSISTENCE. — Three  months'  rations,  for  four  enlisted  men  and  one  civilian  employe,  are 
kept  on  hand. 

li  EL,    FORAGE,    AND   WATER.— Fuel    is  purchased    from    farmers   residing   in    the  vicinity.     A 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

sufficient  supplj  of  forage  is  obtained  <>f  the  lands  belonging  to  the  arsenal,     Water  in  abundance 
is  had  within  the  inclosure. 

Communication. — Between  Baltimore  and  Pikesville  is  bj  wagons  retained  at  the  arsenal  for 
that  purpose.    An  omnibus  leaves  Pikesville  daily  for  Baltimore  at  7  a,  m.:    returning,  leave 
Baltimore  at  4  p.  in. 

Reservation. — Fifteen  acre  . 


FORT  PHCENIX,  FAIRHAVEN,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

(Established — date  not  known.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    JUNE    22,    1870,    BY   JOHN    WETZEL,    ORDNANCE    SERGEANT,    UNITED    STATES 

ARMY,  IN  CHARGE. 

Location. — One  mile  smith  of  the  village  of  Fairhaven,  harbor  of  New  Bedford,  Massachu- 
setts.    Nearest  post-office  one  mile. 

Quarters. — One  officers'  quarters,  21  by  18  feet,  one  and  one-half  stories  high,  lias  three 
rooms — two  rooms  are  11  by  11  feet,  one  room  :-'!>  by  1  * >  feel  ;  the  building  is  of  wood,  and  is  old 
and  decayed.  One  barrack,  40  by  24  feet,  one  and  one-half  stories  nigh,  lias  capacity  for  one  com- 
pany; the  building  is  of  wood,  and  is  old  and  decayed.  Ordnance  sergeant's  quarters,  28  by  If 
feet,  one-story  high ;  a  wooden  building,  in  good  condition. 

Store-houses. — None. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  Ac- None. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Nearest  quartermaster's  depot  is  Boston,  Massachusetts.  Route  is  by 
the  Old  Colony  and  Fairhaven  Branch  Railroad. 

Subsistence. — None  kept  at  the  post. 

Fuel,  FORAGE,  and  WATER. — Water,  fuel,  and  forage  can  be  obtained  iii  the  vicinity. 

Communication. — Communication  is  by  land  and  water. 

Reservation. — Two  acres. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Soil  good;  no  timber:  grass  and  water  in  abundance; 
locality  very  healthy. 


POST  OF  PLATTSBURGH  BARRACKS,  NEW  YORK. 

(Established. — No  records  at  the  post  to  show  what  time  it  was  established ;  probably  about  1812 

or  1814.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JULY  12,  1870,  BY  BREVET  MAJOR  GENERAL  RICHARD  ARNOLD,  CAPTAIN,  FIFTH 

UNITED  STATUS  ARTILLERY',  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location. — Situated  upon  the  southern  part  of  the  reservation,  i sandy  plain,  about  one 

mile  south  from  the  town  of  Plattsburgh,  New  York,  about  twenty-five  rods  west  from  Lake 
Champlain  and  ninety  feet  above  the  water  level.  It  is  upon  the  direct  road  from  the  town  of 
Plattsburgh  to  Peru,  New  York.    The  nearest  post-office  is  at  Plattsburgh. 

Quarters. — The  quarters  now  occupied  by  the  soldiers  were  commenced  in  1S3S,  and  were 
originally  designed  to  inclose  a  space  of  six  hundred  feet  square.  Only  a  part  of  the  design  has 
been  carried  out.  The  main  building,  facing  nearly  north,  is  constructed  of  uncut  granite  and 
sand  stone.  It  is  204  feel  long.  25  feet  wide,  and  two  and  a  half  stories  high.  It  is  divided  into 
twelve  rooms.  In  the  eastern  end  four  rooms  on  the  lower  floor  are  set  apart  for  use  as  a  post 
hospital.  There  is  a  fine  two  storied  porch  !U  feet  wide  along  the  front  of  the  main  building  :  also 
convenient  pent-house  at  each  of  the  doors  leading  to  the  rear  of  the  quarters.  The  building  used 
for  officers'  quarters  is  situated  east  from  the  main  building  and  20  feel  from  it.  It  is  constructed 
of  the  same  material  as  the  main  building  :  it  is  102  feet  long.  33  feet  wide,  and  two  and  a  half 
20 


154  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

stories  high  ;  it  contains  twenty-four  rooms  for  the  use  of  officers ;    it  is  at   right-angles  with  the 
main  building.    Their  are  convenient  quarters  for  laundresses  separate  from  the  main  barracks. 

Store-houses. — One  building  used  for  a  store-house  for  quartermaster  and  commissary  stores 
is  constructed  of  wood.  -">1  feet  long  by  57  feel  wide.  The  ordnance  building,  used  in  winter  for  a 
store-house  for  a  battery  of  brass  guns,  is  81  feet  long  by  26  feet  wide. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — The  post  hospital  is  in  the  east  end  of  the  soldiers'  barracks 
and  occupies  four  rooms  on  the  first  floor. 

The  guard-house  is  a  frame  building,  77  feet  long  by  20  feet  wide.  It  is  situated  near  the 
main  entrance  to  the  inclosure  constituting  the  post  proper.  It  is  divided  into  three  rooms  and 
two  close  cells :  the  latter  are  H»  feet  by  4J.  The  front  rooin,  15  by  14  feet,  is  used  as  a  guard- 
room. Adjoining  the  cells  on  the  north  is  a  room,  12  by  14  feet,  used  at  present  as  a  lock-up  for 
prisoners;  opening  from  this  last  room  is  an  apartment,  28  b\  14  feet,  which  is  not  now  in  use. 

The  magazine  is  at  the  southwest  corner  of  the  inclosure;  it  is  a  frame  building,  17  by  13  feet, 
inclosed  by  a  substantial  picket-fence  five  feet  high.  The  adjutant's  office  is  a  frame  building'.  25 
by  30  feet,  situated  near  the  northwest  comer  of  the  inclosure.  The  hake  house  is  a  one- story 
frame  building,  31  by  17  iVi't,  situated  near  the  southeast  corner  of  the  inclosure.  The  post  school 
is  a  one  story  frame  building,  45  by  17  i'vti,  situated  near  the  northeast  corner  of  the  inclosure. 

Stjtply-depots,  &C. — The  nearest  supply-depot  is  New  York  City.  The'routes  are,  in  sum- 
mer, from  New  York  to  Whitehall  by  rail;  thence  by  boat  to  Plattsburgh;  thence  by  quarter- 
master's teams  to  the  post.  In  winter,  when  the  lake  is  closed  by  ice,  all  supplies  come  via  Rouse's 
Point.     The  seasons  of  supply  are  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  quarters  of  the  year. 

SUBSISTENCE. — The  amount  of  subsistence  usually  on  hand  is  sufficient  to  supply  the  garri- 
son, composed  of  one  company. 

FUEL,  FORAGE,  and  water. — Fuel  and  forage  are  furnished  by  contract  and  delivered  at  the 
post  by  the  contractor  in  such  quantities  as  is  most  convenient  for  the  post  quartermaster  to 
receive. 

Water  is  obtained   from  wells — one  near  the  main  building  and  on itside  of  the  northern 

boundary  of  the  inclosure. 

Communication. — The  only  means  of  communication  between  the  post  and  the  nearest  town 
!  Plattsburgh)  is  a  team  of  horses,  the  property  of  the  United  States,  and  in  charge  of  the  post 
quartermaster.     There  are  also  necessary  carts,  wagons.  &c. 

Reservation. — Consists  of  200  acres  of  sandy  laud,  purchased  about  1815  by  the  United 
States  from  private  parties.  The  reservation  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  a  portion  of  the  town  of 
Plattsburgh,  on  the  east  by  Lake  ( lhamplain,  on  the  south  by  private  laud,  and  on  the  west  by  pri- 
vate lands  and  the  Saranae  River.  There  is  a  railroad  running  through  the  reservation  from 
Plattsburgh  to  Eeesville,  New  York. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  reservation  is  situated  on  the  west  bank  of  Lake 
Champlain,  in  the  midst  of  a  verj  fertile  country.  The  country  around  is  cultivated,  grow  mil 
cereals,  nearly  all  garden  vegetables  and  fruits,  except  peaches  and  fruits  that  are  grown  only  iu 
warm  climates.  The  lands  in  the  immediate  boundary  of  the  reservation  are  not  cultivated,  with 
the  exception  of  the  side  toward  Plattsburgh  and  a  portion  of  that  on  the  west. 


FORT  POPHAM,  PARKER'S  HEAD,  MAINE. 

(Established  in  1863.  There  are  two  tiers  of  casemates  almosl  completed,  with  eighteen  guns 
mounted  on  the  first  tier  and  three  only  on  the  second.  When  completed  the  fort  is  intended  to 
garrison  one  company  of  heavy  artillery  or  one  company  of  infantry.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JUNE  21, 1870,  BY  DENNIS  KELLY,  ORDNANCE  SERGEANT,  UNITED   sTA'l  ES  ARMY, 

IX  CHARGE. 

Location. — On  the  west  bank  and  near  the  mouth  of  the  Kennebec  River,  precisely  one  mile 
north  of  Pond  Island  light  house,  which  is   located  at   the  mouth  of  the  Kennebec  River.     Lath, 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS    \\I">  STATIONS.  155 

Maine,  distant  ten  miles,  is  the  nearest  town  of  any  note.  Parkers  Head  is  a  village  of  about 
seventy-five  inhabitants,  located  on  the  west  bank  of  the  river,  and  two  and  a  half  miles  by  water 
(five  miles  by  land)  from  the  fort.  There  is  a  post-office  at  this  last-named  village,  which  is  the 
post-office  address  of  this  station. 

Quarters. — None,  except  an  old  frame  building,  70  l>y  28,  owned  and  used  bj  the  Engineer 
Department. 

Ktore-ih  uses.— None. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — None. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Boston,  Massachusetts,  is  the  uearest  supply-depot  to  this  station. 
The  route  is  by  sea  or  by  railroad  to  Bath,  Maine,  and  thence  by  river  to  the  fort.  Supplies  are 
generally  furnished  during  the  latter  part  of  summer  or  early  in  autumn. 

Subsistence. — No  subsistence  stores  kept  on  hand  :  rations  commuted. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Fuel  is  obtained  by  purchase  at  the  post,  or  at  Bath,  Maine. 
I'M  age  can  be  obtained  in  the  same  manner  when  needed.     Water  is  obtained  in  cisterns. 

Communication. — Private  couveyauces  between  post  and  nearest  town. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  is  2^  acres.    There  has  been  no  improvement  made  on  it 
since  its  purchase  by  the  <  rovernment  in  1860,  other  than  a  temporary  wharf  built  by  the  Engineer 
Department  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  materials  with  which  to  build  the  fort.     <>n  the  west  side 
of  the  fort  are  flats  which  are  to  be  lilled  in,  and  thereby  enlarge  the  ( rovernment  land  for  a  parade 
ground,  &c. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Soil  sandy;  climate  in  winter  extremely  cold;  health  of 
locality  very  good. 


FORT  PREBLE,  PORTLAND,  MA  INK. 

(Established. — Fort  built  in  1808.     North  and  south  batteries  built  in  1st:..    Brick  barracks,  lately 

demolished  in  tiie  old  work,  built  in  1846.) 

information  given  junk  21,  1870,  by  captain  it.  f.  brewerton,  fifth  united  states  artil- 

i.i:i:v.  commanding  post. 

LOCATION. — South  side  of  outer  harbor — south  51°,  east  one  and  a  half  miles  from  Portland 
post-office. 

Quarters. — Officers",  five  sets  of  wooden  buildings;  one  set,  four  rooms,  a  kitchen,  attic,  and 
cellar,  requires  painting,  and  general  repairs;  one  set,  two  rooms,  a  store-room,  kitchen,  attic,  and 
cellar,  requires  painting  outside,  and  slight  repairs  to  roof;  one  building,  two  sets,  each  set  one 
room,  a  kitchen,  attic,  and  cellar,  requires  painting  outside,  and  other  slight  repairs;  one  set,  four 
rooms,  a  kitchen,  attic,  and  cellar,  requires  painting  outside,  and  other  slight  repairs.  Men's. 
two  sets  of  wooden  buildings,  each  set  containing  five  rooms,  used  as  sleeping-rooms 
for  enlisted  men,  and  two  small  rooms  used  as  company  office  and  first  sergeant's  room.  One  set 
not  sufficient  for  a  full  company.  Each  set  has  a  basement  used  as  post  bakery,  blacksmith-shop, 
and  store-house  for  vegetables.  These  buildings  require  painting  outside,  and  repairs  to  roofs, 
floors,  and  ceilings.     These  buildings  are  each  52  by  37A  by  22  feet. 

Storehouses. — Two  buildings,  same  as  men's  quarters,  rooms  of  which  are  used  as  store- 
rooms for  Quartermaster's  and  Commissary  Department,  carpenter-shop,  and  paint  shop;  also,  one 
room  used  as  store-room  for  company  property,  and  one  as  company  bathing-room.  These  build- 
ings require  painting  outside  and  in.  and  repairs  to  roofs,  floors,  and  ceilings.  They  are  each  re 
by  37£  by  22  feet. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c, — The  post  hospital  is  located  near  the  eastern  end  of  the  reser- 
vation line,  facing  northward,  and  closely  adjoining  a  powder  magazine  and  ordnance  shed.  It 
is  a  two-story  wooden  building,  <12  by  -Ml  feet,  and  contains,  beside  attic  and  basement,  the  follow- 
ing-named rooms,  viz:  On  first  floor  two  wards,  each  25.J  by  111  feet  :  office,  15£  by  19  feet  ;  dispen- 
sary, 'J\  by  '.»  feet ;  mess-room,  25  A  by  K'A  feet,  and  three  small  store  rooms,  each  about  9^  by  9  feet, 
all  these  rooms  being  llv:  feet  high.  On  second  floor,  four  wards,  25J  by  19  bj  7|  feet  high;  water- 
closets,  lavatories,  and  bath-rooms  are  attached  in  the  rear  for  each  floor.    The  basement  contains 


156  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

a  ro 25J  by  21  feet,  used  for  laundry  and  kitchen,  and  a  room  adjoining  for  fuel,  cistern,  &c. 

Each  of  the  larger  rooms,  wards.  &c.,  lias  two  windows,  and  smaller  rooms  one  window.  A  hall 
aboul  6  feel  wide  extends  from  front  to  rear  on  both  first  and  second  floors.  The  basement,  three 
wards,  and  mess-room  are  unserviceable  in  consequence  of  the  recenl  lire.  This  building  needs 
painting  outside  and  in,  also  the  late  damages  repaired. 

Guard-bouse,  wooden  building,  is  1.".  by  3J  by  13  feet,  containing  one  guardroom,  two  prison- 

r< is,  five  cells,  and  one  tool-room.     Requires  painting  outside  and  in,  and  general  repairs.    Yen 

tilation  not  good. 

Two  buildings  used  as  laundresses' quarters,  one  wooden  building  occupied  by  the  ordnance 
sergeant  and  family,  has  three  rooms,  one  small  kitchen,  and  an  attic.  » >ne  wooden  building  occu- 
pied by  company  laundresses,  has  two  rooms  and  an  attic,  with  shed  in  rear.  General  repairs  and 
painting  necessary.  One  stable  with  six  stalls  and  loft,  that  will  contain  five  months1  supph  of 
forage  for  six  horses,  has  a  wagon  and  harness  room.  Requires  painting  outside.  One  small 
wooden  building,  has  four  small  rooms  used  as  commanding  officer's  office,  post  adjutant's  office, 
post  quartermaster  and  assistant  commissary  of  subsistence  office,  and  post  library.  Requires 
painting  outside,  and  general  repairs  to  roof. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  supply  depots  of  the  Quartermaster  and  Subsistence  De- 
partments is  New  York  city,  accessible  either  by  rail  or  water. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Subsistence  stores  are  furnished  quarterly  for  one  company  and  supplies  to 
post.     Three  months  supply  usually  kept  on  hand. 

FUEL,  FORAGE,  AND  WATER. — The  fuel  furnished  is  good,  purchased  under  written  contract. 
The  forage  is  good,  and  purchased  at  Portland,  Maine.  Water  is  obtained  from  wells  and  springs, 
quality  quite  good.  The  main  supply  of  this  post  is  furnished  by  a  deep  well  in  the  parade  ground. 
which  fails,  however,  in  August. 

Communication. — Portland  is  the  nearest  city  ;  communication  is  had  either  by  laud  or  water. 
There  is  one  two-horse  express  wagon  and  two  row-boats  at  this  post.  In  winter,  or  in  very  stormy 
weather  the  boats  cannot  be  used.  The  wagon  placed  on  runners  is.  in  winter,  the  only  means  of 
communication. 

Reservation. — Extent  of  land  reserved,  !>A  acres,  measuring  to  high-water  mark. 

Description  of  country,  &C. — The  surrounding  country  is  generally  uneven  and  rocky. 
the  reservation  being  situated  on  a  rocky  point  of  land  projecting  northward  from  the  southern 
shore  of  Portland  harbor.  The  soil  is  generally  thin  and  gravelly,  and  is  devoted  to  small  farm- 
in-',  grazing,  gardening,  &c.  The  natural  drainage  of  the  locality  is  good,  the  surface  water  readily 
(inding  its  way  to  the  harbor. 

The  climate  is  that  generally  characteristic  of  the  New  England  coast,  the  mean  temperature 
of  each  mouth  during  the  past  year  being  as  follows,  viz:  L869,  dune  60°.91,  duly  63°.35,  August 
63  .83,  September  58°71,  October  45  .50,  November  34°50,  December  '.'7  ;  1870,  January  24  .50, 
February  20  .50,  March  27°,  April   1  1   .50,  .May  59°. 

The  health  of  the  locality  and  of  the  post  is  generally  very  good,  there  being  no  diseases 
prevalent  at  anytime,  excepting  those  incident  to  the  season,  such  as,  for  example,  a  predominance 
of  catarrhal  affections  during  the  winter  months. 


POST  OF  RALEIGH,  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

(Established  April   L2,  1865,  by  Sherman's    forces,     li  was  previously  used  by  the  confederate 

;jo\  eminent  as  a  hospital.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN    SEPTEMBER  11.   1370,  BY  CAPTAIN   1.'.  T.  FRANK,  EIGHTH    INFANTRY,  COMMAND- 
ING POST. 

Location.— Due  east  from  the  city  of  Raleigh,  just  beyond  the  citj  limits;  longitude  78c  -IT : 

latitude  35°    17':  elevation,  above  tide-level  .",17    feet.     The  location    is   pleasant    and  extremely 
healthful,  and  adorned  by  shade  trees  of  large  growth.      Tost  office,  Raleigb,  North  Carolina. 


D1SCEIPTI0NS  OF  M1LITAEY  POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  i.>7 

Quarters. — Men's  quarters  consist  of  five  barrack  buildings,  each  !J0  by  26  feet ;  they  are  of  a 
temporary  character,  built  of  wood,  with  shingle  roofs  and  ridge- ventilation  windows  on  either  side 
and  end;  they  are  unceiled  and  without  ponlies.su  essential  to  the  comfort  of  troops  in  this 
vicinity;  mess-rooms  and  kitchens  partitioned  off  the  end  of  each.  Officers' quarters  consist  of 
four  buildings,  one  90  by  20  feet,  four  rooms;  one  80  by  20,  four  rooms;  one  IS  by  26,  two  rooms: 
and  one  70  by  26,  two  rooms;  all  one-story  frame  houses,  built  of  inferior  pine  lumber  without 
regard  to  style,  architecture,  comfort,  or  convenience.  Some  of  them  are  without  yards,  suitable 
kitchens,  or  out-houses  of  anj  kind.     <  >nly  one  is  ceiled  with  plaster,  the  others  with  boards.    They 

are  not  of  a  character  suitable  for  assignment  to  officers,  and  are  insufficient   in  capacity  for  i 

than  the  otlicers  of  two  companies.     They  are  all  considerably  out  of  repair. 

Store-houses. — The  building  originally  intended  as  store-house  is  1-1  by  31  feet,  is  divided 
into  three  apartments,  and  is  built  of  wood,  with  shingle  roof.  It  is  of  the  same  temporary  character 
as  the  other  buildings,  and  is  somewhat  out  of  repair.  The  capacity  of  the  store-rooms  is  sufficient 
for  the  garrison  ordinarily  stationed  here,  hut  inadequate  to  the  wants  of  a  garrison  of  live  com- 
panies. At  present  two  of  the  barr  ick  buildings  are  used  for  this  purpose,  but  should  the  present 
garrison  (two  companies)  he  maintained  here,  the  approach  of  winter  will  necessitate  a  change. 

Hospital,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &c. — Hospital  consists  of  a  building  80  by  20  feet,  with  a.  small 
kitchen  detached.  It  is  a  frame  building,  one  story,  with  ridge  ventilation  and  windows  on  either 
side.     It  is  in  fair  repair,  and  well  adapted  to  the  wants  of  a  temporary  post. 

Post  headquarters,  company  store-rooms,  &c. — The  building  is  60  by  20  feet,  divided 
into  four  apartments,  two  of  which  are  used  as  post  headquarters  and  two  as  company  store-rooms. 
It  is  a  woodeu  building  like  the  others. 

(ii'ARD-norsE  is  a  one  story  frame  building,  36  by  13  feet,  divided  into  two  apartments,  in  one 
of  which  two  cells  are  partitioned  oil'.  It  is  insufficient  in  capacity,  somewhat  out  of  repair,  and 
illy  suited  to  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  designed  ;  but  is  made  to  answer  indifferently  well. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — New  York  is  the  depot  of  supply  for  the  Quartermaster,  Commissary, 
and  Medical  Departments.  Stores  are  received  via  Norfolk,  Virginia,  and  three  months"  supply 
usually  kept  on  hand. 

SunsiSTENCE. — Usually  of  an  excellent  quality  and  received  in  good  condition.  In  the  article 
of  pork  it  has  been  observed  for  some  time  past  that  the  barrels  fall  short  in  quantity  uniformly 
from  eight  to  ten  pounds  per  barrel. 

PVEL,  FORAGE,  Ami  WATER. — Fuel  can  be  purchased  in  any  quantity,  and  of  good  quality, 
at  reasonable  rates.  Forage  is  received  from  Xew  York,  but  could  be  had  in  abundance  in  this 
market,  it  is  believed,  at  low  rates.  Water  is  supplied  from  a  well  inside  the  reservation — of  most 
excellent  quality,  with  slight  excess  of  lime. 

COMMUNICATION. — By  rail  and  telegraph  with  all  sections  of  country. 

Preservation. — Consists  of  about  six  acres,  in  the  form  of  a  parallelogram  ;  it  belongs  to  the 
State  of  Forth  Carolina.  It  was  used  for  military  purposes  by  the  confederate  government  when 
captured,  and  has  since  been  occupied  by  the  United  States  Government  for  military  purposes— it 
never  having  been  restored.     It  ij  pleasantly  and  healthfully  located. 

Description  of  COUNTRY,  &C. — The  country  is  rolling,  mostly  of  granite  formation,  and 
free  from  marshes.  The  soil  is  a  red  clay  with  a  mixture  of  sand,  generally  fertile  and  productive 
under  moderate  cultivation.  Corn,  oats,  cotton,  and  tobacco  are  the  great  staples.  Potatoes,  beans, 
garden  vegetables,  and  almost  every  variety  of  fruit  grow  in  great  abundance  in  this  climate  and 
soil.     The  timber  is  mostly  oak  and  pine  of  large  growth. 

Little  attention  has  been  given  to  the  cultivation  of  grasses  in  this  section,  though  a  number  of 
fields  of  fine  clover  (the  result  of  recent  enterprise)  may  be  seen  in  this  vicinity.  Water  is 
abundant  and  of  excellent  quality.  The  climate,  both  summer  and  winter,  is  pleasant  and  health- 
ful, of  equable  temperature,  and  live  from  malarial  or  epidemic  diseases. 


158  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

ROME  ARSENAL,  ROME,  NEW  YOKE. 

This  arsenal  is  about,  being  abandoned  and  sold. 


FORT  SANDY  HOOK,    NEW  YOKE  HARBOR. 

(Established  April,  1863.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   JUNE   25,    1870,   By  WILLIAM    FOSTER,   ORDNANCE   SERGEANT,    UNITED   STATES 

ARMY,  IN  CHARGE  OF  FORT. 

Location. — North  end  of  Sandy  Hook,  State  of  New  Jersey.  New  York  post  office  easiest  of 
access  ;  distant  about  eighteen  miles. 

Quarters. — Officers',  none;  men's,  one  two-story  frame  building,  lt>  by  L6,  used  as  quarters 
by  the  ordnance  sergeant;  in  bad  condition. 

Store-houses. — One  two  story  frame  building,  50  by  21,  old,  in  tolerable  condition  ;  used  for 
ordnance  stores. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  in  New  York 
City. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Fuel  and  forage  procured  from  New  York  when  required. 
Water  obtained  by  pumps  at  any  place  wanted. 

Communication. — By  water  in  summer  season  ;  .seldom  accessible  during  the  winter  months 
on  account  of  the  ice. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  soil  is  an  accumulation  of  sand,  partially  grown  over 
with  coarse  grass  and  shrubs,  together  with  cedar  timber  of  good  growth.  Average  temperature 
not  known  ;  health  of  locality,  {rood. 


Note. — The  post  next  in  order  in  the  Department  of  the  East  is    Fort    Scarumel,  Portland, 
Elaine.     As  extensive  modifications  are  about   to   be  commenced  in  these  works,  a  description  of 

present  condition  is  deemed  unnecessary. 


FORT  SCHUYLER,  NEW  YORK  HARBOR, 

(Established. — Date  not  known.     Land  supposed  to  have  been  .purchased  from  Abi.jah  Hammond, 

inl824.     Surveyed  in  1823.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JUNE  28,  1870,  BY  SURGEON  C  C  GREY,   UNITED  STATES   ARMY;  LIEUTENANT   1). 
M.  TAYLOR,  ACTING    ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  AND  ACTING  ASSISTANT  COMMISSARY  OF  SUBSIST 
ANCE;  AND  BREVET  BRIGADIER  GENERAL  .7.  II.  HASKIN,  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  FIRST  UNITED  ST  A  I  I 
ARTILLERY.  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location. — Throw's  Neck,  on  Fast  Fixer,  nearly  northeast,  and  thirteen  miles  in  direct  line 
from  City  Hall,  New  York  City.     Post-office,  West  Chester;  distance  about  four  miles. 

Quarters. — Twenty  rooms  as  officers'  quarters,  in  casemate,  stone,  between  1  U  by  ISA  and 
HU  by  1 7A  feet,  painted  ;  condition  good.  One  room  17.]  by  L8  feet,  as  library;  condition  good. 
Commanding  officer's  office  in  casemate,  condition  -nod:  eight  rooms  as  enlisted  men's  quarters, 
1 7 A  by  L8  feet,  casemates,  painted,  condition  good.  But  these  rooms,  as  also  the  officers'  quar- 
ters, in  casemates,  are  nearly  always  very  damp.  Post  surgeon  and  one  other  officer  occupy  rooms 
in  an  old  building,  formerly  a  part  of  the  McDougal  general   hospital.      Pour   small   rooms  as  otli 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITAEY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  159 

eers'  quarters  in  brick  building  outside  of  fort  ;  officers'  mess  and  kitchen  in  frame  addition  ;  cook- 
houses and  mess-halls  for  men  are  frame  buildings,  three  in  number,  outside  of  fort.  Respective 
dimensions,  1,368,  2,004,  and  1,368  square  feet. 

Store-douses. — One  building'  used  for  quartermaster  and  commissary  store-house,  frame, 
two  stories,  2,437A  square,  feet  capacity  on  each  floor;  other  store-rooms  in  very  damp  casemates: 
ordnance  store-rooms  in  casemates. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — L'ost  hospital,  one  building,  frame,  painted,  condition  fair; 
7,430  s*quare  feet.  Guard  and  prison  rooms,  south  gallery,  (cover  face,)  1,34(4  square  feet,  condi- 
tion very  damp;  stable  and  harness-room,  1,3.57  square  feet,  condition  fair,  frame  ;  built  from  old 
materials.  The  other  public,  buildings  are  frame  ones,  used  for  the  following  purposes,  and  of  tin- 
capacity  set  opposite:  ordnance  sergeant's  house,  482  square  feet;  laundresses'  quarters,  3,036 
square  feet;  post  bakery,  750  square  feet;  blacksmith-shop,  231  square  feet;  post  chapel,  720 
square  feet;  forage-house,  285  square  feet;  and  carpenter-shop,  400  square  feet;  all  in  fair 
condition. 

Supply-depots,  &o. — Nearest  quartermaster's  and  subsistence  depot.  New  York  City,  seven- 
teen miles  distant ;  route,  East  River;  supplied  quarterly. 

Subsistence. — Three  months'  supply  kept  on  hand. 

Fuel,  Forage,  and  water. — Amount  of  fuel  and  forage  supplied  from  three  to  six  months. 
The  water  is  hard,  but  good  and  healthful.  That  tor  drinking  and  culinary  uses  is  obtained  from 
wells,  and  distributed  by  a  tank-wagon  to  the  garrison  :  and  from  rain-water  cisterns  lor  washing. 
When  these  latter  are  exhausted,  well  water,  treated  with  a  soda  salt,  is  substituted. 

Communication. — A  road  to  West  Chester;  the  right  of  way  to  a  country  road,  said  to  have 
been  granted  in  the  deed  of  this  land  or  post ;  no  public  conveyance  to  Wrest  Chester.  A  steamer 
lauds  at  Baylis  dock,  (just  outside  the,  limits,)  between  8  and  9  a.m.  daily,  (except  Sunday,)  for  New 
York  ;  returning,  leaves  the  city  at  3  or  4  p.  m.  From  Whitestone,  and  three-quarters  of  a  mile 
across  the  East  River,  there  is  a  railroad  making  several  trips  daily. 

Reservation. — About  fifty-two  acres. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  country  about  is  slightly  rolling,  the  soil  not  a  rich  one, 
(sand  predominating,)  but  highly  cultivated.  Most  of  the  cereals  may  be  seen  growing  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  fort.  The  land  being  for  the  most  part  in  the  hands  of  wealthy  men,  the  timber  has 
been  spared,  and  fine  groves  abound.  All  the  common  deciduous  trees,  indigenous  to  this  part  of 
the.  United  States,  may  be  observed.  The  common  grasses  are  also  nearly  all  represented.  Judg- 
ing from  the  appearance  of  the  red  clover  the  local  conditions  are  not  favorable  to  its  growth. 

The  average  temperature  of  the  post  during  the  past  year  was  53°  F. ;  the  average  tempera- 
ture of  the  coldest  month  (February)  was  27°.r>6;  that  of  the  warmest  (June)  74°.  The  records 
of  the  post  are  incomplete  as  regards  humidity,  prevailing  winds,  barometric  oscillation,  &c. 

The  trifling  character  of  the  affections  originating  here,  (as  shown  by  the  sick  report,  and  the 
tact  that  no  death  has  occurred  among  the  troops  constituting  the  garrison  tor  more  than  three 
years,)  and  the  notable  exemption  from  cholera  during  the  epidemic  years  of  L866,  1867,  &c,  seem 
a  sufficient  guarantee  of  the  general  salubrity  ^i'  the  locality. 


SCHUYLKILL  ARSENAL,  CLOTHING  DEPOT,  PHILADELPHIA, 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

(Established  about   the  year  1S00.     A  marble  slat)  in  one  of  tin'  storehouses   hears  the  following 

inscription  :  •-  U.  S.  Laboratory,  A.  D.  1800.") 

INFORMATION   GIVEN   OCTOBER   21,  1870,  BY   CAPTAIN   V.  VAN   ANTWERP,  MILITARY    STORE-KEEPER 

UNITED  STATES  ARMY,  IX  CHARGE  OF  ARSENAL. 

Location. — At  the  intersection  of  Gray's  Ferry  Road  and  Washington  avenue,  in  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  extending  back  to  the  river  Schuylkill,  from  which  the  depot  fakes  its  name. 


160  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITAEY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Quarters. — At  the  northeast  extremity  of  the  grounds,  ;i  two-storj  brick  building,  contain 
ing  basement,  four  large  chambers  and  attic,  is  the  quarters  <>f  officers.     This  building,  erected 
over  fifty  years  ago,  is,  save  the  roof  and  floors,  still  in  good  condition.     Immediately  opposite,  at 
the  southeast  extremity,  is  a  building  of  the  same  character  and  in  about  the  same  condition. 

Store-houses. — There  are  live  brick  store  houses,  known  as  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4,  and  the  new 
storehouse,  of  the  following  dimensions,  viz :  Nos.  1  and  3,  173  by  40  feet ;  No.  2,  151  by  35  feet ; 
No.  4,  151  by  37  feet;  uew  store-house,  forming  three  sides  of  a  hollow  square,  200  feet  9  inches  in 
length  and  150  feet  in  width.  The  open  area  between  the  two  side  buildings  is  163  by  77  feet. 
Another  brick  and  stone  building  known  as  the  magazine,  the  upper  story  of  which  is  used  as  a 
work-room,  is  70  feet  square. 

The  above  are  all  the  buildings  inside  the  walls  used  for  the  storage  of  property,  and  contain 
clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage.  Outside  the  walls,  but  connected  by  an  entrance,  is  a  row 
of  wooden  sheds,  1,105  by  43  feet ;  these  sheds  are  used  for  the  storage  of  knapsacks  and  quarter- 
master's stores. 

Immediately  back  of  building  No.  1  is  a  shed  from  which  supplies  are  shipped  on  the  Balti- 
more Railroad  to  points  south.  Back  of  No.  2  building,  and  joining  it,  is  a  wooden  shed,  150  by 
16  feet,  used  for  the  storage  of  tents.  There  are  two  other  frame  buildings,  containing  about  six 
rooms  each,  occupied  by  employes  whose  duties  require  their  presence  at  all  times. 

The  stable  (frame)  is  iu  good  condition,  and  will  accommodate  fifteen  horses. 

In  tin'  western  extremity  of  the  grounds  is  a  large  wooden  building,  107  by  51  feet,  the  upper 
portion  of  which  is  used  for  the  storage  of  light  articles,  such  as  drums,  hats,  and  caps :  the  lower 
or  ground  floor  for  work-rooms. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — The  depot  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  city  water-works. 
In  case  of  fire  the  river  in  the  rear  affords  an  ample  supply.  There  is  also  a  large  cistern,  over 
which  is  erected  a  stationary  engine  commanding  buildings  1.  2,  3,  ami  1. 

Communication. — The  Baltimore  Railroad  on  the  south  and  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  on 
the  north  afford  every  facility  for  shipments  to  all  points  south  and  west,  while  the  distances  to 
other  depots  is  comparatively  small,  and  can  be  reached  in  a  half  hour.  A  branch  of  the  Balti- 
more and  Pennsylvania  Railroads,  inside  the  walls  in  the  former  case  and  immediately  adjoining 
in  the  latter,  enables  the  supplies  to  be  loaded  in  cars  at  the  depot,  saving  the  expense  of  cartage. 
A  more  advantageous  site  for  a  depot  could  not  have  been  selected. 


[•(tin1  SEWALL,  MARBLEHEAD,  MASSACHUSETTS, 

(Established,  it  is  believed,  in  1812;  perhaps  earlier.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JUNE  S3,   1870,  BY  PATRICK  McDONALD,  ORDNANCE   SERGEANT,  UNITED  STATES 

ARMY,  IN  CHARGE. 

Location. — Marblehead,  Massachusetts,  adjoining  the  town.     Post-office  is  about  half  a  mile 
from  the  fort. 

Quarters. — There  are  no  officers' quarters,  but  there  are  three  casemated  rooms,  51  feet  in 

length,  33  in  breadth,  and  8  feet  high.  There  is  also  a  bomb  proof,  98  feet  long,  L2  feel  wide,  and 
7J  feet  high.  About  12  yards  outside  the  gate  there  is  a  wooden  barracks,  constructed  of  poor 
material,  and  unfit  for  occupation';  il  is  :>7  feet  long,  25  feet  wide,  and  1 1  feet  high.  It  was  blown 
down  on  the  8th  of  September,  I860,  and  has  not  vet  been  adjusted. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Marblehead,  Massachusetts. 
Subsistence.— Commutation. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water.— Fuel  purchased  in  Marblehead.     Forage  not  required.     Water 
good,  ami  in  casemates. 

Communication.  — By  rail  and  water. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  161 

Reservation. — Something  over  half  an  acre. 

Description  of  country,  &C. — The  fort  is  surrounded  ou  the  north,  south,  and  east  bj 
water;  on  the  west  there  is  a  good  road  connecting  the  fort  with  the  town.     The  country  is  rocky 

and  uneven;  where  there  is  soil  it  is  good.     No  timber;  grass  \ r.     The  climate  is  considered 

very  healthy;  average  summer  heat,  72°;  average  winter  heat,  34  . 


SPRINGFIELD  ARMORY,  SPRINGFIELD,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

(Established  by  act  of  Congress,  A.  I).  1794.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    JUNE  20,   1870,   BY  BEEVET   COLONEL  J.  G.  BENTON,  MAJOR    OF   ORDNANCE,  IN 

CHARGE 

Location. — City  of  Springfield,  State  of  Massachusetts. 

Quarters. — Commanding  officer's,  one  two-story  brick,  thirteen  rooms,  in  good  condition. 
Officers',  double  quarters,  two-story  brick,  ten  rooms  each.  new.  Ordnance  store-keeper  and  pay- 
master, one  two-story  brick,  seventeen  rooms,  iu  good  condition.  Master  armorer,  one  two-Story 
brick,  eleven  rooms,  in  good  condition.  Clerks',  four  two  story  bricks,  eleven  rooms  each,  good 
condition.     Foreman  and  laborers',  one  one-story,  wooden,  nine  rooms,  good  condition. 

Store-houses. — One  two-story  brick,  704  by  55,  used  for  storing  lumber,  rough  stocks,  and 
material  required  in  the  manufactures  of  the  post :  150  feet  of  the  east  end  of  this  building  is  used 
as  a  stable,  with  stalls  for  twenty-four  horses.  New  arsenal,  three  story  brick,  104  by  08  feet,  used 
for  storing  finished  arms  in  racks;  capacity  300,000  muskets.  East  and  west  store  house,  two  two- 
story  brick,  120  by  34  feet  each,  general  stores,  ordnance,  and  ordnance  stores.  The  other  build- 
ings at  the  armory  comprise  the  workshops,  a  part  of  which  are  located  near  the  store  houses 
and  arsenal,  and  the  remainder  (called  water-shops)  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  to  the  south. 
All  the  buildings  are  within  the  city  limits. 

Communication.— By  rail  with  all  parts  of  the  country. 

Reservation. — Between  two  and  three  hundred  acres. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Mean  temperature  for  18G9,  17  . 


FORT  STANDISH,  PLYMOUTH,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

(Established  in  1863.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    JUNE    27,    1870,    BY    MARTIN    KEEFE,    ORDNANCE   SERGEANT,    UNITED    STATES 

ARMY,  IN  CHARGE. 

Location. — Tour  miles  from  Plymouth  by  water  and  twenty -four  miles  by  land.     Nearest 
post-office,  Plymouth,  Massachusetts. 

Quarters. — One  wooden  building  barracks,  requiring  repairs.    The  barracks  will  contain  one 
hundred  men.     The  officers'  quarters  are  built  of  wood,  containing  six  rooms,  in  good  condition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — One  hospital,  requiring  repairs.    One  guard-house,  requiring 
repairs:  both  built  of  wood. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Fort  Independence,  Boston  Harbor,  .Massachusetts. 

Subsistence. — Commutation  of  rations  from  Fort  Independence,  Massachusetts. 

Fuel,  forage,  and    water.— Fuel  supplied  from   Plymouth.  Massachusetts.     Water  sup- 
plied by  a  well  at  the  post. 

Reservation. — Two  acres. 

Description  of  country,  &C — Nearly  all  sea-coast  land:    is  not   good— verj    sandy.     No 
timber  near  the  post  ;  grass  good:  climate  very  healthy. 
21 


102  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AXI>  STATIONS. 

FORT  SULLIVAN,   EASTPORT,  MAINE. 

(Established,  date  unknown.     Was  occupied  and  captured  by  British  navy  in  Isil-;   restored  to 

the  United  States  in  1818.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    JUNE    24,    1870,    BY    MAJOR    GEORGE    P.    ANDREWS,    FIFTH     UNITED     STATES 

ARTILLERY,  COMMANDING    POST. 

Location. — Between  Adams  street,  (north,)  Sullivan  street,  (south,)  Water  street,  (east.)  and 
High  street,  (west,)  Eastport,  Maine. 

Quarters. — Officers'  quarters,  one  ground  floor  cottage,  built  in  1813,  now  in  a  general  state 
of  decay  and  unfit  for  a  dwelling.  It  is  38  feel  front  by  20  feet  width,  -with  two  sheds  attached  to 
rear;  it  amounts,  by  liberal  construction,  to  the  quarters  of  a  captain  ;  material,  wood  ;  is  occupied 
as  quarters.  One  wooden  house,  L32  by  21  feet,  used  by  officers  of  the  post.  This  house  is  very 
old  and  rotten,  but  the  roof  is  not  leaky,  and  may  last  two  or  three  years  if  repairs  are  made 
regularly. 

Two  buildings  of  wood  are  occupied  as  laundresses"  and  ordnance  sergeant's  quarters.  One  is 
68  by  35  feet,  the  other  3.3  by  20  feet ;  both  are  good  houses  and  will  last  a  long  time.  The  wooden 
barrack  of  the  soldier  is  91  by  30  feet ;  it  is  in  good  condition  and  quarters  one  company.  The 
mess-house  and  kitchen  is  50  by  20  feet;  in  good  order. 

Store-iiousls. — One  old  blockhouse,  built  of  wood,  30  by  30  feet;  was  built  by  the  British. 
It  is  still  good  for  storing  ordnance  stores,  carpenter's  workroom,  coal-house,  and  as  a  receptacle 
for  odds  and  ends.  One  wooden  house,  51)  by  20  feet,  is  used  as  a  quartermaster  and  subsistence 
store,  and  is  in  good  condition. 

Hospital,  guard-hoi  se,  &c. — The  hospital  is  a  wooden  building,  50  by  30,  one  story  and 
basement;  it  is  in  good  condition  and  large  enough  for  all  probable  wants.  The  guard-house,  of 
wood,  is  30  by  25  feet ;  condition  good.  The  bake-house,  of  wood,  is  25  by  Hi  feel  ;  condition  good. 
The  stable,  of  wood,  one  and  a  half  stories,  is  50  by  22  feet,  and  in  good  condition.  The  old  stable, 
18  by  18  feet,  of  wood,  is  decayed  and  worthless.  The  old  magazine,  of  stone,  14  by  18  feet,  is 
unsafe,  and  not  used  for  more  than  two  barrels  of  powder.  The  engine-house,  20  by  14  feet,  of 
wood,  is  decayed  but  serviceable.  The  commanding  officer's  office  and  library  building  is  of  wood, 
one  and  a  half  stories,  28  by  20  feet,  built  three  years  ago;  it  is  leaky,  rickety,  and  very  badly 
built. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  post  is  supplied  by  a  line  of  steamers  from  Boston,  Massachusetts. 
Quartermaster's  supplies  are  obtained,  when  approved,  by  requisitions  on  chief  quartermaster 
fourth  district,  Department  of  the  East,  whose  office  is  in  No.  1'  Bulfinch  street,  Boston. 

Subsistence. — Stores  are  obtained  by  requisitions  through  the  chief  commissary  Depart- 
ment of  the  East,  New  York  City.     They  are.  either  sent  here  or  purchased  after  advertising. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Fuel  and  forage  are  obtained  in  Eastport  by  contract;  water 
by  two  wells  in  the  post. 

Communication. — steamers  to  Portland  and  Calais,  Maine,  and  St.  John,  New  Brunswick  : 
schooners  to  New  York,  Boston,  aud  many  other  ports;  stages  to  Calais  and  Machras,  Maine  ; 
telegraph  to  Calais  and  Boston. 

Reservation. — Eight  acres,  more  or  less. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  COUNTRY,  &C. — This  post  and  town  are  on  .Moore  Island,  I'assamaquoddy 
I'.ay.  The  land  is  rolling;  low  hills;  soil  moderately  good;  rock  granite;  timber,  spruce  and 
pine,  all  small;  productions,  hay  and  potatoes.  The  island  is  four  miles  long  from  east  to  west. 
connecting  with  mainland  by  a  bridge  at  the  west.  The  town  has  some  live  thousand  inhabitants. 
The  principal  interest  is  fishing.  The  harbor  is  line.  No  vessel  can  enter  it  without  crossing  the 
boundary  line  between  the  Dominion  of  Canada  and  the  United  States. 

The  climate  is  mild  in  summer  but  severe  in  winter.  Average  summer  temperature,  about  G4° 
F.;  average  temperature  in  December,  January,  and  February,  about  20°  F.  The  post  and 
town  are.  in  the  estimation  of  the  commanding  officer,  Major  Andrews,  unhealthy,  lie  formed  his 
opinion  from  noting  that  during  the  last  year  more  of  the  inhabitants  of  Eastport  died  than  the 
whole  number  of  deaths  in  Key  West,  Florida,  during  the  year  1867,  which  included  a  season  of 
yellow  fever.     There  were,  however,  no  deaths  in  the  garrison. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATION-.  163 


FORT  TRUMBULL,  NEW  LONDON  HARBOR,  CONNECTICUT. 

(Established  originally  in  1777.  In  1S12  the  work  was  remodeled.  This  stood  until  1839,  when 
it  was  demolished  to  make  way  for  the  present  work,  which  was  begun  in  that  year  and  com- 
pleted in  1810.) 

INFORMATION  GIVES  JUNE  29,  1870,  BY  BKEVET  COLONEL  F.  1..  GI  ENTHEK,  CAPTAIN,  FIFTH  UNITED 

STATES  A.ETILLERY,  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location.— The  fori  is  situated  on  a  poiut  of  land  on  the  west  side  of  the  Thames  River,  and 
seven-eighths  of  a  mile  directly  south  of  the  city  of  New  London,  Connecticut.  Nearest  post- 
office,  New  London,  Connecticut. 

Quarters. — The  officers'  quarters  are  exterior  to  the  fort,  and  consist  of  one  stone  building, 
containing  two  stories  of  assignable  quarters,  together  with  basement  and  attic,  the  kitchens  being 
in  the   basement.     There  are  practically  four  separate    houses,  each  containing  four  assignable 

rooms,  and  having  (each  house)  a  total  of  1,15G  superficial  feet  floor  surface.    They  are  in  g I 

condition. 

The  quarters  for  enlisted  men  are  also  exterior  to  the  fort,  and  consist  of  one  stone  building,  to 
which  au  equal  addition  of  wood  was  made  during  the  late  war.  These  are  in  good  condition,  and 
contain  5,250  superficial  feet  floor  surface:  company  kitchens  are  in  basement.  There  are  also 
four  small  cottages  exterior  to  the  fort,  18  by  24,  having  each  four  rooms  and  800  superficial  feet 
floor  surface,  and  are  intended  for  ordnance  sergeant,  hospital  steward,  and  company  laundresses. 
In  addition  to  these  there  are  eight  casemates  in  the  fort  finished  for  quarters  for  officers  or  men. 

Store-houses. — There  is  one  wooden  building  used  for  quartermaster  and  commissary  stores. 
and  office  of  post  quartermaster  and  assistant  commissary  of  subsistence.  It  is  24  by  00,  with  an 
available  basement  under  one-half  of  it,  and  contains  3,100  superficial  feet  floor  surface ;  it  is  in 
good  condition.  There  is  one  brick  building,  16  by  30,  having  600  superficial  feet  flooring,  and  in 
good  condition  ;  used  for  storage  of  ordnance  stores.  There  is  one  wooden  building,  also  used  for 
ordnance  stores.  20  by  50,  having  975  superficial  feet  flooring.     This  is  in  poor  condition. 

Hospital,  uuakd-hoise,  &C. — The  original  hospital  built  for  the  post  is  of  stone,  25  by  64, 
containing  1,550  superficial  feet  floor  surface,  of  dispensary  and  ward.  The  kitchen  and  store- 
rooms are  in  the  basement,  and  contain  an  equal  amount  of  floor  surface.     During  the  late  war  a 

wing  of  wood  was  added,  containing  2,100  superficial  feet   floor  surface.     The  whole  is  in  g I 

condition. 

The  guard-house  is  of  brick,  16  by  3D,  with  COO  superficial  feet  floor  surface,  and  is  in   g 1 

condition.  There  is  also  an  old  wooden  building,  in  poor  condition,  used  as  carpenter,  blacksmith, 
and  paint  shop;  it  is  20  by  'ill. 

Supply-depots,  &C. — New  York  City.  Route  of  supply,  New  York  and  New  London  steam- 
ers, via  Long  Island  Sound,  during  the  entire  year. 

Subsistence. — Amount  of  subsistence  stores  usually  kept  on  hand  is  six  months'  supply. 

Fuel,  fokage,  and  water. — Fuel  and  forage  are  obtained  by  post  quartermaster  by  con- 
tract.    Water  is  obtained  from  wells  and  cisterns  at  the  post. 

Communication. — Means  of  communication  between  post  and  city  of  ~Sf\v  London  is  by 
wagon-road  and  barge. 

Reservation. — The  extent  of  the  land  appertaining  to  Fort  Trumbull,  belonging  to  the 
United  States,  is  13i  acre.-. 

DESCRIPTION  of  COUNTRY,  &C. — Fort  Trumbull  is  located  near  the  mouth  of  the  Thames 
River,  a  navigable  stream  some  fifteen  miles  in  length,  with  a  railroad  on  either  bank.  At  the 
head  of  navigation  is  the  city  of  Norwich,  an  enterprising  town  largely  engaged  in  iron  and  other 
manufactures.  The  Thames  is  the  natural  commercial  outlet  of  a  hack  country  filled  with  cotton, 
woolen,  and  paper  mills,  and  rich  in  fine  farms  that  contribute  all  kinds  of  produce  to  the  .ureal 
markets.  The  city  of  New  Loudon  is  a  town  of  considerable  thrift  and  wealth,  and  the  country 
immediately  surrounding  the  post  is  thickly  settled,  with  excellent  farming  and  grazing  lands  and 


164  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AM)  .STATIONS. 

well  timbered  ami  watered  country  in  rear.  The  land  is  generally  hilly  and  interspersed  with 
rocky  ledges,  many  of  which  furnish  excellent  stone,  chiefly  either  pure  or  bastard  granite,  and 
suitable  for  building  aud  other  purposes.  The  appearance  of  the  surrounding'  country  indicates 
considerable  wealth,  prosperity,  and  industry  among  its  people. 

The  climate  is  salubrious;  the  winters  comparatively  mild  ;  the  .summers  not  exceedingly  hot; 
the  atmosphere,  especially  in  summer,  quite  humid  ;  the  locality  healthy.  Average  range  of  ther- 
mometer during  a  year,  47°. 


FORT  WADSWORTH,  NEW  YORK  HARBOR. 

(Established. — Actual  date  unknown  ;  was  used  as  a  military  station  prior  to  the  war  of  L812. 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JUNE  25,    1870,  i;t    BREVET  MAJOR    GENERAL  JOHN   M.   BRANNAN,   MAJOR   FIRST 

UNITED  STATES  ARTILLERY,  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location.— In  the  ninth  ward  of  the  village  of  Edgewater,  Richmond  County.  Staten  Island, 
New  York,  ten  miles  from  New  York  City.     Post-office  at  Stapleton,  two  miles  from  the  post. 

QUARTERS. — New  and  convenient  quarters  for  officers  are  now  being  provided  :  a  portion  are 
already  finished  and  occupied,  while  others  are  about  to  be  commenced.  The  officers'  quarters  are 
frame  buildings,  as  are  also  the  old  ones.  When  all  the  former  are  completed  they  will  provide  for 
one  Held  officer,  one  surgeon,  one  captain,  and  four  subalterns.  The  soldiers  are  quartered  in  the 
lower  tier  of  casemates,  in  the  south  flank  of  Fort  Tompkins.  These  form  excellent  quarters  for 
the  troops,  being  of  large  size  and  convenient  to  each  other. 

STORE-HOUSES. — There,  are  no  regular  store  houses  at  the  post :  the  lower  tier  of  casemates  of 
the  north  flank  of  Fort  Tompkins  are  used  as  such.  Capacity  ample,  and  condition  good,  except 
that  their  excessive  dampness  is  liable  to  injure  the.  stores. 

Hospital,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &c. — Hospital,  a  frame  building,  is  new  and  commodious,  and  has  a 
capacity  for  twelve  beds.  One  of  the  casemates  at  Fort  Tompkins  is  used  as  a  guardhouse,  and 
the  one  immediately  adjoining  it  serves  as  a  prison-room.  There  are  several  frame  buildings  at 
the  post,  -which  are  used  for  stables,  storage  of  forage,  lumber,  carriage  house,  &c.  There  are 
also  some  small  frame  buildings  which  are  occupied  by  laundresses,  affording  them  vers  satisfac- 
tory quarters. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  New  York  City.  Stores 
and  supplies  are  landed  at  the  post  by  Government  steamer,  at  nearly  all  seasons. 

SUBSISTENCE. — The  amount  of  subsistence  kept  on  hand  very  rarely  exceeds  that  of  the  cur- 
rent quarter. 

FUEL,  FORAGE,  USD  w  ATER. — Fuel  and  forage  are  obtained  from  the  quartermaster's  depot  at 
New  York.     Water  is  obtained  from  wells  and  cisterns  at  the  post. 

Communication. — Communication  is  had  by  horse-cars  with  the  village  of  Clifton,  and  thence 
by  the  Staten  Island  ferry  with  New  York  City. 

RESERVATION. — About  KM)  acres  are  reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Most  of  the  surrounding  country  is  timberlaud;  south  of 
the  fort  there  is  a  salt  meadow  ;  the  waters  of  the  New  York  Narrows  form  one  of  the  boundaries 
of  the  reservation. 


FORT  WARREN,  BOSTON  HARBOR,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

(Established  1861.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    JUNE   27,  L87U,    BY   MAJOR    T.   SEYMOUR,    FIFTH    UNITED    STATES    ARTILLERY, 

COMMANDING  POST. 

LOCATION. — (In  Saint    George's   Island,  seven  miles  south  of  east   from   Boston.     The  nearest 
post  office  is  Hull,  two  miles  distant,  but  the  garrison  procures  its  mail  from  Boston. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   Posts  AND  STATIONS,  165 

Quarters. — For  officers — casemates,  fourteen  in  number,  each  containing  four  rooms,  of 
which  the  front  and  rear  are  15  by  19  feet,  and  two  small  intermediate  rooms  are  each  7  feet  6 
inches  by  10  feet.  Ten  of  these  fourteen  casemates  have  basements  similarly  arranged,  used  for 
kitchens  and  dining-rooms ;  the  other  four  have  but  one  floor.  They  afford  convenient  room  for 
the  officers  of  three  companies  in  peace;  during  war  those  of  a  regiment  could  be  crowded  into 
them.  They  are  as  well  arranged  and  as  comfortable  as  casemates  can  be  made,  and  are  in  good 
condition,  except  thai  the  rear  rooms  all  leak  badly,  and  in  damp  weather  the  basements  are 
exceedingly  wel  from  condensed  moisture. 

For  men — casemates.  Five  are  17  by  50  feet  and  ten  are  17  by  28  feet,  just  sufficient  for 
three  companies  in  peace  ;  in  war  for  a  regiment.  They  are  well  ventilated,  cool  in  summer,  warm 
in  winter,  and  as  convenient  as  need  !>:•.  The  kitchens  arc  in  three  casemates ;  very  unsatisfactory 
for  want  of  convenient  arrangement.  There  is  but  one  permanent  privy  for  the  men,  which  is  kepi 
closed  in  summer  on  account  of  its  offensiveness,  (the  result  of  bad  drainage ;)  and  a  temporary 
privy  outside,  and  4(10  yards  from  one  of  the  companies,  is  made  use  of.  Xo  urinals  are  provided. 
The  want  of  these  essential  appendages  to  men's  quarters  is  the  cause  of  much  inconvenience 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster's  Department — casemates.  No.  1,  34  by  I6i  feet;  No.  2,  24 
by  19  feet,  and  two  basement  rooms,  fused  for  condemned  stores  chiefly,)  each  17  by  15  feet. 

Subsistence  Department — casemates,  lour  in  all :  one  for  small  stores,  l,;  by  32  feet;  one  for 
dry  stores,  45  by  Hi  feet,  (capacity,  300  barrels;)  ■  for  wel  stores,  :;i  by  18,  (capacity,  200  bar- 
rels;) and  one  neat  room,  17  by  18  feel — all  in  good  condition. 

Hospital,  guardhouse,  &c. — The  hospital  is  a  single  casemate,  38  by  54  feet,  originally 
designed  for  a  post  chapel,  ii  will  contain  thirty  beds,  and  is  well  adapted  to  the  purpose,  save 
in  one  vital  respect  that  cannot  lie  remedied — that  as  there  is  only  a  single  ward,  the  dying  are  too 
closely  in  contact  with  other  patients.  The  dispensary,  kitchens.  &c,  are  all  that  could  be 
desired. 

The  guard-house  is  a  casemate  built  into  the  cover  lace  near  the  wharf,  and  on  the  exterior  of 
the  work,  and  consists  of  two  rooms,  each  11  by  1G  fed,  with  an  intervening  hall  10  feet  wide. 
The  prison-room  is  in  an  underground  gallery  in  the  same'  cover-face,  but  in  front  of  the  main  gate 
and  100  yards  from  the  guard-rooms,  and  it  is  well  arranged  for  the  purpo 

The  stable  is  a  new  frame  building,  28  by  39  feet,  outside  the  work,  tt  contains  stalls  for 
seven  animals  and  storage  lor  about  Km  hales  of  hay.  Laundresses'  quarters,  three  temporary 
one-story  frame  buildings  of  the  slightest  construction,  averaging  24  by  100  feet,  placed  outside 
the  work,  of  sufficient  capacity  to  contain  twelve  families.  Chapel,  (casemate,)  17  by  50  feet,  con- 
veniently arranged  for  an  audience  of  one  hundred.  Library,  billiard-room,  and  carpenter- shop, 
(casemates,)  each  17  by  50  led.  The  engineer  buildings  consist  of  a  large  barrack,  a  stable,  store- 
house, carpenter-shop,  and  stone  shed,  (live  in  all.)  all  frame  buildings,  mostly  old  and  falling  to 
pieces,  and  exterior  to  the  work. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermasters  supplies  are  purchased  by  a-:  ml   quartermaster 

in  Boston  upon  quarterly  requisitions. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Supplies  are  furnished  from  New  York  Citj  once  in  three  months,  except  that 
six  months'  supply  is  usually  sent  at  one  time  for  winter  use. 

Fuel,  forage,  AND  WATER, — Fuel  and  forage  are  contracted  for  in  Boston  and  supplied — 
the  fuel  yearly,  the  forage  quarterly.  There  is  sufficient  water  ordinarily  on  the  island  in  cisterns 
and  wells,  but  with  a  war  garrison  these  supplies  do  not  always  suffice, and  water  must  be  brought 
from  Boston. 

Co^diuimicatiu^. — At  present  by  row-boat  to  Hull;  thence,  during  summer,  by  steamer  to 
Boston.  Great  inconvenience  is  experienced  by  the  garrison,  as  its  supplies  of  marketing.  &c, 
are  too  great  to  be  so  transported.  Sometimes  one  of  the  two  Government  tugs  belonging  to  the 
Engineer  Department  in  this  harbor  runs  on  three  days  of  each  week,  but  at  present  this  is  not  the 
ease. 

Lesekvation. — The  extent  of  Saint  George's  Island,  28  acres.  The  fort  and  its  out  works 
cover  ISA  acres  of  this. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  parade  is  38  feet  above  the  sea.    The  mainland  is  dis 


166  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

taut  about  six  miles,  the  coast  ltne  being  about  225°  of  a  circle,  described  with  that   radius  about 
Fort  Warren  as  a  center.    The  intervening  space  contains  numerous  small  islands. 

The  climate  is  damp,  foggy,  and  dis:  '  .  but  extremely  healthy.    The  prevailing  com- 

plaints are  rheumatism,  pneumonia,  and  diseases  of  the  air-passages.  There  are  no  endemic  or 
malarial  diseases.  Average  temperature  in  1869,  53  .  In  comparison  with  the  climate  of  Bostou, 
that  of  Fort  Warren  is  about  10°  warmer  in  winter  and  cooler  in  summer.  Amount  of  rain  in 
L869,  37  ,\  inches.     Usual  winds  east  and  northwest. 


WASHINGTON  ARSENAL,  WASHINGTON,  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 

(Established. — There  are  no  documents  on  file  here,  or  at  the  Ordnance  Office,  to  indicate  the  precise 
time  at  which  it  became  an  arsenal.  As  early  as  1803  it  was  a  military  station,  and  in  August. 
1 807,  it  is  known  that  smith's  and  carpenter's  shops  were  here.  It  is  also  known  that  powder  was 
stored  here  in  1812.     In  January,  1813,  it  is  first  mentioned  as  an  establishment.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JUNE  27,   L870,   BY  BREVET  MAJOR  JOHN  R.  EDIE,  JR.,  CAPTAIN,  ORDNANCE  DE- 
PARTMENT, IN  CHARGE  OF  ARSENAL. 

Location. — The  post  is  situated  at  the  southern  extremity  of  Four-and-a-half  street,  Wash- 
ington, on  what  is  known  as  Greenleaf's  Point,  at  the  junction  of  the  Eastern  Branch  with  the  Poto- 
mac River. 

Quarters. — Barrack,  one  brick  building  is  used  as  a  barracks;  it  is  two  stories  and  base- 
ment in  height,  84  feet  in  length,  and  20^  feet  in  width;  it  contains  eight  rooms  used  as  dormitor- 
ies, besides  a  mess  room,  bath-room,  and  kitchen  in  the  basement ;  the  dormitories  are  warmed  by 
stoves  and  lighted  by  candles.  The  company  kitchen  is  in  the  basement  of  the  barrack  building  : 
its  dimensions  are  22  feet  in  length,  19  feet  in  width,  and  8  feet  in  height  ;  it  contains  one  large 
range  for  cooking,  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  men  if  necessary,  and  the  necessary  cooking  utensils. 
The  company  mess-room  is  also  in  the  basement,  is  4(>  feet  in  length,  22  feet  in  width,  and  9  feet  in 
height  :  it  contains  six  tables  and  six  benches,  and  has  a  seating  capacity  of  one  hundred  men. 

Officers'  quarters — four  buildings  are  used  at  present  as  officers' quarters.  They  are  built  of  brick, 
plain  finish,  two  stories  in  height,  63  by  30  feet;  they  contain  eight  rooms  each,  the  average  di- 
mensions of  which  are  I'd  feet  long,  15  feet  wide,  and  12  feet  high;  one  entire  building  is  allowed 
to  each  officer;  they  are  heated  by  stoves,  lighted  by  gas,  and  ventilated  by  the  ordinary  windows. 
Each  house  contains  a  water  closet  and  bath-room,  and  has  hot  and  cold  water  throughout.  The 
building  for  the  commanding  officer  has  just  been  completed  and  is  not  yet  occupied;  it  is  three 
stories  and  basement  in  height;  it  is  built  of  brick,  and  contains  all  the  modern  improvements, 
gas,  hot  and  cold  water,  three  bath-rooms,  range,  and  electrical  call-bells,  &c.  The.  height  of  the 
different  stories  is  as  follows:  basement,  7  feet ;  first  story,  13g  feet;  second  story,  12  feet,  and 
third  story.  1 1  feet.  The  average  dimensions  of  the  rooms  are  24  by  18  feet.  The  parlor  is  -10  by 
IS  feet. 

Storehouses. — There  are   five  ord ice  store-houses  at  the  post:  they  are  built  of  brick, 

two  stories  each  in  height,  and  average  189  by  52  feet  ;  they  are  used  for  the   storage  of  ordnance 
ami  ordnance  stores. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — The  hospital  is  built  of  brick,  and  is  two  stories  and  base 
incut  in  height ;  it  is  in  good  repair.    The  wards  are  warmed  bj  stoves,  ventilated  by  windows  at 

either  end  of  the  wards,  and  lighted  by  gas.     The  capacity  of  the  wards  is  live  beds,  with  a  super 
licial  area  of  74.S  square  feet,  and  a  space  p  sr  bed  of  7  IScubic  feet. 

The  guardhouse  is  built  of  brick,  anil  is  one  storj  in  height,  30  b\  25  feet,  with  an  extension 
L2  by  29  feet,  in  which  are  contained  the  cells — two  in  number.  The  interior  contains  one  room. 
12  feet  high,  2G  by  21  U'ci,  with  a  capacity  lor  ten  men.  The  cells  are  each  10  feet  high,  12  by  12 
feet,  witli  a    |  between  I  feet    in  width.     The  large  room   for  t lie  guard  is  warmed  bj  a 

eoal-sto"S  e  and  ventilated  b\  four  v.  indow  S.     The  cells  are  ventilated  bv  a  skylight  in  the  roof. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  167 

The  stable  is  of  brick,  two  stories  in  height,  7;;  bj  10.  In  the  basemen!  are  six  stalls,  each  !» 
by  5  feet,  which  are  used  for  the  cows.  On  the  main  floor  are  twenty-four  stalls  for  horses,  each 
stall  being  12  by  ">  feet :  they  are  arranged  in  two  rows  of  twel  The  upper  floor  is  used 

as  a  storeroom. 

Supply-depots,  &c— For  Quartermaster's  Department,  Washington  City,  District  of  Columbia. 

Subsistence.— For  commissary  and  subsistence  stores,  Washington  City,  District  of  Columbia. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water.— The  supply  of  fuel  is  ample,  and  consists  of  anthracite  coal, 
and  oak  or  other  hard  wood  ;  it  is  obtained  monthly  by  requisition  On  the  acting  assistant  quar 
termasterat  the  post.  The  supply  of  forage  is  ample,  and  consists  of  oats,  hay,  and  straw;  it  is 
obtained  monthly  by  requisitions  on  the  depot  quartermaster.  The  depot  is  supplied  with  water 
from  the  city  water-mains,  and  from  wells  on  the  posl  :  the  quality  is  good  and  the  supplj 
abundant;  it  is  distributed  bj  lead  pipes  throughout  most  of  the  buildings  at  the  post. 

Communication.— Wit  Inn  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Washington,  Districl  of  Columbia. 

Reservation.— The  original  site  was  known  on  the  plot  of  the  city  of  Washington  as  reset 
vation  No.  5,  and  was  designated,  in  addition  to  its  number,  as  the  fort  at  Greenleaf's  Point,  and 
was  bounded  on  the  north  by  south  T  street.  The  northern  portion  was  appropriated  for  the  use 
of  the  United  States  penitentiary,  in  pursuance  of  the  act  of  Cougress  dated  May  I'd.  1826,  but  it 
reverted  again  to  the  arsenal  during  the  recent  war.  In  pursuance  of  an  act  of  March  :;,  1857, 
the  site  of  the  arsenal  was  enlarged  by  the  purchase  of  the  land  lying  between  the  Potomac  River, 
James'  Creek,  and  south  I'  street.     The  whole  tract  now  consists  of  69  acres. 

Description  of  Country,  &c— The  surrounding  country  is  hilly  and  Hilling;  the  soil  is 
moderately  productive ;  a  few  of  the  principal  productions  are  vegetables  of  various  kinds,  and 
wheat,  oats,  corn,  rye,  hay,  straw,  &c.  Woods  are  abundant,  and  consist  principally  of  white  oak. 
post  oak,  red  oak,  Spanish  oak.  beech,  hickory,  poplar,  honey  locust,  black  oak.  persimmon,  sassafras, 
mulberry,  sycamore,  &c,  besides  a  great  variety  of  smaller  trees,  shrubbery,  &c.  The  above 
timber  is  found  in  ample  quantities,  and  the  quality  is  good.  Grass  is  grown  in  large  quantities. 
ami  the  quality  is  good.  The  climate  is  changeable,  but  mild.  The  health  of  the  city  and  stir 
rounding  country  is  good.  No  meteorological  observations  are  made  at  present,  there  being  no 
means  at  the  post  for  making  them  accurately. 


FORT  WASHINGTON,  MARYLAND. 

(Established  in  the  latter  part  of  the  seventeenth  century  ;  blown  up  in  1^1  1  :  rebuilt  in  i  - 

INFORMATION    GIVEN   JUNE   29,    ism.    BY    BREVET    MAJOR    GENERAL   A.    P.    HOWE,    MAJOR    FOURTH 

ARTILLERY,  COMMANDING  POST. 

LOCATION. — Located  on  the.  Maryland  side  of  the  Potomac  River,  fourteen  miles  below  Wash 
ington,  District  of  Columbia.    Post-office  at  the  post. 

Quarters. — Officers':  Two  sets  of  brick;  one  set,  '.»i  by  23;  the  other,  50  by  30:  three  sets,  of 
wood,  44  by  32.  Men's:  One  set,  of  wood,  162  by  24.  and  one  set,  of  brick.  82  by  25.  Laun- 
dresses': One  building,  of  wood,  103  by  17.     Hospital  steward's:  One  building,  of  wood,  ."nl  by  10. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster:  One  building,  of  wood,  02  by  32.  Commissary:  One  build- 
ing, of  wood.  40  by  22. 

Hospital,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C— Hospital :  One  building,  of  wood,  82  by  24.  Stable:  One 
building,  of  brick  and  wood,  44  by  31.     Guard-room,  none  :  casemate  used  for  that  purpose. 

Supply-depots.  &c. — Washington,  District  of  Columbia. 

Subsistence. — Furnished  on  quarterly  estimates. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Fuel  and  forage  furnished  by  contract.  The  supply  of  water  is 
furnished  from  cisterns  and  the  Potomac  River.  Tn  the  summer  season  the  supply  of  water  is 
almost  entirely  drawn  from  the  river. 


168  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Communication. — Alexandria,  Virginia,  is  the  nearesl  town,  and  the  communication  is  by 
water. 

Reservation. — Fort  Washington  comprises  an  area  of  1.3  acres,  over  a  portion  of  which  the 
jurisdiction  has  been  ceded  to  the  United  Stales. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Face  of  country  rolling;  soil  fertile,  with  light  productions 
from  bad  cultivation;  produces  grain,  grass,  and  tobacco,  with  a  fair  supply  of  oak  and  pine 
timber  of  good  quality.  The  average  temperature  for  the  year  is  56°.  The  latitude  of  Fort  Wash- 
ington is  38c  54'.    The  records  show  the  health  of  the  localitv  not  good. 


WATERTOWN  ARSENAL,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

(Established. — It  is  supposed  that  this  arsenal  was  commenced  under  the  act  of  April  23,  LS08,  as 

the  first  building  was  completed  in  1810.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  SEPTEMBER  17.  1870,  BY  C.  I".  KINGSBURY,  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  OF  ORDNANI  E, 

COMMANDING  ARSENAL. 

Location. — Watertown,  Middlesex  County,  Massachusetts,  about  six  miles  west  of  Boston. 
The  nearest  post-office  is  Watertown.  The  grounds  include  100  acres,  and  are  bounded  on  the 
smith  side  by  the  Charles  River.  The  track  of  the  Boston  and  Albany  Railroad  passes  about  loo 
yards  south  of  the  river,  and  the  line  of  the  Watertown  branch  of  the  Fitchburgh  Railroad  runs  a 
few  yards  north  of  the  arsenal,  with  a  station  hard  by. 

QUARTERS. — One  set  for  commanding  officer,  Ot  by  -10,  with  a  wing  47  by  30,  two  and  a  half 
stories,  completed  in  1S0C,  (brick ;)  two  sets  officers' quarters,  two  stories,  each  30  by  40,  with 
wing,  (brick:)  one  set  officers'  quarters,  two  stories,  27  by  62,  (brick;)  one  set  officers'  quarters,  two 
stories,  -!.'!  by  33,  [  wood  ;)  one  men's  barracks,  two  stories,  05  by  25,  (brick  ;)  one  men's  barracks, 
one  story,  08  by  21,  (brick  :)  one  men's  mess  hall,  one  story.  38  by  19,  (brick.)  and  two  cottages  for 
married  men.  (wood.) 

StokE-IIOUSES. — Two  arsenals  or  store  houses,  124  by  34,  (brick;)  two  lumber  store-houses. 
55  by  18,  (brick ;)  one  implement,  &c,  store-house,  141  by  30,  (brick;)  one  carriage  store-house. 
L25  by  35,  (wood ;)  two  laboratories,  75  by  -0  and  75  bv  25,  with  two  wings,  125  by  25,  (wood ;) 
two  magazines.  8!)  by  35  and  30  by  20,  (stone:)  one  iron  and  wood  shop.  17o  feet  front,  with  two 
wings,  each  250  by  50,  (brick;)  one  smith-shop,  •"•<>()  by  56,  (brick;)  one  iron  and  brass  foundery,  71 
by  30,  (brick  ;)  one  gas-house.  55  by  30,  (brick;)  one  gasometer,  octagonal.  50  by  50,  (brick  ;)  one 
stable,  90  by  30,  (brick,)  and  two  coal-sheds,  L57  by  20  and  60  bv  25,  (wood.) 

HOSPITAL,  <.i  ARD-HOI  ^e,  &C. — One  hospital,  two  stories,  05  by  25,  (brick;)  one  guard  and 
tire-engine  house,  44  by  61,  with  wing,  (brick;)  one  office,  two  stories.  05  by  21,  (brick;)  one 
hydraulic  press  house.  25  by  20,  (wood  ;)  one  testing-house,  35  bj  20,  (wood,)  and  three  reservoirs, 
(brick.) 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Commissarj  stores  are  mostlj  purchased  in  Boston. 

Subsistence. — Supplies  are  usually  procured  from  month  to  month. 

l-'i  EL,  FORAGE,  AM)  WATER. — Wood  and  anthracite  coal  are  used  as  fuel,  and  are  purchased 
in  Cambridgeport  in  such  proportions  as  are  required.  Forage  is  purchased  in  Watertown. 
Water  is  obtained  from  wells  and  cisterns,  and  in  emergencies  from  the  Charles  River. 

COMMI  NICATION. — The  Boston  and  Albanj  Railroad  on  the  south  and  the  Fitchburgh  road  on 
I  he  north.  The  latter,  having  a  track  entering  the  arsenal  grounds,  affords  facilities  for  communi- 
cation in  all  directions.    Heavy  freight  is  sometimes  shipped  by  the  river  to  and  from  Boston. 

Reservation. — 'the  land  has  been  procured  at  differenl  times  by  purchase  from  private 
individuals,  jurisdiction  having  been  secured  by  the  usual  State  legislation. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  surrounding  country  is  generally  level  or  slightly 
undulating.  The  soil  islighl  and  sandy,  with  a  basis  of  gravel.  \  ery  little  is  produced  except  with 
great  labor  and  high  cultivation.     Without  a   liberal  application  of  fertilizers  the  land  is  unpro 


DESCRIPTIONS  <  >F  MILITARY   POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  169 

ductive.     Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  anil  oats  are,  however,  produced  in   small  quantities.    The 
principal  fruits  arc  apples  and  pears. 

The  climate,  is  of  unusual  seventy,  and  cold  easterly  winds  prevail  at  intervals  throughout  the 
year.  The  temperature  varies  from  about  10c  below  zero  to  103°  above.  Fires  are  required  as 
early  as  September,  and  health  and  comfort  suggest  that  the  allowance  of  fuel  be  increased  during 
that  month. 


WATERVLIET  ARSENAL,  NEW  YORK. 

(Established. — First  purchased  in  1813.     Limits  extended  by  other  purchases  in  1823,  IS26,  LS2S, 

1833,  1859,  1861,  1867,  and  1S69.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN   JULY  9,  1S70,  BY    BREVET    BRIGADIER    GENERAL    P.   V.  HAGNER,    COLONEL   OF 

ORDNANCE,  COMMANDING  ARSENAL. 

Location. — Within  the  limits  of  West  Troy,  New  York,  on  the  bank  of  the  Hudson  Uiver. 
West  Troy  is  the  post-office. 

Quarters. — Officers'  quarters,  two  buildings  of  stone,  two  stories  each — for  commanding 
officer  and  two  juniors.  One  building,  of  brick,  two  stories,  for  one  family,  and  for  unmarried 
officers'  quarters. 

Men's  quarters,  barracks  for  unmarried  men,  of  stone,  two  stories  and  basement.  Cottages  ol 
brick,  for  married  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates:  can  quarter  one  hundred  men  and  four- 
teen families. 

Store-houses. — Store-houses  and  shops  for  ordnance  stores  permanent  and  temporary.  One 
si  one  arsenal,  three  stories  and  basement ;  one  brick  arsenal,  two  stories  and  basement;  one  iron 
store-house,  one  story:  one  block  of  buildings,  tire  proof,  of  brick,  for  stores  and  shops;  one 
laboratory,  brick,  one  story;  one  store-house,  brick,  used  for  fire-engines  and  for  quartermaster's 
and  commissary  stores  and  offices';  one  brick  artillery-implement  store,  two  stories;  two  brick 
carriage  and  timber  stores,  two  stories;  three  brick  timber  stun-,  one  story;  one  wood  timber 
store,  one  story;  one  brick  niter  store-house,  two  stories;  two  stone  magazines,  separately  inclosed; 
fourteen  carriage  sheds,  temporary,  wood;  one  laboratory,  temporary,  wood:  one  paint-shop, 
temporary,  wood;  one  commanding  officer's  office,  brick,  two  stories:  and  one  chronoscope  build- 
ing, frame,  one  story. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — One  guard-house,  brick,  two  stories;  one  hospital,  brick,  two 
stories  and  basement;  two  stables,  brick,  two  stories:  one  wagon-shed,  frame;  and  one  tank- 
house  for  water-supply,  frame. 

Supply-depots,  &C. — New  York  City  depots,  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  distant  by  rail 
or  water, 

SUBSISTENCE. — Subsistence  stores  usually  purchased  in  Troy  as  required. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  WATER. — Wood  for  fuel  is  obtained  by  teams  from  the  neighborhood. 
Anthracite  coal  by  boats  entering  the  Hudson,  by  canal  at  Kondont,  or  at  other  points  below;  and 
bituminous  coal  by  canal-boats  through  Syracuse,  on  Erie  Canal.  Sufficient  hay  for  the  wants  of 
this  section  is  grown  in  the  immediate  vicinity.  Oats  can  usually  be  more  advantageouslj  pur- 
chased from  dealers  supplied  by  canal,  but  much  also  is  grown  in  this  neighborhood.  Drinking- 
water  is  obtained  from  wells  and  cisterns.  Uiver  or  canal  water  is  pumped  up  into  the  tank-bouse, 
and  thence  distributed  by  pipes  and  hydrants  for  fire  and  household  purposes,  other  than  drinking. 
Gas  is  conveyed  throughout  the  grounds  and  quarters. 

Communication. — Messenger  wagon  for  packages.     Horse  cars  and  ferry  to  Troy  and  Albau  . . 

RESERVATION.— Extent  of  public  land  about  106  acres.  Jurisdiction  granted  by  the  State, 
except  for  lots  last  purchased. 

Description  of  COUNTRY: — Surrounding  country  thickh  populated.  Railroads  running 
north  and  south  on  both  sides  of  the  river;  also  horse-railroad  and  turnpike-roads  to  Albany,  Troy 


170  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  .MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATION.-. 

and  Colioes;  steamboat  for  passengers  and  freight  from  Troy  and  Albany  to  New  York  City,  and 
Erie  and  Champlain  Canals  run  through  the  grounds.  Record  of  the  thermometer  has  been  kept 
at  the  arsenal  since  L866,  its  position  being  outside  of  a  north  window  and  protected  from  the 
western  sun.  The  highest  temperature  marked  is  100°  on  the  13th,  14th,  and  15th  of  July,  1SG8, 
and  00°  ou  the  25th  of  June,  1S70.  The  lowest  temperature  marked  was  22°  below  zero  on  the  8th 
of  February,  1S68,  and  IS0  below  zero  on  the  21st  of  December,  1866.  Usually  each  year  the 
mercury  falls  below  zero  two  or  three  times,  (in  December,  February,  and  March,)  remaining  so 
for  some  hours;  but  such  cold  does  not  continue  longer  than  two  or  three  days  at  most.  The  river- 
is  usually  frozen  to  bear  the  heaviest  teams  for  six  or  eight  weeks;  but  last  winter  none  ventured 
upon  it,  although  it  was  sate  for  foot-passengers.  The  river  closes  in  December  and  opens  in 
January  for  a  short  time.  Last  year  (an  exceptional  year)  navigation  was  resumed  for  a  few  days 
more  than  once,  after  it  was  first  suspended. 

A  new  wharf-wall  is  just  completed  along  the  river  front,  giving  wharfage  for  a  length  of 
850  feet,  and  a  depth  of  s  to  10  feet  at  low-  water — as  much  as  can  be  relied  upon  in  the  river- 
channel  above  Albanv. 


POST  OF  WILLETT'S  POINT,  NEW  YORK  HARBOR 


(FORT  AT  WILLETT'S  POINT,  LONG   ISLAND.) 
Established  1865.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JUNE  27,  1370,  BY  BREVET  BRIGADIER  GENERAL  IIENRY  I..  ABBOTT,  MAJOR  OF 

ENGINEERS,  COMMANDING  FUST. 

LOCATION. — Mouth  of  Fast  River,  opposite  Fort  Schuyler,  New  York  Harbor;  latitude,  4(P 
47'  2(1";  longitude,  5b.  55'  of."  west  of  Greenwich ;  about  twenty  miles  from  New  York  City. 
Whitestone  post-office. 

Quarters. — Permanent :  One  house  for  engineer  of  the  fort;  two  double  houses  for  officers 
of  garrison;  one  house  for  officers'  mess,  (all  completed ;)  three  barracks  for  troops,  (under  con- 
struction,) all  wood,  tilled  in — stone  or  concrete  foundations.  Temporary  :  <  >ld  hospital  buildings, 
now  in  ruins,  built  in  1864;  all  wood,  without  proper  foundations  or  roofs. 

STORE-HOUSES. —  Permanent:  One  quartermaster's  store-house,  one  commissary  store-house, 
one  stable,  one  bake-house.  Temporary:  Old  hospital  buildings,  in  bad  condition.  The  above  do  not 
include  the  buildings  of  the  engineer  depot,  or  those  belonging  to  the  fort  under  construction.  The 
permanent  buildings  are  of  wood,  with  good  shingle  roofs ;  capacity  sufficient  for  a  three-compauj 
posl  ;  foundations,  stone. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c— Permanent :  One  excellent  hospital;  one  excellent  guard- 
house— all  of  wood,  filled  in  -with  brick.  Capacity  sufficient  lor  a  three  company  post ;  foundations, 
concrete  or  si '. 

Supply  depots,  &c.  -Engineer  depot  for  the  Last,  and  engiueer  and  torpedo  school  of  appli- 
cation. 

Subsistence. — Drawn  from  New  York  City  or  purchased  by  post  quartermaster  and  com- 
missary.    Amount  for  current  issues  kept  on  hand. 

Li  EL,  FORAGE,  AND  WATER. — Fuel  drawn  from  New  York  City.  Forage  drawn  from  New- 
York  Citj  or  purchased  from  vicinity.     Good  wells. 

Communication.— Ly  boat ;  also  by  Flushing  and  North  Shore  Railroad. 

Reservation.— Site  purchased  for  fort,  about  136  acres. 

Description  of  couni  m  .  &c. — Fertile  ;  somewhat  subject  to  fever  and  ague. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  171 

FORT  WINTHROP,  BOSTON   HARBOR,  MASSACHUSETTS. 

(Established  in  L798.     Lt  was  established  b\   au  act  of  the  legislature  of  the  Commonwealth  of 
Massachusetts,  dated  June  25,  1798  :  Mien  called  ( lovernor's  tsla 

INFORM  VTIOIS  GIVEN  J UU    I.  IS".  b\   .JACOB  SWARTZ,  ORDNANCE  SERGEANT.  I  VITED  STATES  ARMY, 

l\   CHARGE. 

Location.— The  fort  is  on  Governor's  Island,  in  Boston  Harbor,  two  mile-  east  of  Boston 
City,  and  separated  by  the  main  channel  from  Fort  Independence,  Castle  Island,  and  is  distant 
760  yards.    Nearest  post  office  is  Boston,  Massachusetts. 

Quarters. — The  officers' quarters  consist  of  two  frame  buildings,  one  GO  feel  long,  25  feet 
broad,  and  15  feet  high ;  two  kitchens,  one  in  feel  long  bj  Hi  led  broad,  and  lOfeet.high;  the 
other  28  feet  long,  Ki  feel  broad,  and  10  feet  high  ;  condition  tolerable;  occupied  by  the  ordnance 
sergeant  at  the  post.  The  other  building  is  10  feet  long  by  25  feel  broad,  and  10  feet  high. 
One  kitchen,  15  feel  long,  1.0  feet  broad,  and  10  feet  high;  condition  tolerable;  occupied  by  the 
engineers.  There  is  a  building  designated  as  adjutant's  office,  30  by  15,  and  12  feet  high;  condi- 
tion bad. 

The  men's  quarters  consist  of  one  frame  building,  05  b^  25,  and  18  feel  high.     The  laundresses' 

quarters  consist  of  one  frame  building,  50  ff<'t  long,  20  feel  br I,  and  10  feel  high  ;  needs  repairs. 

The  tower  or  citadel  is  a  granite  building,  100  feel  square,  15  feel  high,  (new,)  casemate  quarters 
inside.  The  engineer  boarding-house  is  110  feet  long,  !<>  feel  broad,  and  20  feel  high;  is  of  frame, 
and  iu  a  fair  condition. 

Store-houses. — There  is  bui  one  store-house — frame  buildiug,  50  feel  square  and  18  feel 
high  ;  condition  tolerable;  al  present  used  by  the  engineers  as  a  carpenter-shop  and  store-room. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital,  none.    There  is  >  guard-house,  20  feet  long  by 

15  feet  broad,  and  to  feet  high;  occupied  by  the  engineers.  *  One  stable,  a  frame  building  of  50 
feet  long  by  00  feet  broad,  and  15  feel  high,  and  used  for  public  animals  by  the  engineers. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — All  articles  of  supply  are  obtained  from  Port  independence.  Huston 
Harbor. 

Subsistence. — The  subsisteuce  is  received  from  Fort  Independence,  Boston  Harbor,  monthly. 

Fuel,  FORAGE,  AND  WATER. — The  fuel  used  consists  of  wood  and  coal,  and  is  supplied  from 
Fort  Independence,  Boston  Harbor.  Forage  is  not  used  except  by  the  engineers.  The  water  ior 
the  post  is  furnished  by  four  wells,  and  in  the  citadel  by  one  cistern.  The  water  supplied  from 
the  wells  and  cisterns  is  good. 

Communication. — The  communication  is  with  Boston  City  and  Fori  Independence  bj  water — 
in  both  cases  by  one  row-boat  only.     Two  miles  to  the  city  proper. 

RESERVATION. — It  is  not  known  if  any  reservation  has  been  declared  by  the  President.  In 
179S  an  act  passed  the  senate  and  assembly  of  Massachusetts  ceding  the  island  to  the  United 
States. 

Description  op  country,  &c. — Same  as  given  for  Fort  Independence. 


F()KT  WOLCOTT,  NEWPORT,   RHODE   ISLAND. 

(Established  by  the  English  before  the  revolutionary  war.     It  has  been  rebuilt  as  *an  earth-work 
by  the  Americans.     The  ruins  of  the  original  structure  and  of  the  earth-work  remain.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   JULY  14,  1870,  BY  BREVET  MAJOR  GENERAL  HENRY   J.  HUNT,  COLONEL   FIFTH 

UNITED  STATES  ARTILLERY,  COMMANDING   POST. 

Location. — Haifa  mile  west  of  Newport,  in  Newport  Harbor,  which  is  the  nearest  post-office. 

Quarters. — One  block  officers'  quarters,  basement  stone,  upper  part  of  wood;  until  recently 

used  by  the  ordnance  sergeants.     Quarters  sufficient  lor  two  or  three  officers;  much  dilapidated, 


172  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

but  being  put  in  order  by  the  Navy,  to  which  the  posl  has  been  recently  transferred  (it  is  under- 
stood temporarily)  as  a  torpedo  station.    There  are  no  barracks  for  soldiers. 

Store-houses. — One  or  two  sheds  for  ordnance  stores.  These  are  being  repaired,  and  new 
buildings  or  magazines,  laboratories,  &c,  put  up  by  the  Navy. 

Hospital,  guardhouse,  &c. — None. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Before  the  place  was  tinned  over  to  the  Navy  all  supplies  were  fur- 
nished from  Fort  Adams. 

Communication. — By  boat  with  Newport. 

Reservation. — Property  of  the  Government. 


FORT  WOOD,  NEW  YORK  HARBOR. 

(Established,  not  positively  known.     Port  built  in  L814,  as  shown  by  builder's  stone,  inserted  over 

sally-port,  bearing  that  date.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    JUNE    37,   1870,    in    BREVET   MAJOR   C.   I.  WILSON,    CAPTAIN,    UNITED    STATES 

\i,'\iy.  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location. — Situated  on  Bedloe's  Island,  New  York  Harbor,  on  the  western  side  of  the  channel 
of  the  upper  bay,  at  the  distance  of  about  one  and  a  half  miles  from  the  New  Jersey  shore,  and 
about  two  and  a  half  miles  in  a  southwesterly  direction  from  the  "Battery," New  York  City.  New 
York  City  is  the  most  convenient  post-office. 

(Quarters. — Officers'  quarters  <Tve  of  two  story  brick,  with  cellar  kitchens  occupying  one  side 
of  the  quadrangle  composing'  the  interior  of  the  fort.  They  are  in  good  condition,  and  of  a  capacity 
to  accommodate  four  officers.  Parts  of  other  buildings  could  be  used  as  officers' quarters.  The 
men's  quarters  are  two  buildings  of  two  story  brick,  occupying  two  other  sides  of  the 
interior.  They  are  in  good  condition,  and  have  capacity  for  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  men, 
though  two  hundred  could  possibly  be  accommodated.  Under  one  of  the  buildings  is  a  cellar 
basement,  used  as  company  kitchen  and  mess-hall. 

STOEE-nousrs. — None  belonging  to  the  fort  proper.  Those  now  in  use  are  wooden  buildings, 
elected  during  the  late  war,  outside  of  the  fort  as  barracks  for  recruits.  The  quartermaster  and 
commissary  occupy  one  building,  and  the  ordnance  another.  They  are  all  in  poor  condition,  and 
constantly  need  repairs.  Their  capacity  is  limited,  though  other  buildings  of  the  same  kind  could 
lie  used.  Within  the  fort  are  two  magazines,  with  a  capacity  in  each  for  about  one  hundred  and 
fifty  barrels  of  powder.  They  are  in  good  condition,  though  damp.  There  is  also  a  shell-room 
within  the  fort  in  good  condition. 

HOSPITAL,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C. — Hospital  is  Outside  the  fori — a  brick  building,  three  stories 
high,  in  excellent  condition,  and  with  a  capacity  to  accommodate  from  thirty  to  fifty  patients,  to- 
gether with  the  other  necessary  apartments.  The  gnard-housei  and  rooms  are  of  casemate  struc- 
ture, under  the  parapet  on  either  side  of  the  main  sally-port  ;  in  good  condition,  and  well  suited  for 
the  purpose.  Sinks  are  in  good  condition  ;  the  men's  are  built  on  piles,  sufficiently  far  out  to  be 
over  water  at  all  times. 

Si  PPLY-DEPOTS,  &C. —  In  New  York  City,  where  all  supplies  can  lie  icadils  obtained  on 
properly  approved  requisitions. 

Si  bsistence. — Is  promptly  supplied  on  requisition  on  the  chief  comiuissarj  of  subsistence  of 
the  Department  of  the  East,  New  York  City.  There  is  now  generally  kept  on  hand  a  supply  for 
one  hundred  men  for  three  months. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. —  Fuel  ami  forage  are  furnished  by  the  Department  quarter 

master   of  the  East,  New    York  City.      Water  is  supplied  b\  cisterns,  which  drain  the  root's   of  the 
buildings  within  the  fort,     Their  capacity  is  generally  sufficient,  though  sometimes,  during  a  long 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS    LND  STATIONS.  17:1 

continued  drought,  tliey  have  to  be  filled  with  Croton  water  bj  the  quartermaster,  by  means  of 
tauks  or  water-bouts. 

Communication. — With  New  York  City  by  steamboat,  three  limes  a  day  generally.  Also 
with  barges  when  necessary,  a  boat's  crew  being  always  kepi  organized. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  comprises  the  whole  island,  which  is  about  twelve  acres  in 
extent.  Tt  was  ceiled  to  the  United  States  Government  by  the  State  of  New  STork  in  the  year 
L800.  The  island  is  of  pear  shape  in  formation,  with  the  bulk  or  base  toward  the  channel  of  the 
bay,  and  upon  which  part  the  fort  is  built,  and  has  a  most  excellent  range  of  the  channel.  During 
the  late  war  the  island  outside  of  the  fort  was  thickly  built  up  with  wooden  barracks,  of  which 
some  five  or  six  now  remain,  which  could  accommodate  some  three  or  four  hundred  men.  They 
are  in  good  condition.  The  drainage  of  the  fort  is  good,  being  underground  and  emptying  into 
the  bay. 

Description  of  oountby,  &c. — The  health  of  the  fort  is  most  excellent,  being  entirely  sur- 
rounded by  salt  water.     The  mean  average  temperature  is  about  52°  F. 


DEPARTMENT   OF  THE   LAKES. 


POSTS    DESCRl  B  E  !>. 

Brady,  Fort,  Madison  Barracks. 

Columbus  Arsenal.  Niagara,  Fort. 

I  letroit  Arsenal.  ( (ntario,  Fort. 

Gratiot,  Fort.  Porter,  Fort. 

Indianapolis  Arsenal.  Wayne,  Fort. 

Mackinac,  Fort.  Wilkins,  Fort. 


PORT  BRADY,  MICHIGAN. 

(Established. — Then'  is  a  post  retina  on  Qle  dated  April,  L828.     Old  inhabitants  say  it  was  estab- 
lished in  1822.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JL'Li   23,   Id/O,  IW   I  APTAIN   R.  II.  OFFLEY,  FIRST  INFANTRY,  COMMANDING  POST- 

Location. — On  Saint  Mary's  River,  twenty-five  miles  from  the  mouth  of  Lake  Superior,  and 
iu  the  center  of  the  village  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Michigan.  Post-office  address,  Fort  Brady,  Sauit 
Ste.  Marie.  Michigan. 

Quarters. — Officers'  quarters,  frame-built,  good,  but  of  insufficient  capacity  for  a  two-com- 
pany post.  Men's  quarters,  frame-built,  good;  also  insufficient  for  a  two-company  post.  No  laun- 
dresses' quarters. 

Store-houses. — One  large  frame  building,  used  as  a  commissary  and  quartermasters  store 
bouse;  dimensions,  81  by  20  feet.  One  large  frame  building,  used  as  an  ordnance  store-house; 
dimensions,  81  by  20  feet.    One  magazine,  built  of  stone  ;  dimensions,  20  by  17. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c.— Hospital,  built  of  logs,  old  and  much  dilapidated;  recently 
partially  repaired  ;  dimensions,!;:;  by  30.  Guardhouse,  new,  and  frame  built ;  dimensions,  20  by 
24.     Stables  are  frame-built,  and  of  sufficient  capacity. 

Si  pply-depots,  &C. — Detroit  for  quartermaster's  stores,  and  Chicago  for  subsistence  stores. 
Supplies  are  received  in  the  spring  and  autumn.    Communication  by  water. 

Subsistence. — One  year's  supply  usually  kepi  on  hand. 

Fuel,  FORAGE,  AND  WATER. — Fuel  and  forage  obtained  on  requisition  from  Quartermaster's 
Department.     Water  is  obtained  from  Saint  Mary's  River,  and  of  excellent  quality. 

Communication. — By  water  to  Marquette  during  navigation,  and  overland  on  snow-shoes 
during  the  winter. 

Reservation. —  Declared  a  military  reservation  in  L850  bj  act  of  Congress  approved  by  the 
1 'resident. 

Description  of  coi  ntry,  &c.— Hilly;  land  tolerably  fertile ;  timber  not  verj  large;  locality 
healthy;  grass  is  abundant ;  the  cultivation  of  vegetables  requires  considerable  care.    Tempera 
inic :  average  in  summer,  about  70-  ;  in  winter,  extreme  temperature  as  low  as  35  . 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  17.*) 

COLUMBUS    ARSENAL,  COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 

(Established  February  17.  L8G3.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JUNE  24,  1870,  To   BREVET  COLONEL  JOHN  Mi  NUTT,  MAJOR,  ORDNANCE,  DEPART- 
MENT, UNITED  STATES  ARMY,  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location. — Northeast  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  facing  south  on  corporation  line,  distant  about  one 
mile  from  the  post-office  of  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Quarters. — Commanding  officer's  quarters,  brick,  two  stories,  area  73  by  40  feet,  ten  rooms; 
ordnance  store-keepers  quarters,  brick,  two  stories,  area  65  by  18  feet,  eight  rooms;  men's  quar- 
ters, brick,  two  stories,  area  73  by  32  feet,  eleven  rooms,  two  of  them  being  used  tor  a  hospital; 
all  the  quarters  in  good  condition. 

Store-houses.— Main  building,  brick,  three  stories,  area  ISO  by  00  feet,  with  tower,  five 
stories,  area  34  by3J  feet,  used  for  storing  ordnance  stores  and  small  quantities  of  clothing  and  sub- 
sistence stores.  Artillery  storehouse,  brick,  two  stories,  area  201  by  51  feet,  for  storing  artillery, 
harness,  &c.  Magazine,  brick,  one  story,  area,  50  l>\  33  feet,  for  storing  powder.  Two  temporary 
store  houses,  frame,  one  story,  each  100  by  5G  feet,  for  storing  ordnance  stores;  all  the  store  houses 
in  good  condition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c — Hospital,  two  rooms  in  barracks,  32  by  L8  feet.    Quard-hoi 
brick,  one  story,  area  25  by  22  feet,  one  room  and  three  cells.    Office,  brick,  one  story,  1 1  by  22  feet, 
two  rooms.     Stable,  brick,  two  stories,  63  by  16  feet,  containing  nine  stalls,  carriage  house,  hostler's 
and  harness  rooms;  wagon-shed,  frame,  65  by  30  feet,  attached  ;  all  the  above  in  good  condition. 

St  i'I'LY-depots,  &C. — Cincinnati  and  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Subsistence. — Subsistence  supplies  obtained  yearly  from  depot   at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  ex> 
fresh  beef  and  flour,  which  are  purchased  as  required  at  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water.-— Fuel,  forage,  and  straw  are  pnrchased  as  required  at  Columbus, 
Ohio.    Water  obtained  on  post  from  wells  and  cisterns. 

Communication. — Communication  between  post,  and  Columbus,  Ohio,  carried  on  by  means  of 
messenger-wagon  ;  distance  from  post-office  about  otic  mile. 

Reservation. — No  reservation  declared;  ground  consisting  of  77|J  acres,  purchased  from 
Robert  Neil,  of  Columbus,  Ohio.  February  17,  1870. 

'  DESCRIPTION  OF  COUNTRY,  &C— Surrounding  country  level,  mostly  under  cultivation:  soil, 
rich,  producing  corn,  wheat,  oats,  &c. ;  timber,  good  and  plentiful;  grass  and  water  abundant ; 
climate,  salubrious;  temperature,  moderate;  health  of  locality,  good. 


DETROIT  ARSENAL,   DEARBORNVILLE,  MICHIGAN. 

(Established  in  1835. 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    SEPTEMBER    II.    1870~,    \:\     CAPTAIN    K.    H.PARKER,   ORDNANCE    DEPARTMENT 

UNITED  STATES    iRMY,  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location.— Latitude  12.V-' ;  longitudes;;.!.    ;   ten    miles  west    from   the  city  of  Detroit,  in  the 
village  of  Dearbornville.     Nearest  post-office,  Dearborn ville,  .Michigan. 

QUARTERS. — For*ofiicers  there  are  two,  substantially  built  of  brick,  two  stories  high  and  base- 
ment, slate  roofs,  with  piazza  10  feet  wide  on  three  sides,  plain  finish  and  painted  ;  they  each  contain 
twelve  rooms,  averaging  16  by  18  feet,  and  three  attic  rooms,  averaging  10  by  12  feet.  For  enlisted 
men,  one  building,  substantially  built  of  brick,  slate  roof.  75  by  28  feet,  two  stories  high  an 
ment;  capacity  100  men;  plain  finish  ami  painted. 

Store-houses.— There  are  three:  1st,  arsenal,  so  called,  120  by  37  feet,  three  stories  high, 
slate  roof,  with  balustrade,  basement,  and  attic:  2d,  gun-shed,  so  called,  87  by  30  feci. story 


176  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

high,  slate  roof,  botb  substantially  built  of  brick,  and  painted — used  for  storage  of  ordnance  and 
ordnance  stores  ;  3d,  magazine,  07  by  22,  well  built  and  arched  of  brick,  with  inclosing  wall  9J  feet 
high,  used  for  the  storage  of  powder  and  fixed  ammunition.  Other  buildings,  erected  for  shops, 
are  now  also  used  as  store-rooms  for  ordnance,  subsistence,  and  quartermaster's  stores. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c— Hospital,  44  by  2!)  feet,  built  of  wood  and  painted,  situated 
west  of  Arsenal  Square,  one  and  a  half  stories  high,  three  rooms  besides  the  dispensary.  Guard- 
house, at  entrance  gate  of  Arsenal  Square,  (which  is  inclosed  b\  a  brick  wall  and  buildings,)  ."».">  by 
18  feet,  built  of  brick,  one  story  high,  slate  root' and  painted  ;  one  room  used  for  office.  Stable,  in 
rear  of  Arsenal  Square,  two  stories  high,  built  of  brick,  shingle  roof:  first  floor,  stable  in  each  end, 
carriage-house  and  granary  in  center:  second  floor,  for  storage  of  hay  and  straw.  Three  other 
wooden  buildings  near  used  as  stables,  barns,  and  wagon  sheds.  Three  brick  buildings,  with  slate 
roofs,  64  by  35  feet, built  for  shops;  two  enlisted  married  men's  quarters,  of  the  same  materials, 
form  a  portion  of  the  Arsenal  Square. 

SUPPLY-DEPOTS,  <K:<'. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  in   the   city  of 

Detroit,  ten  miles  distant. 

7  • 

Subsistence. — Subsistence  stores  are  obtained  by  requisition  from  the  chief  commissary  of 
subsistence,  Department  of  the  Lakes,  at  Detroit,  quarterly,  in  sufficient  quantities  for  fifteen 
enlisted  men,  one  laundress,  and  one  hospital  matron,  except  fresh  beef,  which  is  purchased  in  open 
market. 

Duel,  FORAGE,  AND  WATER. — Fuel  and  forage  are  purchased  at  the  post  in  open  market,  gen- 
erally monthly ;  funds  to  pay  for  the  same  are  obtained  from  the  chief  quartermaster,  Department 
of  the  Lakes,  at  Detroit,  on  estimates  furnished  him.  Water  is  obtained  from  cisterns  and  wells 
on  the  post. 

COMMUNICATION. — .Means  of  communication  between  the  post  and  Detroit  City,  the  nearest 
town  of  any  note,  is  by  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  or  by  team,  on  the  Detroit  and  Saline  plank- 
road,  running  parallel. 

Reservation. — Reservation  comprises  230  acres;  not  known  whether  it  has  been  declared  by 
the  President. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  COUNTRY,  &C. — Surrounding  country,  on  the  south  and  east,  is  Hat  ;  on  the 
north  and  west  it  is  rolling  ;  the  soil,  gravelly  or  sandy  loam;  productions  are  wheat,  oats,  barley, 
rye,  grass,  potatoes,  &c. ;  timber  in  moderate  quantity,  quality  good;  grass  in  fair  quantity  and 
quality;  water,  quantity  and  quality  good.  Climate,  average  temperature,  68°;  extremes,  10.">° 
above  to  20c  below  zero:  generally  healthy. 


FORT  GRATIOT,  MICH K i AN. 

(Established  May  11,  1814,  by  a  detachment  of  Fourth  United  States  Infantry.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN  JUNE  30,  1870,  BY  FIRST  LIEUTENANT  JOHN  HAMILTON,  FIRST  INFANTRY,  ACT- 
ING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER  of  THE  POST. 

LOCATION. — Latitude,  420  yards  south  of  the  forty  thiol  parallel;  longitude.  82c  25' west; 
distant  one  mile  northwest  from  thecityof  Port  Huron,  Michigan.  The  nearest  post-office  is. at 
the  village  of  Fort  Gratiot,  Michigan. 

Quarters. — <  officers'  quarters  arc  of  sufficient  capacity  for  the  accomi lation  of  nine  officers ; 

condition  good.  The  condition  of  the  men's  quarters  is  also  good,  but  the  capacity  is  insufficient 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  Dumber  of  troops  at  the  post.     All  the  quarters  are  of  wood. 

Store-houses. — Two  store-] ses  at  the  post — one  81£  by  20J  feet,  one  20  by  10£  feet — in 

g I  condition   and  of  sufficient  capacity  for  the  storage  of  the  necessary  stores;  both  built  of 

wood.  The  larger  store-house  is  used  as  a  quartermaster's  and  commissary  store-room  and  office, 
and  the  smaller  one  as  a  quartermaster's  stoic  house, 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS   AND  STATIONS.  177 

Hospital,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C— A  post  hospital,  50|  by  30i  feet,  iu  good  condition,  affording 
sufficient  accommodation  for  the  sick  and  necessary  attendants';  material,  wood.  A  guard-house, 
30J  by  20 \  feet,  ('(instructed  of  wood,  with  two  cells  of  brick  attached,  in  good  condition,  affording 
a  limited  capacity  for  the  accommodation  of  prisoners  and  necessary  guard.  .V  barn  and  stable 
united,  GOA  by  41  feet,  in  good  condition,  with  sufficient  capacity  for  the  storage  of  one  year's 
supply  of  forage,  and  stabling  for  the  accommodation  of  eighl  animals;  constructed  of  wood.  A 
w len  building,  .'KM.  by  20J  feet,  iu  good  order,  used  as  the  post  commander's  office. 

Supply-depots,  &c— The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depot  is  at  Detroit.  Michi- 
gan.    The  route  via,  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  also  by  boat  on  the  Detroit  and  Saint  Clair  Rivers. 

Subsistence. — Supplies  are  generally  received  quarterly,  and  three  months'  supply  of  sub 
sistence  stores  are  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Fuel  is  obtained  by  contract;  forage  purchased  as  required; 
water  is  procured  and  conducted  from  Saint  Clair  River  by  pipes  and  hydrants  :  also  obtained  from 
cisterns  built  at  the  post. 

Communication. — Communication  is  had  with  the  city  of  Port  Huron,  Michigan,  by  street 
railway. 

RESERVATION. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  been  declared  by  the 
President.  The  original  extent  of  the  reservation  was  600  acres,  previous  to  grants  made  to  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway  Company,  and  Port  Huron  Street  Railway  Company  ;  also  a  cemetery  and 
park  for  the  use  of  the  city  of  Port  Huron,  Michigan.  The  extent  of  these  grants  is  unknot  u,  the' 
reserve  not  having  been  surveyed  since  the  grants  were  made. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  surrounding  country  is  generally  level  or  slightly 
undulating;  the  soil  of  a  light  sandy  loam,  producing  chiefly  hay,  cereals,  and  potatoes;  heavily 
timbered  with  excellent  pine;  the  grass  luxuriant,  and  water  excellent.  The  climate  is  exceedinglj 
changeable;  the  average  temperature  in  midwinter  is  l.v  above  and  in  midsummer  70  above 
zero. 


INDIANAPOLIS  ARSENAL,  INDIANAPOLIS,  INDIANA. 

Established  in  1863.) 

[NFORMATION    GIVEN    JUNE   23,   1870,  J'.\   BREVET    MAJOK    ];.  M.  till. I,.  I   \il\l\.  ORDNANCE    DEPART- 
MENT UNITED  STATES  ARMY,  ACTING  ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTEK  OF  THE  POST. 

Location. — In  the  city  of  Indianapolis,  and  about  two  miles  from  the  post-office. 

QUARTERS. — The  quarters  for  officers  and  men  are  of  brick  and  stone,  in  tine  condition,  and 
intended  for  two  officers  and  fifty  etdisted  men. 

Store-houses. — There  are  three  store-houses  of  brick  and  stone;  one  main  store-house,  183  by 
63  feet,  three  stories  high  ;  one  artillery  storehouse,  201  by  52  feet,  two  stories  high;  one  magazine, 
50  by  33  feet,  all  in  fine  condition,  and  used  for  storing  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores. 

Hospital,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C. — Two  rooms  iu  barracks  are  used  for  the  hospital.  The  guard- 
house, at  present,  is  a  temporary  one.  The  stable  is  new,  and  of  brick  and  stone,  with  a  capacity 
for  ten  horses. 

Supply-depots,  &C. — Requisitions  for  quartermaster  ami  commissary  stores  are  made  direct 
on  the  heads  of  departments. 

Communication. — Thirteen  railroads  branch  out  from  this  city,  making  connections  with  roads 
running  to  all  parts  of  the  United  States. 

Reservation. — The  extent  of  the  arsenal  grounds  is  7~>  acres,  purchased  from  private  parties 
by  I  he  United  States. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  surrounding  country  is  well  adapted  to  all  kinds  of  agri- 
cultural purposes,  and  the  forests  abound  with  oak.  black-walnut,  anil  poplar  lumber.     Health  of 
locality  good. 
23 


ITS  DESCRIPTIONS  <>!•    MILITARY    POSTS  AM)  STATION'S. 

FORT  MACKINAC,   MICHIGAN. 

Established. —  Datenot  known.    The  records  of  this  posl  were  destroyed  by  lire  some  years  ago.) 

INFOBMATION   GIVEN    .71  l.\    21     I-;".    BY  HEEVEX  MAJOE  LESLIE  SMITH,    CAPTAIN,  111,'ST  INFANTEY, 

COMMANDING  POST. 

Location. — On  the  island  of  Mackinac,  in  the  straits  of  the  same  name,  connecting  Lakes  Huron 
and  Michigan.  The  village  of  Mackinac,  of  about  live  hundred  inhabitants,  is  situated  immediately 
under  llie  lull  upon  which  the  fort  stan  Is.  Post  office  in  the  village  of  Mackinac.  The  village  of 
Cheboygan  is  southeast  about  eighteen  miles. 

Q/trAEQ  ers. — ( Ifficers' quarters — two  buildings,  on<  of  stone  and  divided  iuto  two  sets  of  quarters, 
at  present  occupied  by  the  commanding  officer  and  his  First  lieutenant:  this  building'  is  104  bj  31 
feet,  one  story  high  with  basement  :  condition  good.  The  other  building  is  a  one  story  frame,  and 
divided  into  two  sets  of  quarters,  at  present  occupied  by  the  acting  assistant  surgeon  of  the  post 
and  the  second  lieutenant ;  this  building  is  53  by  28  feet  :  condition  very  fair  for  an  old  building. 

Laundresses"  quarters:  A  one  story  frame  building,  GO  b\  in  feet  :  it  is  divided  into  three  sets  of 
quarters,  and  at  present  occupied  by  the  three  laundresses  of  the  company  :  this  building  is  very 
old,  but  in  fair  condition. 

Men's  quarters':  A  two  storj  frame  building.  1  lo  by  30  feet  :  the  men  occupy  a  room  in  the  lower 
story.  47  feet  long,  the  whole  width,  and  the  balance  of  (he  lower  story  is  divided  into  rooms  and 
used  as  library,  store  room  for  clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage,  &C.  The  upper  story  is  divided 
the  same  as  the  lower:  the  large  one  having  been  occupied  as  a  church,  while  this  was  a  chaplain 
post;  at  present  it  is  unoccupied.  This  building,  after  a  new  floor  is  put  in  the.  inoifs  quarters, 
will  be  in  prime  condition.  Attached  to  the  men's  quarters  is  a  one  story  frame,  to  by  111  feet,  used 
as  a  mess-room  and  kitchen  :  this  building  is  in   good  condition. 

STORE-HOUSES. — Three  frame  buildings — two  one  story,  inside  the  tort — one  occupied  for  sub- 
sistence and  clothing,  cam])  and  garrison  equipage;  this  building  is  50  by  30  feet,  and  in  good  con- 
dition for  a  very  old  building:  the  other  is  used  as  a  store  house  for  quartermaster's  stores;  is  47  b\  20 
feet;  this  building  is  in  good  condition.  The  third  is  a  two  story  frame  building  outside  the  fort 
at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  in  the  post  garden  :  it  is  used  tor  the  storage  of  subsistence  stores,  such  as 
Hour,  pork,  &c,  so  thai  the  supplies  may  not  all  be  in  one  building  in  case  of  lire  during  the  winter 
months,  when  communication  is  cut  off  by  the  ice:  condition  very  good. 

HOSPITAL,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C. — The  hospital  is  a  two-story  frame  building  outside  the  fort,  4(i 
by  -"'0  fed  :  is  iii  prime condition,  and  a  verj  fine  hospital  for  a  one-company  post.  Guard-house: 
A  one-story  frame  building,  •'!!)  by  30  feet,  is  quite  old,  but  with  a  new  floor  would  be  in  good  con- 
dition. Post  bakery  is  a  one-story  frame  building  outside  the  fort,  25  by  17  feet;  is  in  good  con- 
dition and  well  adapted  for  the  purpose.  Stable,  at  the  foot  of  the  hill  outside  of  the  fort:  this 
building  is  a  two-story  frame,  -'!1  by  30  feet  :  the  upper  story  is  used  for  storing  forage:  is  pretty 
old,  but  in  lair  condition.  Carpenter-shop:  A  one-story  frame  building  outside  the  fort,  30  bj  21 
feet,  in  good  condition.  Post  quartermaster  and  commissary  officers:  -V  small  one  story  frame 
building,  31  by  26  feet,  in  good  condition.  The  magazine  is  inside  the  fort:  this  is  a  one  story- 
stone  building.  .'Si'  b\  1'.")  feet  :  it  has  been  abandoned  as  a  magazine  in  consequence  of  dampness, 
and  one  of  three  block  houses  converted  into  a  magazine.  This  building  may  be  used  as  a  root- 
house,  or  for  storing  ice. 

Si  PPLI    DEPOTS,  &C — Detroit,  Michigan,  route  by  water,  and    the   season  of  supply  from  tin' 

l."»th  of  May  until  the  1st  of  November. 

Si  BSISTENCE. — Oue  year's  supply  of  subsistence  stores  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

l'i  el,  poeage,  and  u  'tee. —  find  is  furnished  b\  contract.  Forage  is  supplied  bj  thechief 
quartermaster  of  the  department  from  Detroit.  Water  is  hauled  from  the  lake,  which  keeps  one  man 
and  horse  employed  constantly.  There  are  four  cisterns  at  the  post,  one  in  each  set  of  the  quarters 
occupied  by  the  commanding  officer,  first  lieutenant,  and  post  surgeon,  and  one  at  the  end  of  the 
laundresses'  quarters, 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AND  STATION'S.  17!) 

Communication. — All  commuuicatiou  with  this  posl  is  by  water. 

Reservation. — It  is  not  known  \\  nether  the  reservation  on  which  I  his  post  is  situated  has  been 
declared  by  the  President  or  not;  l>ut  being  a  very  old  one  it  is  presumed  it  lias.  It  embraces 
about  one-third  of  the  island,  and  is  of  the  extent  of  about  two  thousand  acres. 

Description  op  country,  &c. — The  soil  of  the  surrounding  country  is  ofa  gravelly  nature; 
very  little  produce  is  raised,  with  the  exception  of  potatoes.  There  is  an  abundance  of  beach  and 
maple  timber  on  the  main-land  niue  or  Ifii  miles  distance  by  water;  grass  is  good  on  this  island 
during  live  months  of  the  year.  The  climate  is  very  One,  particularly  the  summer  season,  which  is 
cool  and  invigorating;  the  winters  are  long,  commencing  about  the  end  of  October  and  ending 
about  the  middle  of  May;  the  lowest  point  the  thermometer  touched  during  last  winter  was  12 
below  zero,  and  the  highest  during  the  past  year  was  SO  .  Average  temperature  for  year  ending 
June  30, 1870,  42°.  Fuel  is  delivered  at  (his  post  by  contract,  (as  before  stated,)  and  is  carried 
some  fifteen  or  twenty  miles  by  schooner  from  the  main-land. 


POST  OF  MADISON  BARRACKS,  SACKETT'S  HARBOR,  NEW  VORK. 

(Established. — The  building  was  commenced  August  1.  LS16,  and  completed  October,  1S19.  Was 
erected  by  the  Second  United  States  Infantry — the  first  occupancy  being  by  five  companies 
of  that  regiment  in  the  fall  of  1810.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JUNE  22,  1870,  BY  BREVET  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  R.  C.  DUEYEA,  CAPTAIN,  FIRST 

VRTILLERY,  COMMANDING   POST. 

Location. — Situated  at  Sackett's  Harbor,  New  York, on  Black  River  Bay,  south  shore,  about 
ten  miles  from  Lake  Ontario  and  three  hundred  and  twenty  miles  from  the  Atlantic  coast,  in  lati- 
tude 43°  57' north,  longitude  76°  15' ;  barometric  height,  262  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  about  ten 
miles  southwest  from  the  city  of  Watertown,  six  miles  southwest  by  south  from  the  manufacturing 
village  of  Dexter,  eight  miles  northwest  from  Adams  Centre,  and  one  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the 
post-office,  in  the  village  of  Sackett's  Harbor. 

Quarters. — The  officers' quarters  consist  of  two  stone  buildings;  area  of  each,  6,605  square 
feet.  In  inch  building,  thirty-four  rooms,  including  kitchens,  and  over  the  rooms  attics  of  the  same 
dimensions.  They  are  in  very  good  repair,  the  ordinary  wear  and  tear,  such  as  painting,  &c,  hav- 
ing to  be  made  good  :  they  run  southeast  to  southwest,  fronting  toward  the  bay.  The  soldiers' 
barracks  consist  also  of  two  stone  buildings,  placed  at  right  angles  to  the  officers'  quarters,  one  on 
each  side;  area  of  each  S,790  square  feet.  They  are  so  constructed  as  to  accommodate  lour  com 
panics  each,  and  over  the  rooms  are  allies,  which  can  and  have  been  occupied  as  laundresses' 
quarters.  At  the  end  of  the  southeast  range  is  room  for  a  tilth  company,  but  the  attics  would 
require  to  be  used  as  quarters.  The  ordnance  sergeant'  quarters  is  a  wooden  building,  in  a  very 
dilapidated  condition,  not  repairable,  the  frame-work  rotten  and  worthless,  consequently  uninhab- 
itable. It  is  situated  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  ordnance  stoic  houses  :  area,  560  square  feet. 
Quarters  to  accommodate  four  laundresses  have  been  erected  during  the  past  year;  they  are  of 
wood,  containing  eight  rooms,  each  12  by  12,  but  are  without  wash  houses,  which,  if  built,  would 
make  the  houses  admirably  adapted  to  the  purpose  for  which  built. 

STORE  HOUSES. — The  quartermaster's  and  subsistence  store-houses  are  comprised  in  one  stone 
building;  area,  13,705  square  feet,  situated  close  on  the  lake  shore  and  fronting  the  officers'  quar- 
ters—the parade-ground,  552  by  152,  intervening.  This  building  was  erected  in  the  years  l838-'39, 
is  well  adapted  to  the  uses  for  which  originally  intended,  is  of  ample  size  to  accommodate  a  full 
garrison,  and  is  at  present  in  good  repair.  The  ordnance  store  houses  consist  of  three  wooden 
buildings  in  the  northwest  part  of  (he  reservation  ;  their  total  area  is  1,376  square  feet.  They  are 
in  very  poor  condition,  very  ill  adapted  to  a  post  like  this,  and  not  worth  repair-. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c— The  hospital  is  a  stone  building,  total  area  :;.:;i.">  square  feet, 
in  which  are  twenty  rooms,  consisting  of  wards,  kitchen,  bath  room,  surgery,  &c.     It  is  situated  at 


180  DESCRIPTION'S  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

the  northeast  limits  of  the  reservation,  about  50  feet  from  the  bay,  and  grounds  (about  three  acres) 
hare,  during  the  past  year,  been  inclosed  by  a  picket-fence,  at  a  cost  of  $150.  The  building  is  at 
present  in  good  repair,  requiring  painting  throughout,  authority  for  which  has  been  received  from 
the  War  Department. 

The  guard-house  and  prison  is  a  stone  building,  in  very  good  condition  ;  area.  '_'.  1  hi!  square  feet. 
It  is  very  commodious.  The  prison-room  is  32  by  20,  and  there  are  six  cells,  I  by  9  each.  The 
other  buildings  at  the  post  are  as  follows,  and  are  all  in  good  condition,  the  magazine  having  been 
erected  (of  brick  taken  from  that  at  the  old  fort — Pike)  within  the  past  year.  The  stable  and  barn 
may  be  said  to  be  new, having  been  thoroughly  overhauled:  Carpenter-shop,  wood.  24  by  30;  mag- 
azine, brick,  20  by  1  t;  smoke-house,  stone,  17  by  15;  stable  and  barn,  wood,  40  by  18;  coal  shed, 
wood, 42  by  24  ;  bake  house,  stone,  47  by  20  ;  engine-house,  wood,  18  by  25  ;  blacksmith  shop,  stone. 
lit  by  28;  stable  No.  2,  wood,  45  by  51 ;  wagon-shed,  w 1,  64  by  -1  ;  ice  house,  wood,  32  by  16. 

Supply-depots,  &C. — Supplies  can  be  furnished  from  any  of  the  lake  ports  as  far  west  as  Buf- 
falo, New  York,  bj  water.  Those  recently  furnished  have  been  from  New  York  City  and  Philadel- 
phia, Pennsylvania,  by  railroad  to  Watertown,  and  thence  to  the  post  by  Government  teams. 

SUBSISTENCE. — The  subsistence  at  the  post  is  good,  and  at  a  very  reasonable  valuation,  and  is 
principally  purchased  in  open  market  in  Watertown.  Large  quantities  of  gross  stores,  such  as 
pork,  beans,  and  peas,  were  left  by  the  Forty-second  Infantry  in  April.  1869.  Considerable  of  the 
pork  has  been  shipped  to  other  posts  dining  the  past  year.  Three  months'  supplies  are  kept  on 
hand  in  summer,  and  six  months'  supplies  secured  for  the  winter  season. 

Pi  el,  FORAGE,  and  WATER. — Fuel  and  forage  can  be  obtained  in  any  quantities  and  at  a 
reasonable  cost,  and  are  procured  under  contracts  made  by  the  district  chief  quartermaster  at 
Buffalo,  New  York.  Water  is  obtained  from  the  bay,  there  being  no  cisterns  or  reliable  wells  within 
the  garrison.  It  is  recommended  as  a  matter  of  economy,  to  say  nothing  ot  the  manual  labor  and 
accidental  loss  by  tire,  that  commodious  cisterns  be  erected  for  each  barracks. 

Communication. — Is  by  the  way  of  Watertown  by  stage,  ten  miles,  or  Adams  Centre;  also  by 
stage,  eight  miles,  a  railroad  is  projected  to  Watertown.  which,  it  is  believed,  will  be  built  within 
the  next  year. 

RESERVATION. — The  reservation  consists  ill  all  of  35  acres,:!  rods,  and 20  perches;  is  surrounded 
on  the  land  side  by  a  strong  stockade  of  cedar  posts,  pointed,  erected  in  1817,  and  was  purchased 
in  lots,  costs  unknown,  as  follows:  First  lot,  quantity  nAt  known,  July  1, 1813;  second  lot,  quantity 
not  known,  December  1,  1814;  third  lot,  quantity  not  known,  April  3,  1815;  fourth,  two  lots,  quan- 
tity not  known — these  two  lots  are  at  Navy  Point,  in  the  village  of  Sackett's  Harbor,  New  York — 
.May  4,  1810;  fifth,  111'  acres,  October  0,  1816;  sixth,  10  acres,  March  28,  1817. 

DESCRIPTION  of  COUNTRY,  &C— Around  the  post  are  most  excellently  cultivated  farms, 
although  of  contracted  area,  furnishing  everything  necessary  for  a  military  post ;  some  of  the 
farmers  devoting  their  attention  to  milk,  dairy,  and  cheese  factories:  others  to  the  cultivation  of 
hops,  the  former  predominating;  the  grazing,  however,  is  equal  to  the  necessities,  and  troops  can 
be  supplied  at  this  post  as  cheap,  if  not  far  cheaper,  than  at  any  oth»r  in  the  Division  of  the  Atlantic; 
timber  is  of  good  quality  and  in  considerable  quantity.  The  locality  furnishes  no  disease  not 
common  to  the  lake  region  generally,  such  as  catarrh,  consumption,  rheumatism,  bronchitis,  ami 
pneumonia.  The  following  is  taken  from  observations  in  1869:  Highest  average  temperature  in 
August,  C73..S0;  in  September,  83°;  lowest  temperature  in  December,  13°;  yearly  average,  43°.55; 
highest,  65°.91  ;  lowest,  22  .:;."i;  greatest  amount  of  rain,  October,  2.82  inches;  lowest,  January,  44 
inches.  Prevailing  winds,  January  to  March.  November,  and  December, north  and  northwest; 
other  months,  south  and  southwest. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  ]S1 

FORT  NIAGARA,  YOUNGSTOXE,   NTEW  YORK. 

(Established  by  the  French  (La  Salle)  in  L67S.    Captured  '>>  the  English  in  1759.    Surrendered  to 

and  occupied  by  the  United  Stairs  in  L796.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  .ll'I.Y  I  A,  1870,  BY  BREVET  BRIGADIER  GENERAL  R.  II.  JA(  KSON,  CAPTAIN,  FIRST 

ARTILLERY,  COMMANDING  POST. 

Location. — On  the  right  bank  of  the  Niagara  lliver,  al  its  mouth',  in  the  town  of  Porter, 
county  of  Niagara,  State  of  New  York.  Distance  from  Buffalo,  thirty-six  miles;  distance  from 
village  of  Toungstown,  (nearest  post-office,)  one  mile;  distance  from  village  of  Lewiston,  six  miles: 
distance  from  city  of  Lockport,  eighteen  miles.     Latitude  13    15'  nortb  ;  longitude  3°  10'  west. 

Quarteks. — Officers',  stone  building,  two  stories  high,  with  light-house  on  top,  90  feel  in 
length,  and  48  feet  wide,  live  rooms  assignable  as  quarters,  and  five  as  kitchens.  There  are  eighl 
small  rooms  or  closets  not  assignable;  building  very  old,  the  lower  story  built  in  the  seventeenth 
century.     It  is  utterlj  nntit  for  officers' quarters. 

Men's,  building  made  of  brick,  in  gOQd  repair,  two  stories  high,  I  I  I  feet  6  inches  long,  and  2J 
feet  wide;  capacity  for  one  hundred  men  ;  well  adapted  for  soldiers*  barracks. 

Laundresses',  and  ordnance  sergeant's,  temporary  frame  building,  in  good  repair,  51  feet  ■■■ 
and  30  feet  wide,  six  small  rooms. 

Store-houses. — One  building  known  as"old  barracks,'  134  feel  in  length  and  27  feel  wide, 
used  as  quartermaster's  store-house  and  office,  in  bad  repair,  and  cannot  be  made  any  better. 
Stone  building,  four  rooms  are  used  as  laundresses'  quarters;  total  number  of  rooms,  six.  One 
building,  known  as  southeast  block-house,  36  feet  square,  two  rooms  and  one  loft,  used  as  commis- 
sary store-house.  Heavy  stone  building  built  for  defence,  very  damp,  not  suitable  for  subsistence 
store-house.  One  building,  known  as  northeast  block-house,  precisely  similar  to  t  lie  one  just  described  ; 
used  as  carpenter-shop  and  store  room  for  lumber. 

Hospital,  guard-uousr,  &o. — Hospital,  frame  building;  class  temporary,  75  feet  long  and 

26  feet  wide;  capacity  for  about  twelve  beds.  Number  of  rooms  eight;  seven  of  them  are  very 
small;  badly  adapted  for  a  hospital  ;  very  cold  in  winter,  and  warm  in  summer. 

Guard-house,  a  new  frame  building,  32  feet  long  and  27  feel  wide,  six  rooms  and  six  small 
cells,  in  excellent  order,  and  well  adapted  for  a  guard  house. 

Barn  and  stables,  a  very  old  frame  building,  50  feet  in  length  and  30  feet  wide,  four  rooms ; 
stabling  for  six  horses,  and  storage-room  for  forage  for  them;  in  very  bad  repair.  Post  trader's 
store,  an  old  wooden  shanty.  30  feel  long  and  L8  feet  wide,  two  rooms  and  a  closet,  not  worth 
repairing;  should  be  torn  down.  Boat  shed,  an  old  unsafe  wooden  shed.  31  feet  long  and  1!>  feel 
wide,  recommended  to  be  torn  down.  Bake-house,  a  frame  building,  30  feet  long  and  20  feet  wide, 
two  rooms,  in  good  repair.  Old  bake  house,  part  stone  and  part  wooden  building,  38  feet  long  and 
21  feet  wide,  two  rooms;  used  in  storing  condemned  ordnance  stores;  only  refainel  on  account  of 
its  antiquity.     Built  in  eighteenth  century.     Adjutant's  office,  an  old  tumble-down   log  building, 

27  feet  long  and  18  feet  wide,  two  rooms — unsafe;  should  be  torn  down.  Magazine,  a  stone  build- 
ing, 51  feet  long  and  •">(>  feet  wide,  oue  room,  iu  very  good  repair — very  much  exposed.  Capacity 
for  the  storage  of  1,0(10  barrels  of  powder. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster's  depol  is  at  Buffalo,  New-  York;  the  nearest 
subsistence  depot,  Detroit,  Michigan.  Subsistence  stores  are  usually  purchased  in  the  eit\  of 
Buffalo.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  rail  from  Buffalo  to  Lewiston,  New  York,  and  by  wagon  from 
there  to  the  post. 

Subsistence. — Supplied  at  all  seasons,    six  months'  supply  of  subsis  stores  usually  kept 

on  hand. 

Fuel,  Forage,  and  water. — Fuel  is  purchased  by  contract — both  wood  and  coal.  The  wood 
is  cut  in  the  vicinity  of  Youngstown,  New  York.  Coal  generally  comes  1>\  schooner  from  Oswego, 
New  York.  Forage  purchased  by  contract.  On  account  of  the  large  quantity  of  hay  cut  this  year 
on  the  reserve  a  great  saving  of  both  hay  and  oats  was  made  for  the  Government.  Plenty  of 
water.  That  for  the  men's  barracks  is  pumped  into  the  building  from  a  well  in  the  cellar:  for  all 
other  buildings  il  is  carted   from  the  river. 


182        .  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Communication. — Between   the   post   ami   Youngstown  there  is  no  conveyance;    between 
Youngstown,  Lewiston,  and  Lockport,  by  mail-wagon;  and  between   Lewiston  and  Buffalo,  by  rail. 

Reservation. — It  is  supposed  that  the  reservation  has  been  declared  by  the  President  :  it 
consists  of  286  acres. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  COX  NTRY,  >\<'.— Northwestern  New  York  is  so  well  known  that  it  is  scarceh 
necessary  to  describe  the  nature  of  the  country.  The  eastern  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  from  the 
Niagara  River  to  the  month  of  the  Genesee,  for  a  width  of  seven  or  eight  miles,  is  a  rich  alluvial 
soil,  well  adapted  to  agriculture;  it  is  highly  cultivated  and  yields  large  crops;  it  is  a  tine  fruit 
growing  district.  Land  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post  sells  at  from  $150  to  $200  an  acre.  The  climate 
is  good,  a.  little  humid,  and  its  average  temperature  51°.  It  is  much  coolerin  summer  and  warmer 
in  winter  than  Buffalo,  Rochester,  Syracuse,  or  Albany;  this  of  course  is  attributable  to  its  situa- 
tion, as  before  described.  The  locality  is  very  healthy — have  not  had  a  man  sick  enough  to  go 
iido  hospital  for  the  last  six  months,  nor  is  there  much  sickness  among  the  inhabitants  of  the  con- 
tiguous villages. 


FORT  ONTARIO,  <  >SWEGO,  NEW  YORK. 

(Established. —  First  built  in  1755.  Captured  by  the  French  under  Montcalm  in  17-Vi:  rebuilt  by 
General  Amherst  in  1700.  Transferred  to  the  United  States  in  1 798.  Captured  by  the  English 
fleet  in  1814;  rebuilt  with  wood  in  1839;  commenced  to  rebuild  with  stone  in  1863.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JUNE   23,  1870,  BY  BREVET   LIEUTENANT   COLONEL  \V.  SILVEY,  CAPTAIN,  FIRST 

ARTILLERY,   COMMANDING  POST. 

LOCATION. — On  the  right  bank  of  Oswego  River,  at  its  mouth,  on  a  bluff,  some  fifty  feet  above 
Lake  Ontario  :  situated  in  the  city  of  Oswego.  Oswego  County,  State  of  New  York.  The  city  has 
twenty-five  thousand  inhabitants,  and  is  built  on  both  sides  of  the  Oswego  River — two  large  bridges 
connecting  the  portions  of  the  town.     The  post-office  is  Oswego,  New  York. 

Quarters. — Officers'  quarters,  within  fortification,  two  two-story  buildings,  built  of  blue  sand- 
stone, in  good  repair,  containing  each  eight  apartments  of  the  following  dimensions:  Two  rooms. 
To  l'eet  (i  inches  by  1  I  feet  8  inches;  two  rooms,  is  fed  6  inches  by  1  t  feci  o'  indies;  two  rooms. 
17  feet  .'!  indies  by  15  feel  (>  inches;  two  rooms,  1;)  feel  l!)  inches  by  15  feet  10  inches.  Exterior 
dimensions  of  each  building,  43  feet  1  inch  by  .".7  l'eet  1  inch.  Men's  quarters,  within  fort  ideation, 
one  two  story  building,  built  of  blue  sand  stone,  in  good  repair,  contain  four  apartments;  first  room, 
27  feet  5  inches  by  24  feet  I  inches;  second  room,  ."><>  feet  by  1*7  feet  7  inches;  third  room.  .">•">  feet 
by  27  feet  «.)  inches;  fourth  room, 35  feet  by  :l~,  feet  in  inches.  Exterior  dimensions,  ill  feet  9  inches 
by  39  feet.  Laundresses' quarters,  without  fortification,  one  one  storj  wooden  building,  containing 
one  apartment,  in  good  repair,  1!»  feet  •'!  inches  by  1!»  fed  .">  inches;  one  wooden  shed  attached  to 
the  above,  containing  one  apartment,  18  feet  by  1 1  feet.  Exterior  dimensions,  to  feet  (>  inches  by  31 
feet  6  inches.  One  one  story  stone  building,  in  good  repair,  coutaius  four  apartments ;  first  apart 
meat,  15  l'eet  11  inches  by  11  feel  7  inches;  second  apartment,  17  feet  2  inches  by  13  feet  ;  third 
apartment, !»  feel  1>\  s  feel  '2  inches;  fourth  apartment,  17  feet  .">  inches  by  13  l'eet  7  inches.  Exterior 
dimensions,  '■'<{  feel  •'!  inches  bj  •">-'  feel  .">  inches.  One  one  story  wooden  building,  in  good  repair, 
contains  three  apartments  ;  first  apartment,  Hi  feel  S  inches  by  7  i\-i'\  L0  inches ;  second  apartment, 
11  feel  5  inches  by  Hi  feet  10  inches  ;  third  apartment,  16  feet  3  inches  by  9  feet  •">  inches.  Exterior 
dimensions,  20  feel  1  inches  by  27  feet   '■',  inches.    One  one-storj  wooden   building,  unoccupied,  in 

u 1  repair,  contains  three  apartments;   first    apartment.  1!'  feet    !<•  inches  In    17  feet;  second 

apartment,  11  feet  I  inches  by  17  feet  ;  third  apartment,  13  feet  6  inches  bj  17  feet.     Exterior  dimen- 
sions, I.")  feel  in  inches  by  17  feel    in  inches.    Ordnance  sergeant's  quarters,  outside  fortification, 
one  one-storj    wooden  building,  in    good  repair,  containing  three  apartments;  first  apartment.  10 
feel  10  inches  by  1 7  feet  3  inches  ;  second  apartment,  12  feet    1<>  inches  bj  17  feel  3 ;  third  apart 
men l.  II  feet  8  inches  by  17  feel  3 inches.     Exterior  dimensions,  36  l'eet  s  inches  by  18  feel  *>  inches. 

Shirk  iti  >t  sks. — On  el  wo  si  or  \  building — commissary  store  house, guard -house,  and  quartermas- 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  183 

ter's  office,  within  fortification,  built  of  blue  sandstone,  and  in  good  repair,  contains  seven  a  purl 
incuts;  first  room,  12  feet  5  inches  by  9  feet  I  iucli;  second  room,  1:.'  feel  5  inches  by  6  feet  1  inch  : 
third  room,  15  ted  !i  inches  by  1:-'  lie!  !>  inches:  fourth  room,  Hi  lid  by  12  feel  7  inches;  fifth 
room,  15  feel  !»  inches  by  12  feet  7  inches,  used  as  guard  house,  prison  room,  &c. :  sixth  room,  26  feet 
s  inches  h\  23  feet  '.»  inches,  used  as  commissary  store  rooms;  seventh  room.  26  feet  S  inches  by  15 
feet  7  inches,  used  as  quartermaster's  office,  Exterior  dimensions  of  building,  13  feet  •">  inches  by 
30  feet.  Quartermaster's  store  house,  carpenter  and  bake  shop,  outside  of  fortification,  one  one- 
story  wooden  building,  in  good  repairs  containing  three  apartments,  as  follows:  first  apartment, 
21  feet  1  inch  by  I!'  feel  •'!  inches,  used  as  quartermaster's  store-houss;  second  apartment,  21  I 
1  inch  by  30  feel  9  inches,  used  as  carpenter  shop ;  third  apartment,  21  feet  1  inch  by  2S  feel  8 
inches,  used  as  bake-house.  Exterior  dimensions  of  building,  lid  feet  10  inches  by  22  feet  2  inches. 
Magazine,  within  fortification,  one  one  story  building,  built  of  blue  sandstone,  in  good  repair,  con- 
taining one  apartment,  II  feet  by  7  feel  1  inch.  Exterior  dimensions,  15  feet  2  inches  \<\  25  feel 
!  inch.  ( )rd nance  store  house,  outside  of  fort  ili cat  ions,  one  wooden  shed,  in  good  repair,  containing 
one  apartment,  7.j  feet  I  inches  by  •'!<»  feet  2  inches.  Exterior  dimensions,  75  feet  6  indies  by  32 
feel  II  inches. 

Hospital  g\  ard-iioi  si;. — The  hospital  is  a  frame  building,  situated  about  two  hundred  and 
fifty  yards  from  the  fort,  and  consists  of  a  central  building  of  two  stories  in  height,  containing,  on 

the  first  floor,  dispensary,  surgeon's  office,  store-n i,  mess  hall,  and  kitchen,  and  in  the  second 

story,  stew  aid's  quarters,  linen  rooms,  and  spare  looms.  The  wards  are  two  in  number,  one  on  each 
side  of  the  center  building,  having  a  capacity  for  leu  beds  each,  14  by  24  feet,  containing  water- 
closet,  bath-room,  and  attendants'  room.  The  building  is  rather  slight  for  this  climate,  and  is  uol 
very  perfectly  warmed.  The  guard  houses  are  two'  in  number,  one  on  each  side  of  the  sally-port, 
each  one  containing  prison  room.  The  dimensions  of  each,  1  1  feet  !>  inches  by  Hi  feet  1  inches,  built 
of  stone — not  deemed  suitable  for  the  purpose  of  their  construction.  Stables,  outside  of  fortifica- 
tion, one  wooden  building  one  story,  in  good  repair,  containing  one  apartment,  24  feet  1'  inches  by 
52  feet  10  inches.     Exterior  dimensions,  25   feet  3  inches  by  53  feet  11  inches. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — New  York'  city.  Winter  supplies  for  si\  months  kept  on  hand  :  other 
seasons,  three  months. 

Si  sistence. — In  pari  furnished  from  New  York  City,  and  a  portion  purchased  in  the  city  of 
<  >sw  ego,  New  York.  This  particularly  applies  to  the  purchase  of  flour,  as  the  city  islargely engaged 
in  the  manufacture  of  that  article. 

FUEL,  FORAGE,  AND  WATER. — "Wood  purchased  by  contract.  Coal  purchased  by  contract  in 
this  place,  obtained  from  mines  in  Pennsylvania.  Water  in  abundance  supplied  from  city  water- 
works. 

( JoMin  nication. — Bj  rail  and  water  with  all  portions  of  the  country. 

RESERVATION. — Declared  reservation  75  acres,  diminished  now  by  authority  given  to  two 
railroad  companies  to  pass  through  a  portion  of  it.  The  greater  portion  of  the  reservation  is  at 
present  merely  a  pasture  ground  lor  cattle  belonging  to  the  surrounding  inhabitants — all  attempts 
heretofore  made  to  keep  it  inclosedby  wooden  fence  having  proved  a  failure,  the  fence  being  gradu. 
ally  torn  down  and  carried  away  by  persons  unknown.  A  solid  stone  wall  should  be  built  surround- 
ing the  entire  reservation. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  country  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  post  is  rough 
and  not  favorable  to  farming  pursuits;  the  neighboring  counties  are  among  the  richest  in  the 
State.  All  the  grains  are  cultivated  here;  grass  is  largely  raised  for  the  purpose  of  hay  :  timber 
in  reasonable  quantity.  The  formation  of  the  country,  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  post,  is 
deemed  favorable  to  the  health  of  the  post.  Sandstone  is  the  chief  stone  in  the  vicinity,  and  ft 
this  .stone  the  fort  is  being  rebuilt.  The  climate  during  the  winter,  or  from  November  to  April,  is 
very  severe,  made  so  not  by  the  intense  cold  so  much  as  by  the  damp  northwest  winds  and  gales. 
Notwithstanding  the  severe  and  long  winter  the  health  of  this  place  is  above  the  average.  The  ton 
is  immediately  on  Lake  Ontario,  and  receives  the  full  force  of  the  prevailing  northwest  wind,  in 
some  years  the  full  of  snow  is  very  great.     Mean   temperature  for  186S.  47°.  60 ;  for  1S69,  48.    65. 


184  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

FORT  PORTER,  NEW  YORK. 

(Established,  date  unknown.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  SEPTEMBER  16,  1870,  BY  FIRST  LIEUTENANT  .mux   TYLER, FIRST  UNITED  STATES 

INFANTRY,  ACTING   ASSISTANT  QUARTERMASTER. 

Location. — Two  miles  north  of  the  post-office,  in  the  city  of  Buffalo,  New  York,  on  the  Niagara 
River.    Post-office,  Buffalo,  New  York. 

<)\  uitkks. — There  are  at  the  posi  one  commandant's  quarters,  one  surgeon's  quarters,  two 
sets  of  captains'  quarters,  andeight  sets  of  lieutenants, quarters — all  (except  house  of  commandant, 
originally  built  for  a  private  residence,)  of  wood — commandant's  house  of  stone.  There  are  also 
quarters  for  two  companies  of  infantry,  with  complement  of  laundresses.  The  company  quarters 
ran  eaeli  accommodate  comfortably  se\  enty  men  ;  have  mess-rooms,  kite-hens,  wash-room,  office,  and 
store-rooms  for  each  company,  and  are  builtof  wood  ;  condition  of  quarters  is  serviceable,  but  they 
are  of  inferior  kind  for  a  permanent  military  post  at  this  location. 

Store-houses. — There  is  but  one  storehouse  at  the  post  used  as  a  subsistence  and  quarter- 
master store-room  and  office — material  wood.  Dimensions  and  how  used  as  follows:  office,  15  A  feet 
bj  8,  9T3¥  feet  high ;  issuing  room,  subsistence  department,  20  by  19  feet,9T32  feet  high;  store-room, 
subsistence  department,  26J  by  19  feet,  9T32  feel  high;  quartermaster's  store-room,  26J  by  1 9  feet, 
l'<i',T  feet  high;  clothing,  camp  and  garrison-equipage-room,  29 by  19feet,6T95  feet  high:  its  condition  is 
good. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital,  material,  wood;  capacity,  ten  beds.  Dimensions 
of  ward-room,  Ul\  by  24,  12  feet  high;  having  office,  dispensary,  kitchen,  mess  room,  washroom 
matron's  room,  attendant's  room,  steward's  room,  and  store-room. 

Guard-house,  material,  stone ;  dimension  as  follows:  Outside,  30  bj  22,19  feet  high:  inside 
guard-room,  17  by  19  feet,  9  feet  high  :  two  prison  rooms,  respectively  10  by  17  and  19  by  15  each. 
8 ',"..  feet  high  :  one  cell-room,  15  by  19,  9  feet  high,  divided  into  six  cells,  each  <>/'.,  by  •'!,'.,  feet. 

.Stable,  of  wood,  62  by  30;  10  feet  high,  inside  measurement.  Ten  single  and  one  double  stalls; 
single  stalls  D  by  4;  double  stalls9by  9;  having  carriage  shed,  harness  and  hostler's  room  attached; 
and  hay  loft,  38  by  30  :  6  feet  high  ;  capable  of  storing  four  tons  of  hay  or  straw. 

Magazine,  material  brick,  29  ,;iL,  by  is,  outside :  divided  into  two  rooms,  respectively  11  by  15  and 
15  by  15.  Bakery,  carpenter,  blacksmith  shop,  and  coal  shed.  Sinks  adequate  tor  the  wants  of 
post.     Chapel  used  as  school-room  in  winter,  oO  by  30;    L6  feet  high. 

Si  I'i'i.v  DEPOTS,  &C. — Subsistence  stoics  are  for  the  most  part  purchased  in  Buffalo,  and  such 
as  are  not  obtained  there  are  supplied  from  the  subsistence  depot  in  New  York  City,  per  railroad. 
Fifty  days'  supplies  are  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Subsistence. — Quartermaster's  stores  are  obtained  from  New  York  depot  and  the  depot  quar- 
termaster at  Buffalo,  New  York,  as  required,  or  purchased  by  post  quartermaster.  Clothing  is 
received  from  the  military  store-keeper  at  Schuylkill  arsenal,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  usually 
in  the  fall  and  spring. 

Fuel,  FORAGE,  AND  WATER. — Coal  and  wood  arc  obtained  by  contract  in  the  Buffalo  market. 
Oats,  hay,  and  straw  are  obtained  by  contract  in  the  Buffalo  market.  Water  is  supplied  by  the 
Buffalo  City  Water- Works  Company;  quality  good. 

Communication.—  The  business  portion  of  the  city  of  Buffalo  is  accessible  every  few  minutes 
by  means  of  street  railroad  cars.     Communication  thence  by  rail  and  water  extensive  and  general. 

Ki,si;i;y  ITION. — Extent,  28.0658  acres.  The  ground  pertaining  to  the  post  is  not  a  reservation, 
the  General  Government  having  obtained  ownership  by  deeds  from  the  State  of  New  York,  and 
by  purchase  from  individuals. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  surrounding  country,  not  occupied  for  residences  or  for 
manufacturing  or  business  purposes,  is  highly  cultivated,  producing  fruits,  vegetables,  and  cereals 
in  great  quantities.  Timber  is  practically  exhausted,  except  on  opposite  side  of  Niagara  River,  in 
( Janada,  w  Inch,  in  case  of  war,  mighl  be  accessible.  The  location  is  believed  to  be  one  of  the  most 
healthful  to  be  found.  Climate  indicated  by  Ihe  following:  Average  temperature,  monthly  mean 
tor  ten  years,  Januarj  2C°.7,  February  26  .7.  March  31°.S  April  13°.5,  May  53  .8,  dune  65  .3, 
.lul\  71  .7.  August  690.5  September  61°.8,  October  19°.8,  November  39°.6,  December  29°4 
mean  47  V>. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  185 

FORT  WAYNE,  MICHIGAN. 

(Established  early  in  the  present  century,  but   has  been  changed  from  point   to  point  several 

times  until  it  was  fixed  at  its  present  site,  about  the  year  1840.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   SEPTEMBER  18,  1870,  BY  CAPTAIN  I.  D.  DE  III  SSY,  FIRST  INFANTRY,  COMMAND- 
ING POST. 

Location. — On  right  bank  of  Detroit  river,  in  latitude  1-  _•">'  north;  longitude  82°  58'  west  : 
two  and  a  half  miles  from  Detroit,  five  from  Lake  St.  Clair,  and  eighteen  from  Lake  Erie  :  is  580 
feet  above  level  of  the  sea.  The  nearest  post  office,  and  one  from  which  all  mail  is  received,  is  at 
Detroit,  Michigan. 

Quarters. — The  officers'  quarters  are  in  a  line  prolonging  the  east  front  of  the  fort  and  fa< 
the  river,  about  150  yards  from  southeast  bastion.  They  consist  of  four  two-story  frame  buildings, 
and  are,  with  the  exception  of  the  commanding  officer's  quarters,  of  e^  ery  inferior  construction,  being 
in  most  cases  deficient  in  light  and  ventilation;  are  incommodious,  and  during  the  winter  months 
excessively  cold — owing  partly  to  defective  construction  and  partly  to  being  two  feet  above  the 
ground.  To  each,  excepting  the  commanding  officer's,  there  is  a  common  entrance,  each  leading  to 
two  or  more  sets  of  quarters.  The  rooms  are  all  under  regulation  size,  averaging  from  10  to  14  feet- 
square,  and  are  heated  by  grates. 

The  barracks  are  situated  within  the  fort  and  consist  of  one  stone  building,  three  stories  high, 
ISO  by  30  feet  0  inches  wide;  it  is  divided  into  five  sets  of  company  quarters,  each  set  being  sub- 
divided into  squad-rooms,  mess  rooms,  kitchen,  &c.  The  building  is  well  ventilated,  heated  by 
stoves  and  is  comfortable.  It  was  built  in  ISIS,  and  is  now  in  good  condition.  Laundresses'  quarters 
are  outside  the  fort,  and  are  two  frame  buildings,  one  story  high — one  20  by  1 1  feet,  the  other  80  by 
10  feet — condition  fair. 

STORE-HOUSES. — The  commissary  and  quartermaster  storehouse  is  a  large  frame  building,  one 
and  a  half  stories  high,  250  by  20  feet;  is  divided  above  into  one  storeroom  75  by  26  feet,  hay-loft 
and  forage  bins;  below  into  commissary  store-room,  55  by  26  feet,  quartermaster  store-room,  20  l>y 
20  feet,  stables  for  public  and  private  animals,  and  carriage  shed.  This  building  is  substantially 
built,  and  is  in  good  condition. 

Hospitals,  guARD-HOUSE,  &c. — Eospital — a  frame  building,  one  story  high,  raised  above  the 
ground,  120  feet  6  inches  by  24  feet,  surrounded  by  a  porch  11  feet  high,  and  S  feet  wide.  This  building 
islighted  and  ventilated  by  thirty-three  windowsand  five  doors;  has  one  large  ward,  73  by  23  by  1"> 
feet,  giving  22,000  cubic  feet  of  air  space,  and  occupied  by  twenty  beds;  has  also  two  store-rooms 
and  bath-room,  one  wash-room  and  one  reading  room,  a  dispensary  and  an  office.  It  has  two  lateral 
wings  slightly  detached  from  the  building,  one  used  as  a  kitchen,  mess-room,  &c,  the  other  as 
quarters  bj-  the  hospital  steward.  The  whole  has  been  recently  repaired  and  painted  at  an  expense 
of  $3,000,  and  is  in  admirable  condition. 

Guard-house — is  a  very  strong  frame  building,  one  story  high,  54  by  30  feet,  has  a  full-length 
porch,  Sfeet  high  and  S  feet  wide — contains  a  guard-room,  room  for  general  and  one  for  garrison  pris- 
oners, and  four  cells,  well  ventilated,  heated  by  stove  and  is  in  very  good  condition.  Non-commis- 
sioned staff  and  band  quarters — one  story  frame  building,  150  by  1  1  feet,  facing  west  side  of  parade — 
vacant  and  in  good  condition.  Quartermaster's  office — one-story  frame  building,  50  by  20  feet. 
south  side  of  parade— is  in  very  good  condition.  Library  and  school-room — one-story  frame  build- 
ing, 02  by  20  feet,  with  porch  on  one  side — in  good  condition.  General  court-martial  rooms — one 
story  frame,  100  by  20  feet — in  good  condition.  Chapel — one-story  frame  building,  44  by  24  by  15 
feet,  vestry-room  attached,  10  feet  square,  capable  of  accommodating  one  hundred  people — condi- 
tion good.  Ice-house — one  story  frame  building,  30  by  20  feet,  capacity  240  tons — filled  each  winter 
with  ice  cut  from  the  Detroit  river  by  the  command.  Blacksmith-shop — a  one-story  frame  building, 
15  by  12  feet — very  old  but  suitable  for  its  purpose.  Carpenter-shop — one-story  frame  building. 
40  by  20  feet — in  good  condition.  Paint-shop,  saddle-shop,  &c. — a  frame  building  of  same  dimen- 
sions. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Chicago. 
Illinois.    Six  months' supply  of  quartermaster  stores  are  i  ly  kept  on  hand. 


18(3  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Subsistence. — The  subsistence  stores  for  this  post  are  purchased  in  the  Detroit  market  by 
the  chief  commissary  of  the  department,  and  furnished  to  the  post  as  required. 

"Fuel,  forage,  and  water. — Contracts  for  furnishing  the  post  with  fuel  and  forage  are 
made  by  the  chief  quartermaster  of  the  department.  Water  for  the  post  is  obtained  from  the 
Detroit  River. 

Communication.— With  Detroit  by  water,  rail,  and  teams. 

Reservation. — Consists  of  63  acres  of  land  purchased  by  the  United  States. 

Description  or  country,  &c. — The  country  in  the  vicinity  of  the  fort  is  about  a  dead  level, 
and  presents  the  same  physical  characteristics  of  the  Michigan  peninsula. 


FORT    WTLKINS,   MICHIGAN. 

(Established. — There  is  no  record  at  the  post  showing  date.     The  magazine  bears   the  inscrip- 
tion 1844.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JULY  7,  1870,  I'.Y   BREVET  MAJOE    FERGUS  WALKER,  CAPTAIN,  FIRST  INFANTRY, 

COMMANDING  POST. 

Location. — Northern  peninsula  of  Michigan.  Latitude  47°  30'  north,  and  longitude  88°  west, 
about  one  and  one-half  miles  east  of  the  village  of  Copper  Harbor,  at  which  place  there  is  a  post- 
office. 

Quarters. — For  officers,  three  buildings,  containing  seven  sets  of  quarters.  Tor  men,  two 
buildings,  65  by  21  feet  each,  suitable  for  one  company;  two  kitchens  with  mess-room-.  _V,  1>\  21 
feet  each,  and  four  buildings,  30  by  11\  feet  each,  containing  eight  rooms  for  married  men  and 
laundresses.     All  log  and  frame  buildings,  in  fair  condition,  needing,  however,  constant  repairs. 

Store-houses. — One  two  story  frame  building,  47  by  24  feet,  used  for  storing  quartermaster's 
property  and  clothing,  camp  and  garrison  equipage,  on  upper  floor,  and  subsistence  stores  on  lower 
floor;  this  store-house  is  poor  and  somewhat  dilapidated.  One  log  building,  30J  by  23|  feet,  used 
for  storing  straw,  shingles,  &c. ;    in  poor  condition. 

HOSPITAL,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C. — Hospital,  one  one  story  log  and  frame  building,  33  by  22 
feet,  containing  one  ward-room,  one  dispensary,  and  one  store  room,  with  kitchen  and  wood-shed 
attached,  condition  fair.  Guard-house,  one  one-story  log  and  frame  building,  25  by  31  feet,  con- 
taining one  guard-room,  one  prison-room  and  three  cells,  condition  fair.  Stable,  one  log  building, 
39  by  24  feet,  with  loft  for  hay,  condition  poor.  Carpenter-shop,  two  log  and  frame  buildings, 
condition  fair.  Lake-house,  one  log  building,  24  by  104  feet,  condition  very  poor.  Magazine,  built 
of  stone,  arched  and  shingled.  l.'U  by  13  feet,  in  good  order.  lee-house,  10  by  1'U  feet,  in  fair 
order. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Supplies  are  received  by  requisition  on  the  chief  quartermaster  and 
chief  commissary  of  subsistence  of  the  department,  at  Detroit,  Michigan.  The  post  can  be  supplied 
onlj  by  lake  transportation  during  the  shipping  season,  about  six  months  in  the  year. 

Subsistence. — One  year's  supply  kept  on  hand.     Fresh  meat,  on  the  hoof. 

Fuel,  FORAGE,  am)  water. — Fuel  is  purchased  under  contract,  at  $6  per  cord ;  there  is  a 
good  supplj  of  fuel  in  the  neighborhood,  forage  is  supplied  on  requisition  by  chief  quartermaster 
and  chief  commissary  at  Detroit.  Water  is  abundant,  the  garrison  being  nearly  surrounded  by 
water. 

Commi  nication. — The  nearest  town  of  importance  is  Marquette,  distance  from  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles.  There  is  a  telegraph  station  at  Eagle  Liver,  about 
twenty-five  miles  from  this  post.  Communication  is  by  lake  steamers  during  navigation.  No 
communication  in  winter,  excepl  bj  mail. 

Reservation. — There  being  no  record  on  tile  at  this  post  relative  to  the  date  this  reservation 
was  declared  by  the  President,  positive  information  cannot  be  furnished  as  to  the  correct  date. 
The  reservation  is  about  one  and  one  hall  miles  long,  and  one-third  mile  w  ide. 

Description  of  coi  ktry,  &c— Soil,  rocky  ;  productions,  copper;    timber,  abundance  of 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  L87 

bard-wood ;  the  quality  of  timber  for  building  purposes  is  uol  of  a  desirable  quality  in  the  immedi- 
ate vicinity;  grass,  nothing  of  the  shape  of  pasture  in  this  vicinitj  ;  no  hay  is  raised  here.    Cli 
mate,  during  summer  season,  mild;  during  winter   season,  liable   t"   extremes  of  temperature. 
Average  temperature,  41°  F.     Lucidity  very  healthy. 

This  post  is  objectionable  but  in  one  respect,  that  of  the  impossibility  of  its  being  relieved,  or 
the  troops  garrisoning  it  removed  during  the  winter  months.  The  garrison  is  completely  isolated 
from  the  outside  world  from  early  in  November  until  late  in  April,  and  sometimes  until  late  ill 
May,  during  which  time  navigation  ceases  and  communication  is  then  carried  on  only  by  mail, 
which  is  carried  by  men  who  travel  on  snow  shoes. 


MILITARY  DIVISION  OF  THE  MISSOURI. 


MILITARY  DIVISION  OF  THE  MISSOURI. 


The  military  division  of  the  -Missouri  was  established  in  August,  1806,  and  placed  under  the 
command  of  Lieutenant  General  Sherman,  who  was  succeeded  by  Lieutenant  General  Sheridan. 
The  State  of  Arkansas,  which  then  formed  a  part  of  it,  was  separated  from  it  in  March,  1807.  and 
in  March,  1869,  the  State  of  Illinois  and  post  of  Fort  Smith,  Arkansas,  were  added  to  it;  since 
that  time  the  boundaries  of  the  division  have  been  unchanged.  lis  general  extent  is  from  Britisb 
America  on  the  north  to  Mexico  on  the  south,  and  from  the  Mississippi  River  on  the  easi  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains  on  the  west.  It  comprehends  the.  military  departments  of  the  Missouri,  of  the 
Platte,  and  of  Dakota,  comprising  the  States  of  Kansas,  Missouri,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  and 
Minnesota  ;  and  the  Indian,  Xew  Mexico,  Colorado,  Utah,  Wyoming,  Montana,  and  Dakota  Terri- 
tories, and  contains  within  its  limits  the  tribes  of  Indians  enumerated  in  the  following  table,  com- 
piled from  the  report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs  for  L868.  The  estimate  is  believed. 
however,  to  be  considerably  in  excess  of  the  actual  numbers.  See  partial  estimates  of  the  Peace 
Commission,  of  Brevet  Brigadier  General  Sweitzer,  and  of  Brevel  Major  General  Sykes. 

Estimates  of  population  of  various  Indian  tribes  in  the  militart/  division  oj  tlu  Missouri. 


Iribi  -. 


KOKTHERH  SUPEKIXTEXDJ 

iKebraska  and  Dakota  I 

Winnebagoes 

I  Imabas 

i  ittoes  and  Missourias 

Pawnees 

Sacs  and  Foxes,  of  Missouri 

fowas 

Brule  and  Ogallala  Sioux 

Cbeycnnes 

I^rapaboes       

SioUX    


CENTB  U.  SUPEEIXTEXDEXCY. 

(Kansas,  Eastern  Colorado,  and  Western 
m  Territory.) 

Pottawatomies 

Sacs  and  Foxes,  of  the  Missouri 

( Ihippewas  and  Munsees 

Osage  River  Agency  Indians    

Sbawneea 

Debvwarea 

11   i     * 

'Jiia  |  >aws 

Senecas  and  Shawnees 

Senecas 

Kansas  or  Knws 

Kickapooa 

Ottawas 

Kiowas  and  Comancbes 

Arapaboes - 

Apacbes 


700 

1  n 
. 

I     J! 
Ill 

121 


1  .  male 


5  !2 

'331 

1,613 

U 

125 


002 
318 
32 
98 
320 


874 

I  in 
inl 
46 
"J7~, 
114 


Total 


993 
375 
52 
186 
329 


1,616 
111 
II  I 
55 
264 
125 


1,512 
i  002 
471 
: 

82 
246 

I.  800 
750 

1,304 


south  ii;  v. 
[Indian  Vei  ritory  I 

Creeks 

<  ;.<  rot  eea   

Choctaws 

Chickasaws 

Serninoles ' 

WichitaS    

Keecbies 

Wacoea 

Tawaecarra* 

i  laddoes  and  [onies  - 

Sbawnees ■ 

ires 

Other  Indian-,  belonj  ing  to  tribes,  bu1 
not  befoi  e  connti  d       -  ■ 


693 

84 

284 

6411 

I  052 

3,490 

281 

205 

101 

:,39 

269 

2  0 

4,  000 

2,800 

too 


17.  442 


Total 


NEW   MEXICO    SI  V,  It]     ' 


Narajoes 

ilouacbe  Utes 

Jicarilla  Apacbes. 

Capote  Utes ; 

Weminncbe  Utes 

Pueblos - 

Mescalero  Apacbes  and  M 
Captivea  in  peonage 


COLORADO    SLTF.KIMF.M'KN'  V. 


Tabeqnache  Utes 

I  ,■  ;nl  [  i\  or  !  mtab  I  i 


Hale. 


900 
127 

;xi 
61 

•  j 

■-ii,: 

307 

34 


4',, la! 


l.ooo 

153 

67 

71 

85 

264 

313 
4^ 


239 

HI 


311 
437 


12,003 

i  :  mii, 

1,900 

>S0 
123 
13.7 
i:7 
180 
6  0 


l.Ol  11 


-  

B7fl 

n 

506 
-,  000 

750 
•.',  000 





192 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  TOSTS  AND  STATIONS. 


Estimates  of  population  of  various  Indian  tribes  in  the  military  division  of  lie  Missouri — Continued. 


Tribes. 

Male. 

l  emale. 

Total. 

Tribes. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

DAKOTA   SL  I'ERIX  l'KNDEXC  Y. 

.-mi 
1,  [25 

375 

COO 
1 ,  530 

360 
1,200 

490 
1,500 
1,500 
1,204 

800 
1, 125 

3:5 

600 
1,530 

300 
1,200 

4-7 
1,500 
1.  500 
1,296 

1,600 

■J,  250 
750 

1,200 

3,  060 

7-iO 

'J,  400 

977 

3,000 

3,000 

2,500 

1,637 

1,500 

400 

400 

'J,  i.lii 

2  3^0 

1 1  ids  Ventres  

• 

3,000 

5,000 

Total 

19,  360 

UTAH  SUFEItrSTENDENCr. 

2,  01  0 

1,  Mill 

"Western  Shosliones 

2,  000 

1,500 

Utahs 

15,300 

2,  400 

i\t>i:i'i:ni>e\t  agencies. 
Chippewas : 

'J,  166 

Pillager  and  "Winnebagoshish 

1,899 

28,  034 

1  1-:: 

Total 

• 

Wandering  bands : 

HON  r.VNA   SITEKIXTEXHEXCY. 

300 
1,500 

:.:•  0 
4,  200 

26  1 

700 

650 

Blactfeet 

]--   105 

Partial  estimate  by  peace  commtwioners,  of  the  population  of  most  of  the  tribes  enumerated  in  the  foregoing  table,  from  report 

dated  January  7,  1  368. 


Tribes. 


Population. 


Chi  rokees 

Cr<  eks 

<  'li'irtaw  B 

1  tiickasawa 

Seminoles 

9 

."Wicbitas,  (various  tribes) 

Kiowas  and  Comancb.es 

1     1  . '  lines.  Arapaliof  s,  and  Apai  bea 

Pottawatomles 

Kansas  Indians,  (various  tribes) 

Navajoea 

Yankton  Sioux  

Poncas 

Lower  Brule 

Lower  Yanktonnaia 

Two  Kettles 

Blackfeet 

Minuecorjoiis 

Oncpapas  

Ogallalas  

Upper  STanktonnais 


Tribes. 


Sans  Arcs  .- 

Arickarees 

Gros  Ventres 

Mandana 

Assinaboines 

Flatheads 

Upper  Pend  d'<  Ireilles    . 

Kootenays  . .. ." 

Blackfeet 

Piegans 

Bloods  

Gros  Ventres 

Crows 

Winnobagoes 

Omalias 

Ottoes 

Brule  and  Ogallala  Sioux. 
Northern  Cheyenne*. . . . 
Northern  Arapahoi 
San  tee  Sioux 

Gland   total 


Population. 


680 
5C0 
400 

400 
6-10 
55» 

91a 

150 
B70 
150 
500 
900 
750 
998 
511 
8G5 

eoo 

750 

.:  i0 


139,562 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AM)  STATIONS. 


!93 


Kutimated  population  of  tribes  in   the  department  of  the  VlatU   am)  vicinity,  September  I-.  1869,  bij  Brevet  Brigadier  General 
Sweitzer,  <i<iii><i  assistant  inspector  general  of  the  department,    f  These  tribi  i  an  inchtded  in  foregoing  tables.) 


Tribes 

Population. 

Total.                                       Tribi 

Population. 

3,  000 



1,700 
130 

■:.  (inn 

1    0 

j   100 

:,.  urn 

Brule  Sioux  : 

780 

•iln 

1,200 

1 

060 
240 
180 

■J,  :.nn 
3,000 

3  i 

7.-.II 

Eastern  tTtes 

800 
41  in 

500 
400 

i  In 

t  tgallala  Sinus : 

Fish  Ctes. 

CutOffa 

1,500 

;,,  mill 

1   i,ii  i 

700 

:    1  In 

\i  esu  ni.  soutnern,  anu  central  Lites 

i-an-v  enta 

Pah-Edea 

Pah-Utoa 

Suns  Area       . ... 

Pah-Ranagates 

Arapahoca 

120 

Mill 

Extreme  South 

8,  -im 

1  500 

i.  ;,uii 

720 
900 

Medicine  Mnn 

( lolorado  Ut<                       oil   department   of 

( !heyennes : 

600 
300 

Estimated  population  of  Indians  in  the  district  ></  Minnesota ,  (Minnesota  and  Eastern  Dakota*)     Memwandvin  of  Brevet  Major 
(tan  i<rt  George  A.  Sykes,  Dect  <"l><  r  13,  1869.     I  AUo  included  in  foregoing  tahJes.  I 


Ti  ili.  - 


<  Ihippewas 

Cliippewas 

Cliippewas 

Cliippewas 

Cliippewas 

Cliippewas 

<  ihippewas 

Lake  Superior  Agency 

'  ihippewas 

Cliippewas 

Chippewaa 

Sioux 

Sioux 

Sioux 

Sioux  . 


Total 


1'.   Hid. 


Location, 


Strength. 


Mississippi „ White  Dak  Point 


White  Earth... 
Lake  Winnebag 
Leech  Lake  . . . . 


ishish 


Mississippi 

Pillagers 

Pillagers 

Pillagers Cass  Lake 

Red  Lake Red  Lake 

Pembina Pembina 


Grand  Portage Net  Lake 

Fond  du  Lac Net  Lake 

Bois  Fort Xet  Lak  e 

Sisseton  and  Wahpeton Fort  Wadsworth  Resei 

Sisseton Fort  Tot  ten  Reservation 

Wahpeton Fort  Totten  Resi 

Sisseton  and  Wahpeton,  (Standing 

Buffalo's  band) Turtle  Mount 

Sisseton  and  Wahpeton Fori  Ransom 


2,  000 

1,058 
929 

312 

363 
1,094 
1   164 

515 


Disposition    toward 
the  Government. 


Friendly. 

1   i  U  ml!  , 

Frirmlh  . 
Friendly. 

Friendly. 
Friendly. 
Friendly. 
Friendly. 
Friendly. 
Friendly. 


183     Hostile. 
60     Friendly. 


194 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 


INDIAN  SITK1UXTENDENTS  AND  AGENTS  IN  THE  MILITAKV  DIVISION  OF  THE  MISSOURI. 


Nairn-  ami  other-.. 


XOUTHEBX  SUPEBINTENDENCY. 


N. ■  oi  agent  3 


Post-office  address. 


Name  of  tribes. 


Samuel  M.  Janney,  superintendent Northern  superintendence     Omaha,  Nebr. . . 

Thomas  Lightfoot,  agent Great  Nemaha  Care  of  superintendent 

Edward  Painter,  agent       - '  Omaha do -. — 

Howard  White,  agent.        Winnebagoes do 

Jacob  M.  Troth,  agent. ...  .     Pawnee do 

Albert  G.  Green,  agent Ottoe do 

A  sa  M.  Janney,  agent Santee  do 


CEXTBAX  SUTERIXTKXDEXCY. 


Enoch  Hoag,  superintendent Central  superiutendency..   Lawrence,  Kans. 

Joel  IT.  Morris,  agent 

Reuben  L.  Roberts,  agent    

Thomas  Miller,  agent . .... 


Mahlon  Stubbs,  agent . 
•James  Stanley,  agent  . 

John  P.  Miles,  agent  . . . 
Isaac  T.  Gibson,  agent 


Lawrie  Tatum,  agent 

Brinton  Darlington,  agent 

SOUTHERN  SUPEBINTENDEXCY. 

Bvt,  Maj.Gen."W.B.Hazen,TT.S.A.1  sup  t 
Brevet  Major  J,  N.  Craig,  V.  S.  A.,  agent. . 
Captain  F.  A. Field,  U.S.  A.,agent 


Pottawatomie Care  of  superintendent 

Shawnee do , 

Sax  and  Fox do , 


Kansas. do  . 

Osage  River. do  . 


Kickapoo 

Neosho 

Kiowa  and  Comanche  . . 

CTpper  A  rkausas    ...... 


.do. 
.do 


do 

do    


Captain  George  T.Olmstead,  U.S.  A.t  agent    ..   . 

<  laptain  X.  A.  Baldwin,  I*.  S.  A.,  agent 

NEW  MEXICO  SUPERINTEXDEXCY. 

Major  William  Clinton,  1T.  S.  A.,  superintendent. 


Lieutenant  J.  B.  Hanson,  agent.. 

Captain  F  T.  pennt  tt,  V.  S.  A.,  agent 

Lieutenant  A.  S.  B.  Keyes,  U.  S.  A.,  agent 

Lieutenant  A.  G.  Henuissi  e, U. S.  A.,  agent... 
Lieutenant  Charles  E.  Drew,  U.  S.  A.,  agent  . . 
Lieutenant  Charles  L.  Cooper,  U.  S.  A.,  agent 
Lieutenant  George  E.  Ford,  U.S.  A.,  agent  .  . 


Sunt  hern  superiutendency.   Fort  Scott,  Ivans 

Cherokee 1  Fort  Gibson 

I  'nek Clerk    agency,    Indian 

Territory. 
Choctaw  and  Chickasaw. ..   Boggy  Depot,  Choctaw 

I      nation. 
Seminole Wewoka,    Seminole 

!      country. 

New  Mexico  superintend-    Santa  Fe  X.  Mex 

elicy. 

Abiquiu Care  of  superintendent. 


Indians  in  Nebraska. 

lowas,  Sacs  and  Foxosof  Missouri 

Omahas. 

Winnebagoes. 

Pawnees. 

Ottoes  and  Missonxias. 

Santre  Sioux. 


Indians  in  Kansas. 

Pottawatomies. 

Shawnees. 

Sacs  and  Foxes  of  the  Missouri,  Ottawas 
and  Chippewa*  and  Christians  or 
Munsees. 

Kansas  or  Kaws. 

Miamies,  Confederated  Kaskaskias,  Pe- 
orias,  Piankeshaws,  and  Weas. 

Kickapoos. 

Osages,  Seneeas,  Senecasand  Shawnees, 
and  Quapaws. 

Kiowas,  Comanche s  and  Shawnees.  <  lad- 
does,  Wichitas,  and  others. 

\  rapahoes  and  1  !hej  ennes. 


Navajo 

Cimarron 

Mescalero  Apaches 

Gila  Apacbe ...do 

Pueblo do 

Pueblo  -  -  -         ! do 


COLORADO  SUPERIXTENDEXCY. 

E.  M.  McCook,  go^  ernoi  and  ex-officio  sup't . 

Captain  W.  If.  Merrill,  U.  S.  A.,  agent 

Lieutenant  c.  T.  Speer,  I".  S.  \..  agent 


l  TAN    Sn-EIIINTKNI'I  Ni  \ 

Bvt.  Col.  J.  E.Tourtellotte,  U.S  A.,  superintend'! 

1  i'  !ii n!  <  feorge  W.  <  Eraffam,  U.S.  A., agent   . .. 

H  fOMBffG   BUrERrXTENDEN'CY. 


J.  A.  Campbell,  got  ernor  and  ex-officio  sup'l   ... 
Lieutenant  G.  M.  Fleming,  U.S.A      pecial 

DAKOI  \   Bl  PERIS  1  1  SD]  S*  1  . 

John  A.  Burbankj  governor  and  ex-officio  sup't 

Captain  W.  Broatch,  c.  s.  A.  agent. 

[Jrevel  Major  William  II.  Hugo,  U.  S,  A.,  agent 

Captain  W.  H.  French,  jr.,  U.S.  A.,  agent 

Captain  Dc  Witt  C.  Poole  I",  s.  \.,  agent 


Colorado  superintendent  3      Denver,  Colorado  Ter. . 

Conejos Cure  of  governor,  &c_. 

Dem  er.....  do 

Utah  BUporintondency —   Sail  Lake  City 

r  in  tab  Valley Care  of  superintendent 


Wyomingsuperintendcnc.-y   Cheyenne  Citj  -- 

Fori  Bridger Care  of  governor,  &c. 


Dakota  super  in  tendency  .     Yankton    

Yankton  sious  ...     -   Care  of  superintendent 

Ponca ' <*o 

Ci'iu  Creek ' do 

Whetstone  Creek ' do 


Tribes  in  Indian  Country. 

Cherokee-, 

('reeks. 

( thoctaws  and  Chickasaw  a. 

Seminoles. 

Tribes  in  New  Mexico. 

Capote  and  Wemiuuche  Utes. 

Navajoes. 

Maquocbe  Utes  and  Jicarilla  Apache 

Mescalero  Apachea 

Gila  Apaches. 

Pueblos. 

Pueldos, 


Various  tribes  in  i Colorado. 

Tabequache  Utes 

Grand  River  and  I  intali  Utc 


Various  tribes  in  Utah. 
Utabs,  Pah-Edes,  Pab-Utes, 


tribes  in  V;  y:  mm.  It  1 1  it;  ;  5 . 
East  Bannacks  and  Shoshone*. 


1 1  lin  9  in  Dakota 

Yankton  Sioux, 

Poncas. 

Sioux. 

Sioux. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  ANI>  STATION'S.  195 

Indian  superintendents  and  agents  in  the  military  division  of  tin  Missouri— Continued. 


Names  and  offices. 


Captain  Walter  Clifford,  U.S.  A., agent  

Brevet  Major  J.  A.  Hearn,  U.S.  A.,  special  agent 
BvtMaj.  Geo.  M.  Randall,  U.S.  A  .  special  agent 
Jared  W".  Daniels,  agent 


MONTANA    SI  1'I'lilM  I  SDEX<  * 

I'.vt.  Brig.  Gen.  Alfred  Sully,  V.  S.  A.,  sup  t 

Brevet  Major  A.  S.  Galbreath,  V.  S.  A.,  agent 

Lieutenant  W.  35.  Pease,  "U.S.A.,  agent    

Captain  E.M.Camp,  U.  S.  A.,  agent 


INDEPENDENT    AGENCIES. 


Captain  George  Atcbeson,  D".  S.  A.,  ag<  nt 

Lieutenant  F.  D.  Garretty,  XJ.  S.  A.,  special  agent 


Name  of  agency . 


Upper  Missouri  . 

Grand  River 

( Iheyenne  Riv<  r 
Sisseton 


Montana  superintendeucy. 

Clal  Head 

Blackfeet 

(Vinv 


!' Bc<  addi  i  ■■■ 


Nairn     i  tril-  s. 


i  lareoJ  superintendent     Assiuaboim  s,  Arickarees,  and  others. 

do Sioux. 

di> Sioux. 


i  are  of  Bishop  Whip 
pie   Faribault,  Minn. 


Chippewa  . .. 
Sac  and  Fox. 


Helena    Montana 

( lare  of  superintendent. 

do 

do   


Chippewa  agency 
Toledo,  Cowa   . 


Sisseton  anil  SVa  lipetoo  Sioux. 

Cribes  iii  Montana. 
Flat  Heads,  ami  others. 
Blackfeet  Nation. 

Mountain  '  'n*w  S. 


Chippewas  of  the  Mississippi 

Sac  and  Fox  of  Iowa. 


DEPARTMENT    OF    THE    MISSOURI. 


POSTS    DESCRIBED. 


U-buckle,  1  'nit,  Indian  Ten  itorj  . 
Bascom,  Fortj  New  Mexico. 
Bayard,  Fort,  New  Mexii  o. 
Craig,  Fort,  New  Mexico. 
Cnnimings,  Fort,  New  Mexico. 
I  »odge,  Fort,  Kansas. 
Garland,  Fort.  Colorado  Territory. 
Gibson,  Fort,  Indian  Territorj  . 
Harker,  Fort,  Kansas. 
Hays,  Fort,  Kansas. 
Lamed,  Fort,  Kansas. 
Leavenworth,  Fort,  Kansas. 
Lyon,  Fort,  *  lolorado  Territory  . 


McRea,  Fort,  New  Mej  ii  u 
Reynolds,  Fort,  Colorado  Territoi 
Riley,  Fort,  Kansas. 
Selden,  Fort.  New  Mexico. 
Sill,  Fort,  Indian  Territorj  . 
Smith,  Fort,  Arkansas. 
stanton,  Fort.  New  Mexico. 
Supply,  Camp,  Indian  Territory. 
Union,  Fort,  New  Mexico. 
Wallace,  Fort,  Kansas. 
Wingate,  Fort.  New  Mexico. 
Zarah,  Fort,  Kansas, 


FORT  ARBUCKLE,   INDIAN  TERRITORY 


(Established  1851.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    \i\   MAJOR   JAMES    I'.  ROY,   SIXTH    INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  I860,  THE   COMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  34°  27';  longitude  from  Greenwich.  97c  OH'.  Post-office  at  the  post. 
The  post  is  situated  in  the  Chickasaw  Nation.  Sherman,  Texas,  one  hundred  miles  distant,  the 
nearest  town  or  settlement. 

QUARTERS. — For  four  companies  of  eighty  or  one  hundred  men  each,  built  of  logs  at  the  time 
the  post  was  established ;  condition,  decayed,  tumbling  down,  and  without  windows:  mot's  leaky. 
Officers'  quarters,  six  sets,  logs  and  frame,  old,  rotten,  and  leaky. 

Store-houses. — One  hundred  feel  by  10;  capacity,  38,400  cubic  feet;  new  and  in  good 
condition. 

Eospital,  gi  lrd-house,  &c— Hospital,  frame  building  in  process  of  coustructiou — frame 
only  erected.  Guard-house,  log  building  of  two  rooms,  unserviceable,  old,  and  decayed.  A  tew 
temporary  log  and  board  shanties,  designed  to  shelter  public  animals,  &c. 

Supply-depots,  &c — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  arc  at  Fort  Gibson, 
Indian  Territory,  one  hundred  and  seventy  two  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  from  Fort 
Gibson  by  wagon  ;  obstructed  from  middle  of  December  to  1st  of  July;  best  season  for  transporting 
supplies,  from  1st  of  August  to  1st  of  December.  Supplies  are  now  en  runic  from  Fori  Harker, 
Kansas,  which  route  is  pronounced  by  freighters  impracticable  for  loaded  wagons;  best  route  (in 
my  opinion)  by  Arkansas  River  to  Fori  Smith:  thence  b\  land  transportation  (two  hundred  miles) 
to  the  post. 

Subsistence. — Three  months"  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

WATER  AM)  "WOOD. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  by  a  line  spring,  and  a  well  situated  in 
the  middle  of  the  parade.     Wood  is  supplied  by  contract. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  197 

Indians. — The  nearest  Indians  are  Comanches,  Kiowas,  and  affiliated  bands  of  Chickasaws 
and  Choctaws. 

Mixes. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity.     Indications  of  coal  contiguous  to  post. 

Cojimunication. — Between  post  and  nearesl  town  is  by  wagon  road.  Trimonthly  line  of 
stages  to  and  from  Fort  Smith,  Arkansas. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  i lie  post  is  situated  has  been  declared  by  the 
President,  under  date  of  -May  to,  1S69,  as  announced  and  described  in  General  Orders  No.  1'.'. 
Headquarters  Department  of  the  Missouri,  dated  Maj  25,  1869;  area,  one  square  mile. 

Description  of  COUNTRY,  &c. — The  fare  of  the  country  is  rolling  prairie,  with  timber 
bordering  on  the  streams,  interspersed  witli  post  ridges  and  black-jack  hills.  The  blackjack 
country  is  a  high,  sandy  soil,  well  suited  for  sweet  potatoes;  and  the  upland  prairies  a  loamy  soil. 
well  adapted  to  the  cereals,  particularly  wheat:  line  gardens  are  made:  country  well  watered ; 

post-oak,  prevalent  timber;    on  the  river  bottoms,  walnut,  pecan,  red  oak.  and  cottonw 1   are 

common;  timber  tor  building  purposes  scarce;  prairie  grass  very  abundant ;  line  slock  country- 
Streams  usually  commence  to  rise  the  middle  of  April,  and  continue  high,  generally, (with  intervals 
when  fordable,)  until  the  middle  of  Juh  :  generally  fordable  eight  months  in  the  year;  ferry-boats 
and  bridges  on  principal  streams  between  this  point,  Fort  Gibson,  and  Fori  Smith.  Climate 
temperate,  without  any  great  extremes  of  heat  or  cold  ;  average  temperature  from  August  1,  IS68, 
to  August  1,  1869,  61°.  63;  occasional  ••northers"  in  winter  and  spring;  seasons,  usually  rainy 
from  middle  of  December  to  1st  of  May;  showery  in  May.  June,  and  part  of  July:  dry  balance  of 
the  year;  health  generally  excellent.  No  settlements;  about  one  thousand  freedmen  within  a 
radius  of  thirty  miles.  Numerous  salt  springs  scattered  throughout  the  country.  Lime  and  stone 
for  building  purposes  abundant. 


FORT  BASCOM,  NEW  MEXICO. 

(Established  1864) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY  BREVET    MAJOR    LOUIS   T.  MORRIS,  CAPTAIN,  THIRTY-SEVENTH    INFANTRY, 
AUGUST,   L869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFK  ER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  35c  23'  20";  longitude  from  Greenwich,  MT  27'  20".  Post-office  at  the 
post.     Chaparita,  about  eighty  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  two  hundred  men,  built  of  adobe,  in  poor  condition.  Officers' quarters,  three; 
two  built  of  stone,  and  one  of  logs,  in  poor  condition  ;  leaky  and  require  frequent  repairs. 

Storehouses. — Quartermaster's,  34  by  85  feet,  Hi  feet  high;  commissary,  34  byT16feet,  Hi  feet 
high ;  capacity  for  supplies  for  two  companies  for  one  year ;  roofs  made  of  logs  and  earth  :  require 
frequent  repairs.  A  portion  of  the  commissary's  store-house  is  a  grain-room,  capacity  for  3,570 
bushels  of  corn.     Grain-room  of  the  corral,  capacity,  1,785  bushels  of  corn. 

Hospital,  guard-uousk,  &c. — Hospital  built  of  adobe;  consisting,  on  north  side,  of  two 
apartments,  20  by  30  feet  each.  di\  ided  by  a  hall  10  by  20  feel  :  one  of  the  apartments  used  as  a 
dispensary,  office,  and  steward's  room,  the  other  for  a  ward;  capacity  for  ten  beds.  Two  rooms 
built  of  logs  on  south  side  of  hospital,  used  as  store  room  and  surgeon's  quarters;  roof  of  hospital, 
logs  and  earth.  Guardhouse  built  of  logs.  Cavalry  and  quartermaster's  corrals  built  of  logs:  con- 
dition poor.     All  the  buildings  are  leaky  and  require  frequent  repairs. 

Sipply-Depots,  &C — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  arc  at  Fort  Union, 
New  Mexico,  one  hundred  and  forty-live  miles  distant.  The  mute  of  supply  is  by  wagon-road; 
supplies  can  be  transported  all  seasons  of  the  year. 

Subsistence. — Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Canadian  River,  by  water 
wagon.    Wood  is  furnished  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Comanches  and  Kiowas. 


J98  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATION-. 

MINES. — None  arc.  known  in  the  vicinity  of  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon. 

Reservation.— The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  lias  not  beeu  declared  by  the 
President.     One  square  mile  is  held  as  reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Surrounding  country  hilly.  Soil  sandy,  not  arable.  Timber 
plenty;  Cottonwood  on  the  banks  of  the  Canadian  River,  and  cedar  on  the  hills.  Corn  and  the 
usual' summer  vegetables  can  be  raised  on  the  bottoms  near  the  river.  Crass,  grama  and  upland. 
River  can  be  forded  at  low  water  six  months  of  the  year;  streams  rise  during  heavy  rains;  fall, 
soon  after,  dry  most  of  the  time.  Climate  mild;  generally  warm  during  the  summer  months: 
average  temperature.:.!;  .30  thermometer, hydrometer  51°.43;  health  of  locality  good.  No  set- 
tlements. 


PORT  BAYARD,  NEW  MEXICO. 

(Established  August  21,  1866. 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  HKi:\  ET  COLONEL  H.  C.  MERRIAM,  MAJOR,  THIRTY-EIGHTH  INFANTRY,  AUGUST, 

1869,  Till:  '  OMMANDING  OFFICEE  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  32  55';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  108  25'.  Post-office  at  the  post.  The 
post  is  situated  between  the  Pinos  Altos  and  Copper  Mine  Mountains,  in  what  is  known  as  the 
Copper  Mine  Pass.     Central  City,  two  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

QUARTERS.— Temporary,  for  three  hundred  men;  two  sets  built  of  logs,  with  mud  roofs,  and 
one  set  of  sawed  lumber:  the  log  buildings  are  rapidly  decaying  and  becoming  unfit  for  occu- 
pation. 

Store-houses.— Two,  quartermaster's  and  commissary,  120  bj  26  feet,  10  feet  high;  divided 
into  two  rooms,  each  50  feet  long,  with  office  16  feet;  under  the  commissary  storehouse  is  a 
cellar  50  by  20  feet,  S  feet  high,  built  of  adobe;  all  new  and  in  excellent  condition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital,  a  new  and  commodious  building,  built  of  adobe, 
with  shingle  roof.  Guard-house  built  of  stone;  over  guard-house  and  sally-port  are  three  rooms, 
built  of  adobe,  each  10  by  26  feet,  10  feet  high,  for  adjutant's  office.  Library  and  court-martial 
room:  the  last  is  a  two-story  building  and  connects  with  the  storehouses  previously  described. 
No  other  public  buildings. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Tort  Onion, 
New  Mexico,  four  hundred  and  fifty  six  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  wagon-road 
from  Fort  Union  depot,  via  Albuquerque,  Forts  Craig,  Selden,  and  Cummings;  only  temporarily 
obstructed  by  snow  in  winter:  best  season  for  transporting  supplies  from  August  to  January: 
contractor's  trains. 

Subsistence. — Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  a  clear  mountain  stream.  500 
yards  distant,  by  wagon.     Wood  is  furnished  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Gila  Apache,  west  and  northwest;  Miembres  and  Copper 
Mine  Apaches,  east    and   northeast. 

Mines. — Santa  Rita  copper-mine,  six  miles  east ;  Hanover  copper-iuine,  eight  miles  northeast  : 
Pinos  Altos  gold  and  silver  mines,  eight  miles  northwest:  other  gold-mines  south  and  east,  near 

post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  was  declared  by  the  President, 
ruder  date  of  May  !•">,  1869,  as  announced  ami  described  in  General  Orders  No.  19,  Headquar- 
ters Department  of  the  Missouri,  dated  May  25,  I860.  Fifteen  square  miles,  and  520  acres  re- 
served. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  199 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  country  is  rolling,  with  high  mountains  north,  north- 
west, and  east;  open  country  south  and  southeast.  Around  post,and  easl  and  north, country 
timbered  and  watered  by  small  streams.  Timber — pine,  cedar,  and  oak;  a  good  saw-mill  three 
and  a  half  miles  north.  Crops  of  corn,  wheat  and  vegetables  grow  in  bottom-lands;  good 
gardens  now  under  cultivation  on  the  reservation.  There  are  no  streams  between  the  Rio 
Grande  and  Gila  which  are  not  fordable  at  all  times;  rise  of  streams  between  March  and  June, 
while  snow  is  melting  in  mountains.  Seasons  perceptiblj  shorter  than  on  Rio  Grande,  and 
climate  cooler  and  more  dry;  average  temperature  for  lsus,  5  I  .29;  health  of  locality  excellent. 
Settlements,  Pinos  Altos  mining-district;  population  about  fifteen  hundred. 


FORT  CRAIG,  NEW  MEXICO. 


(Established  L8o3, 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY   BREVET  MAJOR    GENERAL  AUGUST  K.  KAUTZ,  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  FIF- 
TEENTH INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  33°  26';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  107  08'.  Post-office  at  the  post.  San 
Marcial,  four  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

QUARTERS. — For  two  hundred  men,  built  of  adobe.  Officers' quarters  built  of  stone.  All  the 
buildings  in  poor  condition;  new  roofs  and  other  repairs  needed. 

Storehouses. — Eight — capacity  ample.  Grain -house,  capacity  4, 2S7  bushels;  condition  poor  ; 
new  roofs  and  other  repairs  needed. 

Hospital,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &c. — Hospital  and  guard-house  built  of  adobe.  Carpenters'  and 
blacksmiths'  shop  built  of  stone;  condition  generally  poor;  new  root's  and  other  repairs  needed. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fori  Union,  New 
Mexico,  two  hundred  and  eighty  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  generally  via  Tejeras 
Canon  and  Albuquerque;  seldom  obstructed  ;  best  season  for  transporting  supplies,  from  May  to 
November,  inclusive  ;  usually  by  contractor's  train. 

Subsistence. — Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  WOOD. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Bio  Grande,  hauled  about  one 
mile  iu  portable  tanks.     Wood  is  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Gila  and  Mescalero  Apaches  and  Kavajoes— none  within  a 
hundred  miles. 

Mines. — Coal  mines  worked  thirty  miles  distance. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  stage. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  pest  is  situated  has  been  declared  by  the  Presi 
dent,  as  described  and  announced  iu  General  Orders  No.  48,  headquarters  Department  of  the  Mis 
souri,  dated  October  21,  1869.    Thirty-eight  square  miles,  and  I7.~>  acres  reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Only  a  small  portion  of  country  arable.  No  timber  within 
thirty  miles  of  post,  and  nowaterexcept  Rio  Grande.  Corn,  wheat,  oats,  potatoes,  &c.,can  be  raised. 
Gardens  generally  poor.  Grass  good.  Soil  sandy.  Liver  usually  rises  about  May  1.  fordablenine 
months  each  year.  Climate  dry;  extreme  of  cold  in  January;  extreme  of  heat  in  July;  average 
temperature  during  the  year  ending  June  30,  1869,  5o°.10;  locality  healthy.  Nearest  settlement-. 
San  Marcial,  four  miles  distant ;  population  about  eight  hundred  ;  Faraje,  eight  miles:  population 
about  one  thousand. 


200  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

FORT  CUMMINGS,  NTEW  MEXICO. 

(Established  1863.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  .MAJOR  ALEXANDER  MOORE,  CAPTAIN,  THIRTY-EIGHTH  INFANTRY, 
AUGUST,  L869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  32°  27';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  107 :  35'.  Post-office  at  the  post. 
Miembres  Village,  nineteen  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

QUARTERS. — For  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  men:  built  of  adobe:  in  good  condition.  Officers 
quarters,  double  set,  unfinished. 

Store-house*. — Three,  with  capacity  for  o  i  i  e  ir's  supply  for  one  hundred  aud  fifty  men:  in 
good  condition. 

Hospital,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &c. — Hospital,  one  ward;  capacity,  ten  patients;  built  of  adobe. 
Guard-house  built  of  adobe,  with  inside  easing  of  rough  stone;  in  good  condition. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  Union, 
New  Mexico,  four  hundred  and  three  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  wagon-road  from 
Fort  Union  via  Albuquerque  and  Fort  Selden,  open  at  all  season-;:  summer  months  the  best  sea- 
son for  transporting  supplies — Government  transportation. 

Subsistence. — Six  mouths'  supply  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  "wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  Cooke's  Spring,  about  300  yards 
distant,  by  water-wagon.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Apaches. 

Mines. — Santa  Rita  copper-mines,  and  Finos  Altos  and  Central  City  gold-diggings. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road.    No  public  conveyance. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.     Surveyed  in  December,  1SCS.     Four  square  miles  held  as  reserved. 

Description  of  COUNTRY,  &C. — Mountainous — no  arable  land  in  vicinity;  valley  oftheRio 
.Miembres,  nineteen  miles  (list  ant,  nearest  land  cultivated;  no  timber.  Garden  at  the  post,  but  the  sup- 
ply of  water  for  irrigation  is  not  sufficient.  Grass,  grama — good,  with  a  mixture  of  coarser  grasses. 
Soil,  coarse  gravel  and  sand,  in  some-  places  very  alkaline.  Streams  rise  during  rainy  season — 
generally  fordable.  Climate  mild,  not  cold  enough  in  winter  to  make  ice  of  more  than  half  an 
inch  in  thickness:  cold  winds  in  winter,  and  heavy  rains  during  July  and  August,  generally:  ave- 
rage temperature  (1867  aud  1868)  46°  F.;  the  health  of  the  locality  is  good.  No  settlements  or 
population  nearer  than  the  Miembres  Village,  nineteen  miles  distant. 


FORT  DODGE,  KANSAS. 

(Established  186L) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    BY   BREVET   BRIGADIER    GENERAL   JOHN    R.  BROOKE,  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL, 
THIRD  INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1809,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

LOCATION. — Latitude  37°  30';  longitude  from  Greenwich.  L00°.  Post-office — Hays  City, 
Kansas,  ninety-six  miles  distant,  which  is  the  nearest  town  or  settlement.  The  post  is  situated  on 
the  Arkansas  River,  and  its  location  is  extremely  bad,  being  upon  made  ground — wastings  from 
bluffs. 

Ql  \  RTERS. — For  one  company  of  cavalry,  built  of  adobe  :  and  for  two  companies  of  infant  r\ . 
built  of  stone,  good  condition.  Officers' quarters — one  set  stone,  one  set  frame,  and  one  set  adobe — 
in  good  condition. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AND  STATION'S.  201 

Store-hoitses. — Two — quartermaster  and  comuiissarj ,  built  of  stone,  iuthorougli  order  and  con- 
dition.   One  forage  house,  (frame,)  in  good  condition  ;  capacity,  about  L2,000  bushels. 

Hospital,  guardhouse,  &c. — Hospital,  buili  of  stone,  with  an  additional  ward  of  wood: 
excellent  order  and  condition.  Miscellaneous  buildings:  One  bake  bouse,  (substantial  stone  build- 
ing,) oven  of  adobe ;  temporary  guard  house,  in  bad  condition  ;  carpenters'  and  wheelwrights'  shop, 
ample  for  necessities  of  post;  cavalry  corral — sod:  capacity,  one  hundred  and  twenty  animals: 
temporary  shed  covering,  300  by  mo  feet,  in  process  of  erection  ;  stable  accommodations  for  one 
hundred  animals.  The  foundations  of  garrison  buildings  are  verj  insecure.  The  wallsof  some  of 
the  larger  buildings  will  not  stand  for  any  length  of  time,  and  even  now  some  of  them  are  settling. 

Supply -depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  al  Fori  Leaven 
worth,  Kansas,  three  hundred  and  sixty  seven  miles  distant.     The  route  of  supply  is  by  rail  from 
Leavenworth  City  to  Hays  City,  thence  by  wagons;  no  permanent  obstructions;  best  season  for 
transporting  supplies,  early  fall. 

Subsistence. — Eight  months'  supply  is  usually  kepi  on  baud. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Arkansas  River  and  numerous 
wells.     Wood  is  furnished  by  labor  of  the  troops. 

Indians. — The  nearest  Indians  are  the  Arapahoes,  Kiowas,  and  Cheyenues. 

Minks. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  post. 

COMMUNICATION. —  Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon  to  fort  Hays,  Kansas,  on  Kan- 
sas Pacific  Railroad. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  was  declared  by  the  President  under  date  of  June  22,  1800, 
as  described  and  announced  in  General  Orders  No.  17,  Headquarters  Department  of  the  Missouri. 
dated  May  29,  IS6S;  sixty-seven  square  miles,  581  acres,  and  1,080  square  yards,  more  or  less. 

Description  of  country,  &C. — Bottom-land  and  rolling  prairiein  the  vicinity.  Good  grass 
on  the  former  and  buffalo-grass  on  the  latter.  Gardens  are  a  failure.  No  timber  of  any  descrip- 
tion nearer  than  fifteen  to  thirty-five  miles.  Stone-quarrj  within  twelve  miles.  River  rises  in 
June  and  continues  high  until  middle  of  July;  extreme  rise,  four  feet;  fordable  at  oilier  times. 
Permanent  ferry  impossible,  owing  to  the  character  of  the  banks.  <  llimate,  light,  dry,  and  bracing  : 
seasons  regular;  average  temperature   for   1868,  5-±°.37.     I  generally  healthy.     No   settle 

incuts  of  any  importance  within  ninety  miles. 


FORT  GARLAND,  COLORADO  TERRITORY. 
(Established  1857.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    111     BREVET    LIEUTENANT    COLONEL  V.  K.  HART,  CAPTAIN,    THIRTY- SEVENTH 
INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1809,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICEE  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude    37°  20';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  105    23'.     Post-ofJrce  at   the  post. 
San  Luis,  sixteen  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  three  companies,  built  of  adobe,  in  good  condition. 

Store-houses.— Quartermaster's  and  commissary:  capacity,  73,1  16  cubic  feet.    Grain-house ; 
capacity,  18,150  cubic  feet;  condition  good. 

Hospital,  GUARD-ho1  SE,  &C. —  Hospital  built  of  adobe,  in   poor  repair;  will  be  repaired  as 
soon  as  proper  materials  can  be  obtained.     Guard-house  built  of  adobe — in  good  condition. 

Supply-depots,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  mce  depots  are  at  Fort  Onion, 

New  Mexico,  one  hundred  and  eighty-nine  miles  distant  via  Maxwell's,  and  one  hundred  and  fifty- 
five  miles  via  Paos  Valley.  The  route  of  supply  is  from  Sheridan,  Kansas,  ria  Port  Lyon  and 
Sangre  de  Christo  Mountains.  Special  supplies  from  Tort  Union.  New  Mexico,  via  Paos  Valley 
and  Black  Lakes;  season  closed  from  November  to  May;  best  season  for  transporting  supplies,  from 
June  to  October — Government  transportation, 
20 


202  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Subsistence. — Six  mouths1  supply  is  usually  kept  on  band. 

VVatee  am)  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  by  an  aqueduct,  about  three  mileslong, 
from  the  Rio  de  Ios  Yutos.    Wood  is  furnished  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Tabequache,  Manche,  and  Capote  CTtes. 

MINES. — Sangre  de  Christo  mining  district,  twenty  miles  distant. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  l>,v  the 
President.     Six  square  miles  held  as  reserved. 

Description  or  country,  &c. — Land  arable,  timbered,  and  well  watered;  buckwheat, barley, 
rye,  oats,  and  potatoes  easily  raised;  also,  all  kinds  of  vegetables.  Grass  consists  of  blue,  mount- 
ain, and  bottom.  Timber,  cottonwood.  Soil  gravelly.  Streams  rise  in  May  and  June;  all  forda- 
ble.  Climate  dry;  winters  severe :  spring  late;  summer  and  autumn  pleasant,  but  cool ;  average 
temperature  for  year  ending  July  31,  L869,  37°.22;  location  very  healthy.  Altitude  8,365  feet.  Popu- 
lation in  vicinity  of  the  post  consists  of  about  thirty  families  settled  upon  the  creeks. 


FORT  GIBSON,  INDIAN  TERRITORY. 

(Established  1835.     Abandoned  1857.     Re-occupied  1863.)     ■ 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  CAPTAIN  J.  P.  SCHINDELL,  SIXTH   INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1860,  THE  COMMAND- 
ING OFFICES  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  35°  47' 35";  longitude  from  Greenwich,  95°  15'  P3".  Post-office  at  the 
post.  The  post  is  situated  in  the  Cherokee  Nation,  upon  the  south  hank  of  the  Neosho,  two  and  a 
half  miles  above  its  confluence  with  the  Arkansas.  Fort  Smith,  Arkansas,  sixty-five  miles  distant, 
the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

QUARTERS. — For  two  companies  of  infantry,  not  exceeding  seventy  men  each,  built  of  stone — 
in  good  condition. 

STORE-IIOUSES. — Three.  New  store  house,  150  by  4l*  feet;  old  store-house.  SO  by  24  feet;  com- 
missary store-house,  30  by  36  feet. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital — temporary,  built  of  logs;  new  one  estimated  for. 
Guard-house  of  wood,  temporary  and  new.     Other  public  buildings  of  wood,  in  good  condition. 

SUPPLY-DEPOTS,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  Leaven- 
worth, Kansas,  two  hundred  and  ninety-seven  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the 
Arkansas  River,  which  is  open  about  six  months  in  the  year,  and  is  usually  closed  during  the  summer 
and  tail  months;  the  best  method  of  transporting  supplies  is  by  steamboat,  and  the  most  favorable 
season  during  the  months  of  April,  May,  anil  June. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Twelve  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Grand  River,  and  by  cisterns. 
Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

INDIANS. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Cherokee  and  Creek. 

MINES. — Coal  is  discovered  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  but  no  veins  or  mines  have  been  ope I 

or  worked. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  boat,  when  there  is  sufficient  water 
in  the  Arkansas  River. 

Reser\  a  riON. — Reservation  not  yet  defined  or  declared;  survey  in  progress. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — 'there  is  scarcely  an  acre  of  land,  except  upon  the  rauges  of 
liigb  hills  alone  the  Grand,  Verdigris,  and  Illinois  Rivers,  that  is  not  arable  and  susceptible  of  cul- 
tivation. Soil,  loam  and  clay-  and  will  grow  well  and  abundantly  all  kinds  of  cereals,  vegetables, 
fruit,  cotton,  and  tobacco.  The  principal  crops  now  raised  arc  corn,  w  heat,  potatoes,  and  oats; 
fruit   (apples,  pears,   and    peaches)  of  the   finest  quality,  are   very  plentiful.     The  country  is  well 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  203 

watered,  aud  abounds  in  springs.  The  prairies  arc  small,  being  usually  from  three  to  four  miles 
wide.  Timber  is  scarce,  and  growing  only  in  the  bottoms  along  the  rivers  and  bayous,  and  on  the 
mountains,  but  there  very  densely;  it  consists  chiefly  of  oak,  walnut,  hickory,  pecan,and  cottonwood. 
Grass,  wild  prairie,  (none  of  the  cultivated  varieties,  or  clover,  having  been  attempted;)  this  grows 
rank  and  heavy,  and  is  cut  for  hay  in  the  season  in  large  quantities.  Streams  usually  rise  the  latter 
part  of  June  and  first  of  July — fordable  all  the  other  months,  except  the  Arkansas,  which  is  crossed 
by  three  ferries  within  three  miles  of  the  post,  and  the  Grand  and  Verdigris  near  the  mouth,  by 
terries.  Climate,  mild;  average  temperature  of  the  seasons  for  18C8,  as  follows:  January,  February, 
and  March,  IP. l.'l;  April,  May,  and  June,  61°.04;  July,  August,  and  September,  70°.41;  October, 
November,  and  December,  61°.6G.  The  country  is  generally  healthy;  chills  and  fever  are  very 
common  among  the  people  living  in  the  bottom  lands;  on  the  high  lands  but  little  sickness  is  known. 
Settlements :  Fort  Gibson,  adjoining  the  post,  has  a  population  of  about  three  hundred.  There  are 
innumerable  salt  springs  of  the  purest  quality  on  the  Illinois.  Grand,  and  Canadian  Rivers,  some  of 
which  are  extensively  worked. 


FORT  BARKER,   KANSAS. 
(Established  December  2.  1865.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  MAJOR   GENERAL   NELSON  A.   MILES,   COLONEL,  FIFTH    INFANTRY, 
AUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  'I'll!'.  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  38°  49' ;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  98c  10'.  Post-office,  foil  Marker, 
Kansas.     The  post  is  four  miles  from  Ellsworth  City,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  four  companies  ;  two  frame  and  two  log  buildings.  Officers' quarters  built 
of  stone;  all  in  good  condition. 

Store-houses. — Two,  viz,  one  ."ill  by  200,  and  one  oil  by  100,  in  good  condition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital  and  guard-house,  built  of  stone,  in  good  condition. 

Supply-depots,  &c — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  Leaven 
worth,  Kansas,  two  hundred  and  fifteen  miles  distant.     The  route  of  supply  is  by  the   Kansas  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  usually  closed  or  obstructed  during  the  month  of  January,  by  snow,  three  or  four 
weeks,  and  in  this  season,  18G9,  (distracted  about  three  weeks  by  Hood  :  stores  can  be  transported 
from  the  post,  south  and  southwest,  by  trains. 

Subsistence. — Three  months' supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

"Water  AND  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  tanks  Idled  from  a  running  spring. 
Wood  is  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — The  nearest  Indians  are  the  Oheyennes. 

JIinks. — Ellsworth  coal  mine,  at  Wilson's  Creek,  Kansas. 

Communication. —  Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  been  declared  by  the  Presi- 
dent, as  described  and  announced  in  General  Orders  No.  6,  Department  of  the  Missouri,  Septem- 
ber 22,  1SGG ;  sixteen  square  miles. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  land  is  nearly  all  arable,  probably  a  greater  portion  than 
is  to  be  found  in  most  parts  of  (he  country.  Timber  is  to  be  found  only  on  the  river  courses  and 
about  the  small  streams;  although,  as  the  prairie  tires  are  stopped,  it  is  found  that  timber  springs 
up.  The  country  is  very  well  watered  by  rivers,  streams,  and  abundant  springs.  The  experience 
during  the  present  season  has  demonstrated  that  all  grains  can  be  raised,  but  the  climate  and  soil 
seem  more  adapted  to  small  grains,  particularly  wheat,  barley,  oats,  and  peas.  Gardens  have  been 
planted,  and  the  growth  of  the  usual  variety  of  vegetable  plants  has  been  successful.  The  country 
is  covered  with  wildgrass;  the  bottom  lands  by  blue  joint,  and  the  uplands  by  the  buffalo,  and  a  wild 
grass  resembling  what  is  known  as  the  early  June  grass.  The  cottonwood,  elm,  hackberry,  box- 
elder,  ash,  oak,  and  black  walnut,  are  the  chief  timbers.  The  soil  is  very  rich,  sandy  loam,  about 
four  to  six  feet  deep;  below  the  soil  is  a  bed  of  sand  about  15  feet  deep,  ami  beneath  this  a  strata 


204  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   Posts  AND  STATIONS. 

of  haul  clay.  Streams  usually  rise  about  May,  June,  and  July,  but  can  be  forded  readily  uuless 
some  unusual  fall  of  water.  Climate,  very  healthy ;  water,  very  pure;  air,  dry,  free  from  malaria, 
or  fever  and  ague.  Average  temperature,  I6°.31.  During  the  last  three  years  settlements  have 
been  made  in  sufficient  numbers,  so  that  this  post  may  be  considered  within  hounds  of  settlements. 
The  country  to  the  east  of  a  line  running  to  the  southeast  and  northwest  from  this  post  is  inhabited 
by  an  euterprising  class  of  settlers,  principally  along  the  Smoky,  Saline,  Solomon,  and  Republican 
Rivers.  In  some  places  the  land  has  not  been  taken  up  for  fifteen  and  twenty  miles;  and  in  other 
places  nourishing  neighborhoods  and  villages  are  to  be  found.  The  civil  organization  of  the  coun- 
ties has  been  established,  and  the  country  is  fast  HI  ling  up  with  an  industrious  class  of  people. 


FORT  HAYS,  KANSAS. 

(Established  June,  1807.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  GEORGE  GIBSON,  MAJOR,  FIFTH   INFANTRY, 
AUGUST,  1809,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude38     15';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  99°.     Posl  office,  Hays,  City  Kansas, 

the  nearest  town  or  settlement  half  a  mile  distant. 

QUARTERS. — Tor  four  hundred  men  ;  four  wooden  buildings,  118  by  _'t  feet,  four  rooms  each  : 
condition  good.  Five  headquarter  buildings,  (hexagonal,)  17  feet  radius,  with  two  wings  17  by  17 
feet,  four  rooms. 

Store-houses. — Nine,  viz.,  two  quartermaster's;  one  90  h\  24  feet,  (four  rooms,)  and  one 
96  by  92  feet,  portable  buildings,  (joined,)  shingle  root's:  two,  commissary:  one  130  by  31  feet, 
(three  rooms,)  frame  building':  and  one,  101  by  20  feet,  stockade  buildings;  ordnance  store-house, 
I'.i  by  14  feet,  wood;  hospital  store-house,  34  by  1  !  feet,  wood;  grain  house.  102  by  til  feet,  wood; 
one  officers'  store  house,  and  one  general  store  ■room,  all  in  good  condition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &o. — Hospital  buildings  of  wood,  cottage  style,  (seven  rooms:) 
capacity,  twenty  four  patients;  condition,  good  ;  guardhouse,  50  by  80  feet,  (three  rooms;)  wood 
stockade  good;  laundresses' quarters,  four,  each  18  by  24  feet.  Total  rooms,  thirty- two,  wood, 
good.  Stone  block  house,  good.  Ice  house.  124  by  U>  feet  ;  capacity,  two  hundred  and  fifty  tons, 
wood.  gund.  Workshops,  one  good  stockade  building,  13G  by  24  feet.  Bakery,  one  good  stock 
ado  building,  40  by  Hi  feet.  Dead  house,  wood,  good,  16  by  16  feet.  Lime  house,  wood,  4D  by  1<> 
feet.  Stable,  ]  K»  by  24 ;  i  n  o  «  iugs,  each  86  by  2 1 :  stockade,  good.  Quartermaster's  stables,  each 
28  by  17o  feet,  good.     Two  extra  wooden  buildings,  30 by  20  feet  each. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  Leaven- 
worth, Kansas,  two  hundred  and  eighty  seven  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  wagon-road 
to  Hays  City,  on  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  open  at  all  seasons. 

Si  BSIS'J  ENCE. — Sis  months'  supply  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  wells,  and  from  Big  Creek  (main 
supply)  by  wagon.    Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  Cheyennes,  Arapahoes,  and  Kiowas. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  vicinity  of  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  been  declared  by  the  Presi- 
dent, under  date  of  September  11,  186S,  as  annouuced  and  described  in  General  Orders  No.  24, 
Headquarters  Department  of  the  Missouri,  dated  Augusts.  1868;  eleven  miles,  460  acres,  and 
1,514  square  yards. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Bottom  lands  arable.  Timber  scarce,  cottonwood  and  elm 
on  water-courses.  No  crops  cultivated  ;  gardens  can  be  cultivated  on  bottoms,  near  creek.  Soil, 
dark,  sandy  loam.  Big  Creek  rises  from  May  to  September,  fordable.  Climate  dry:  seasons 
changeable:  average  temperature,  4S°.  32 ;  healthy.  No  settlements  except  Hays  City,  a  small 
settlement  on  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF   MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  205 

FORT  LARNED,   KANSAS. 

(Established  LS5S.) 

INFORMATION     GIVEN     BY    BREVET     MAJOR     DAINGEEFIELD    PARKER,   CAPTAE      I  I     IMWI'KV, 

AUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  38G  10';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  90  .  Post-office,  Fori  Lamed, 
Kansas.    The  post  is  fifty  miles  from  Hays  City,  Kansas,  the  nearesl  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  four  companies,  built  of  stone.  Officers' quarters,  &c,  four  stoue  and  one 
frame  buildings,  in  good  condition. 

Storehouses. — One,  quartermaster's,  150  bj  10  by  12;  two,  commissary,  one  155  by  27  by  12, 
and  one  84  by  30  by  12.    Store-house,  28  by  28  by  15,  all  stoue  buildings,  and  in  good  condition. 

Eospital,  gi  ard-house,  >\<'. — Hospital,  adobe,  built  in  18C0,  containing  four  rooms,  not 
adapted  for  the  purpose.  Guard-house,  stone.  39  by  39  by  12.  Blacksmith's,  wheelwright's, 
saddler's  shops  and  bakery,  stone,  .si  b\  30  l>y  12.  Quartermaster's  corral,  brush  and  dirt  roof, 
will  accommodate  two  hundred  and  fifty  animals. 

Supply-depots,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  Leaven- 
worth, Kansas,  two  hundred  and  eighty-nine  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supplj  is  by  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad  and  wagons,  seldom  closed  or  obstructed.  October  and  November  best  months 
for  transporting  supplies. 

Subsistence. — Si\  months'  supply  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  Wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  Pawnee  Creek,  and  from  wells  at 
post.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

MINES. — None  are  known  in  the  viciuitj  oi  the  post. 

Communications. — Between  post  and  nearest  towu*is  by  wagon-road. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.     Four  miles  square  held  as  reserved. 

Description  or  country,  &c. — The  land  on  the  reservation  may  be  considered  poor.  Here- 
tofore no  crops  or  gardens  have  been  successful,  notwithstanding  several  experiments  have  been 
made;  this  season  being  a  favorable  one,  experiments  on  a  small  scale  have  tbus  far  been  suc- 
cessful. It  is  more  than  probable  that  with  care  a  vegetable  garden  could,  in  ordinary  seasons, 
be  cultivated  by  irrigation,  so  as  to  repay  the  labor  expended.  The  land  is  well  watered,  but  not 
well  timbered,  a  few  elm,  ash,  and  black  walnut  and  cottonwood  trees.  Grass  (bufl'alo)  is  good. 
Soil,  light  and  sandy.  Streams  rise  in  the  spring,  with  the  melting  of  the  snow,  and  at  intervals 
during  the  rainy  season,  which  ordinarily  lasts  from  the  first  of  June  to  the  end  of  August,  and 
are  not  fordable  at  such  times.  The  climate  is  healthy  and  mild;  average  temperature,  winter,  II  ; 
summer,  70D.  No  settlements  proper,  but  two  ranches,  one  four  miles  and  a  quarter  southeast  and 
the  other  two  miles  and  a  half  northeast  from  post. 


FORT  LEAVENWORTH,  KANSAS. 

(Establisbed  1837.) 
information  given  p.y  brevet  brigadier  GENERAL  VV.H.  SI  OKI. I,,  lieutenant  colonel,  united 

STATES  ARMY,  AUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  39°  21';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  0  1'  If.  Post-office,  Fort  Leaven- 
worth, Kansas.  The  post  is  three  miles  north  of  Leavenworth  City — the  nearest  town  or  settle- 
ment. 

QuaktekS. — For  six  companies,  of  eighty  men  each:  consisting  of  three  frame  buildings, 
each  for  two  companies — need  repairs.     Some  repairs,  new  roofs,  &C,  have  been  ordered  and  are 


206  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

now  progressing.    Officers'  quarters — one  stone,  three  brick,  six  frame  and  three  log  buildings — in 
good  condition. 

Store-houses. — Eight  stoue  buildings,  viz :  Five,  40  by  100  ;  one,  10  by  190  ;  one,  1-1  by  lmi  : 
and  one,  16  by  40.  Five  frame  buildings,  viz :  One,  40  by  100;  one,  40  by  190;  one,  30  by  128;  one, 
i'f  by  70;  and  one,  52  by  135 — all  in  good  codition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital  (brick,  capacious,  and  well  arranged)  and  hospital 
buildings — three  brick  and  four  frame;  guard-house  built  of  stone  Miscellaneous  buildings — 
laundresses',  bake-houses,  mess-house,  blacksmith's  shop,  &c.,  &c.,  three  stone,  two  brick,  and  nine 
frame  buildings — all  in  good  condition. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  the  post.  The  route  of 
supply  is  by  the  Missouri  River,  which  is  closed  about  three  months  during  the  winter  by  ice; 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad  to  the  west,  Missouri  Pacific  to  the  cast,  and  Missouri  Valley  to  the  cast 
and  north. 

Subsistence. — Is  drawn  as  needed  from  the  depot  for  the  current  month. 

WATER  AND  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  by  a  stationary  engine,  which  forces  the 
water  into  a  tank  on  the  hills:  distributed  by  water-wagons  ;  also  by  cisterns.  Wood  supplied  by 
contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  [ndians  are  Delawares,  Osages,  and  Sacs  and  Foxes,  one  hundred  miles 
distant. 

Mines. — None  are  known  iu  the  vicinity  of  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  b'y  wagon-road  to  Leavenworth  City: 
steamboat  landing  at  the  post;  railroad  stations  at  Leavenworth  City. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post,  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.  The  land  held  as  reserved  extends  from  six  to  seven  miles  along  the  Missouri  River, 
and  varies  from  one  to  two  miles  wide,  containing  about  0,810  acres. 

Description  op  country,  &C. — Land,  arable,  timbered  and  watered:  corn,  wheat,  and  all 
the  productions  of  the  temperate  zone  are  raised;  grass,  good;  timber,  hardwood  and  cotton- 
wood;  soil,  good;  streams  have  been  high  all  summer,  through  rains;  locality,  healthy;  country, 
well  settled  ;  mean  temperature,  summer  months.  G9°.86;  winter  months,  33°.37, 


FORT  LYON,  COLORADO  TERRITORY. 

(Established  June  1  1,  1867.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  BRIGADIER  GENERAL  W.  II.   PENROSE, CAPTAIN,  THIRD  INFANTRY, 
M  GUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  38°  5' 36";  longitude  from  Greenwich,  103°  3' 30".  Post-office  at  the 
post.     Village  of  Los  Animos  one  mile  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

CHARTERS. — For  two  hundred  and  forty  men,  in  good  condition.  Officers'  quarters,  five; 
three  temporary,  and  two  unfinished,  of  sun-dried  brick;  condition  good. 

Store-houses. — Three,  quartermaster's,  commissary,  and  grain  house;  capacity  for  supplies 
for  a  full  regimen!  ;  condition  good. 

Hospital,  ci  ard-house,  &C. — Hospital  built  of  stone,  (one  wing  to  be  erected.)  Guard- 
house, none.  Miscellaneous  buildings,  one  bake-house,  stone;  three  sets  cavalry  stables,  wood ; 
one  corral,  wood  :  laundresses'  quarters,  scs  en  sets,  wood  ;  blacksmith's,  carpenter's,  wheelwright's, 
and  saddler's  shops,  wood,  all  new. 

Supplt  DEPOTS,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Sheridan, 
Kansas,  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  miles  distant,  'flic  route  of  supply  is  by  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad  to  Sheridan,  thence  by  wagons  ;  open  at  all  seasons;  April  to  .Inly  best  months  for  trans- 
porting supplies  not  affected  by  heat  ;  other  supplies,  between  December  and  April ;  forage,  (corn 
and  oats.)  January. 


DESCRIPTIONS   OF    MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  207 

Subsistence. — Twelve  months'  supply  is  usuallj  kepi  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  by  water  from  the  Arkansas  River,  distant  1,000  feet, 
by  water-wagon;  wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Ptes. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  stage. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
I 'resident,  but  has  been  announced  in  General  Orders  No.  18,  Headquarters  Department  of  the 
.Missouri,  Juno  3,  18G8,  and  amended  by  General  Orders  No.  25,  Headquarters  Department  of  the 
Missouri,  August  13,  1868.     Nine  square  miles,  114  acres,  and  4,0S0  square  yards  reserved. 

Description  op  country,  &c. — Land,  arable;  timber,  cotton-wood,  on  Arkansas  River; 
crops,  all  cereals;  soil,  clay  loam,  capable  of  gardens,  with  irrigation  ;  good  hay  ;  grass  on  bottoms 
surrounding  post :  liable  to  overflow  ;  buffalo  grass  on  uplands.  SI  reams  rise  generallj  from  Lsl  of 
May  to  15th  of  July ;  fordable  at  low  water  ;  a  bridge  has  been  constructed  near  the  post.  Climate, 
variable;  storms  occur  in  March,  April,  and  May.  Rainy  season,  June  and  .Inly:  average  temper- 
ature, 48°.38.     Health  of  locality,  very  good,  excepting  mild  malarial   fevers.     Pnrgatoire   River 

settled  from  source  to  mouth  b\  aboui  four  hundred  inhabitants;  village  of  Los  Ani s  contains 

about  sixty  inhabitants. 


FORT  McRAE,  NEW  MEXICO. 

(Established  March,  L863.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  LIEUTENANT  COLOXEL  JOHN  C.GILMORE,  CAPTAIN,  THIRTY-EIGHTH 
INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1869, THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT   Till:  TIME. 

Location— Latitude  :>P  02';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  107  05'.  Post-office,  Aleman,  New 
Mexico.     Alamosa,  about  seven  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  eighty  men,  built  of  adobe.  Officers'  quarters,  built  of  adobe:  all  in  good 
condition. 

STORE-HOUSES.— Four,  viz  :  One,  of  two  rooms,  20  by  ."()  each.  1 1  feei  high  in  the  clear,  inside  ; 
o.ne,  of  one  room,  20  by  21:  and  two,  12  by  16  feet  each.  9  feet  in  the  clear,  inside ;  all  in 
good  condition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c— Hospital,  built  of  adobe,  seven  rooms  and  one  hall.  Guard- 
house, built  of  adobe,  two  rooms  and  one  cell.  All  other  public  buildings  at  the  post  are  built  of 
adobe,  except  the  post  bakery,  which  is  built  of  poles,  (commonly  called  jackal  buildings.)  A 
corral  built  of  adobe  is  about  being  completed  ;  all  the  buildings  are  in  good  condition. 

Supply-depots,  &c— The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  CTnion, 
New  Mexico,  two  hundred  and  ninety-two  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  wagon-road 
from  Fort  Union,  New  Mexico,  via  Tigeras  Canon,  Albuquerque  and  Fort  Craig,  New  Mexico: 
never  closed  or  obstructed  ;  all  seasons  good  (except  July  and  August)  for  transporting  supplies  ; 
usually  by  contract  ox-trains. 

Subsistence.— Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood.— The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  Ojo  del  Muerto.  Wood  is  furnished 
by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Miembres  Apaches. 

Mines. — Coal-mines  about  ten  miles  distant;  never  have  been  worked. 

COMMUNICATION.— Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road.     No  public  couveyance< 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  been  declared  by  the  Presi- 
dent, as  described  and  announced  in  General  Orders  No,  21,  Headquarters  Department  of  the 
Missouri,  dated  June  25,  1869.  .Four  square  miles  reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &c— There  is  no  part  of  the  reservation  that  is  arable,  for  the 


208  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

reason  that  il  cannot  be  irrigated;  gardens  can  be  made  along  the  banks  of  the  Rio  Grande,  ami 
irrigated  from  the  river,  two  and  one-half  miles  from  the  post.  Grass,  grama;  timber,  cedar, 
cottonwood,  and  ash.  Soil,  gravelly  in  vicinity  of  post;  along  the  Rio  Grande,  generally  sandy. 
Kio  Grande  commences  vising  in  March,  and  is  usually  fordable  except  during  March,  April, May, 
June,  and  July.  Climate,  temperate ;  average  temperature  for  six  months  ending  June  30,1860, 
50°;60;  health,  good.  Settlements:  Alamosa,  about  seven  miles  from  post,  contains  about  one 
hundred  and  eighty  inhabitants;  Polomas,  about  sixteen  miles  distant,  contains  about  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  inhabitant^;  and  Cafiada  Alamosa,  about  twenty-five  miles  distant,  contains  about  two 
hundred  and  fifty  inhabitants. 


FORT  REYNOLDS,  COLORADO  TERRITORY. 

(Established  June,  18G7.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  II.  B.  BRISTOL,  CAPTAIN,  FIFTH   INFANTRY, 
\i  GUST,  l-i'.'.i.  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  38°  15';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  104°  12'.  Post-office  a(  the  post. 
Pueblo,  twenty  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  one  hundred  and  nineteen  men,  built  of  adobe,  shingle  root',  in  good  condition. 
Officers' quarters,  one  adobe  building,  shingle  roof,  good  condition;  two  frame  buildings,  one  in 
good,  the  other  in  bad  condition. 

Store-houses. — Two,  quartermaster's  and  commissary  ;  each  28  by  SO  feet,  in  good  condition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital,  frame  building,  bad  condition.  Guard-house,  built 
of  adobe,  shingle  roof,  in  good  condition.  Quartermaster's  corral,  built  of  adobe,  stalls  built  of 
wood,  canvas  roof,  bad  condition.     Carpenter  and  blacksmith  shops,  frame  buildings,  fair  condition. 

Supply-depots,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  Harker, 
Kansas,  four  hundred  and  twenty  nine  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  way  of  Fort  Lyon. 
Colorado  Territory,  open  at  all  seasons;  transportation  generally  by  train. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Twelve  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

"Water  AND  WOOD. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Arkansas  Liver  by  water- 
wagon.     Wood  is  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the   I'tes,  Kiowas,  and  Cheyennes. 

Mines. — In  the  vicinity  of  Pike's  Pealc,  Los  Animos,  and  Sangre  de  Christo. 

COMMUNICATION. — Let  ween  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  stage. 

RESERVATION. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  lias  not  been  declared  by  the 
President,  but  has  been  announced  in  General  Orders  No.  19,  Headquarters  Department  of  the 
Missouri,  dated  June  '■'<■  1868;  twenty  two  square  miles,  248  acres,  and  .".,.'171  square  yards,  more  or 
less,  reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &c — Al st  all  the  land  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post  is  under 

cultivation,  and  is  well  watered  and  timbered  ;  the  principal  crops  are  wheat,  coin,  and  oats ;  good 
land  for  gardens;  good  grass  on  the  bottoms.  Timber,  principally  cotton-wood.  Soil  sandy- 
Streams  rise  about  the  middle  of  May  and  commencement  of  dune;  fordable,  except  during  the 
monthsof  June  and  July.  Climate,  temperate  and  dry;  seasons  mild;  average  temperature,  GO  ; 
health  of  locality  good.    Thickly  settled  population. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  209 

FORT    in  LEY,    KANSAS. 

(Established  L852. 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY   BREVET  BRIGADIER   GENERAL  W.  M.  GRAHAM,  CAPTAIN,  FIRST  ARTILLERY, 
NOVEMBER,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER    \T   THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  39°  £'  20";  longitude  from  Greenwich,  9C  13'.  Post-office,  Fort  Kiley, 
Kansas.    The  post  is  lour  miles  from  Junction  City,  the  nearesi  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  four  batteries  light  artillery,  or  eight  companies  of  cavalry  or  infantry,  buill 
of  stone.  Officers' quarters  built  of  stone;  all  the  buildings  in  good  condition,  excepting  the  roofs, 
which  need  repairing. 

Storehouses. — Two,  quartermaster's  and  c missary,  frame  buildings,  in  good  condition, 

cellars  excepted;  drainage  bad. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital  and  guard-house,  built   of  st -.     Magazine,  brick. 

Stables,  stone;  condition  good,  except  roofs. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  Leaven- 
worth" Kansas,  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Two  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  river  and  bj  cisterns.  Wood 
supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Kaws.  Pottawatomies,  Sacs  and  Foxes,  and  Kickapoos, 
thirty  to  seventy-five  miles  distant. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — B'etween  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon  road. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  has  been  surveyed,  but  has  not  been  denned  or  declared. 
Estimated  to  contain  twenty-two  thousand  ei.u'ht  hundred  acres. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Land,  arable  :  timber  scarce,  and  only  useful  as  fuel :  .mass 
good,  and  all  the  various  varieties  grow  well.  Gardens  at  the  post.  Soil,  heavy  black  loam,  well 
watered.  Climate  mild  and  healthy.  Junction  City,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement,  contains  a 
population  of  about  twenty  seven  hundred. 


FORT  SELDEN,  NEW  MEXICO. 
(Established  I860. 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY  BREVET   LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  K.  BLOODGOOD,  CAPTAIN,  THIRTY-EIGHTH 
INFAXTRY,  AUGUST,  1869,  Till'.  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  '['IMF.. 

Location. — Latitude  32  30' :  longitude  from  Greenwich,  100  IS'33".  Post-office  at  the  post. 
The  post  is  situated  on  the  east  bank  of,  and  one  mile  from,  the  Rio  Grande.  Donna  Ana,  New 
Mexico,  twelve  miles  distant,  the  nearesi  town  or  settlement-. 

Starters. — For  two  hundred  men;  one  building  buill  of  adobe,  in  good  condition.  Officers' 
quarters,  six  sets,  built  of  adobe,  and  in  good  repair. 

Store-hoi  ses. — One  building,  containing  two  rooms.  :;i  by  Hi,  ami  :'. I  by  22=5  feet  for  quarter- 
master's stores:  three  rooms,  :\i  by  oi,  H  by  1*1.  and  20  by  l~>  feet,  for  commissary  stores:  also, 
granary,   with  capacitj  for  0,000  bushels. 

Hospitae,  GUAUD-HOl  SE,  &C. — Hospital  built  of  adobe,  accommodation  for  twelve  patients. 
Guard-house  built  of  stone,  and  two  rooms  for  the  guard  built  of  adobe:  two  rooms  built  above  the 
guard-house,  used  as  adjutant's  office  and  court-room.  Four  buildings  in  corral  used  as  rooms  for 
employes,  granary,  saddle-room,  and  butcher's  shop;  pair  of  tiie  main  building  is  used  as  carpen- 
ter's, blacksmith's,  and  saddler's  shops,  ami  quarters  for  ordnance  sergeant  ;  one  buildingis  used  as 
27 


210  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

magazine.  With  the  exception  of  the  guard  Louse,  all  tbe  buildings  at  the  post  are  built  of  adobe, 
and  iu  good  repair. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  Union, 
Sew  Mexico,  three  hundred  and  fifty  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  wagon-road,  open 
at  all  seasons.    Supplies  generally  transported  by  contraet. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Six  months'  supply  is  generally  kept  on  band. 

WATER  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Rio  Grande,  hauled  in  tanks 
about  one  mile.     Wood  supplied  by  contraet. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Gila  River  and  Mescalero  Apaches. 

Mines. — Silver  mines  iu  Organ  Mountains. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  mail-coach. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.  Surveyed  October  1,  1S68.  Fifteen  square  miles,  327  acres,  and  .~>7<i  square  feet  held  as 
reserved. 

Description  of  country,&c. — No  arable  land  on  the  reservation,  except  on  the  river-bottoms, 
which  is  rendered  impracticable  for  cultivation  on  account  of  yearly  overflow.  Timber,  a  small 
bosqne  of  young  cotton-wood,  covering  about  five  acres,  adjoining  the  post.  No  crops  can  be.raised 
(  r  gardens  made,  on  account  of  animal  overflow.  Grass,  grama,  of  limited  quantity.  Soil  sandy  and 
alkali.  River  rises  and  overflows  its  banks  in  Jane,  and  remains  so  during  the  greater  part  of  the 
summer;  the  river  is  fordable  dining  low  water,  but  generally  dangerous  on  account  of  quicksand. 
There  is  a  Government  ferry  attached  to  the  post.  Climate  mild;  seasons  dry;  average,  spring 
temperature,  G4°.05;  average  winter  temperature,  43°.6G.  The  health  of  the  post  is  good — better 
than  the  average.  There  is  a  small  settlement  of  about  ten  adobe  hovels,  known  as  Leasburgh, 
adjoining  the  southeast  corner  of  the  reservation  :  population  about  forty. 


FORT  SILL,  INDIAN  TERRITORY. 
(Established  as  Camp  Wichita,  March  1.  1869.     Designation  changed  to  Fort  Sill.  August  1.  1869.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    BY   BREVET    MAJOR   GENERAL    15.    H.   GRIERSON,  COLONEL,  TENTH    CAVALRY, 
AUGUST,  1869,  Till'.  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  34°  40';  longitude,  from  Greenwich,  98°  30'.  Post-office  at  the  post. 
Fort  Arbuckle,  Indian  Territory,  seventy  three  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — "A"  tents. 

Store-houses. — Oue  iu  process  of  construction. 

HOSPITAL,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C — No  hospital,  guard  house,  or  other  public  buildings. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  Barker 
Kansas,  three  hundred  and  twenty  nine  miles  distant.  The.  route  of  supply  is  by  wagon-road  : 
best  season  for  transporting  supplies  is  from  1st  of  May  to  1st  of  November,  liable  to  be  obstructed 
at  any  time  by  heavy  rains. 

Subsistence. — Twelve  months'  supply  arriving. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  Medicine  Bluff  Creek.  Wood  sup- 
plied by  contract. 

[ndians. — Nearesl  Indians  are  the  Kiowas,  Comauches,  Apaches,  and  affiliated  bands  of  Cad 
dos,  Wacos,  Ketchies,  Delawares,  and  Wichitas. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  posl  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagouroad.     No  public  conveyance. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.  A  rough  survey  has  been  made,  embracing  an  area  of  three  miles  north  and  south  by 
six  east  and  west  ;  surve,\  not  fully  completed. 

DESCRIPTION    "i    COUNTRY,  &C. — The  laud   in    the  vicinity    is   hilh  and    mountainous,  inter 


•  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  211 

spersed  with  beautiful  fertile  valleys,  well  adapted  to  tin'  raising  of  all  kinds  of  produce  and  veg- 
etables. The  grass  is  principally  of  the  buffalo,  inesquite,  and  graina  varieties,  and  is  very  nutri- 
tious and  valuable  for  grazing.  Timber,  oak  and  Cottonwood;  elm,  pecan,  and  hickory  groves  in 
limited  quantity  aloug  the  banks  of  the  streams,  while  around  the  base  of  the  hills  and  mountains 
an  inferior  quality  of  post  oak  abounds.  The  health  of  the  locality  is  g  >o  1.  About  six  thousand 
Indians  are  living  upon  the  reservation  within  a  radius  of  fifty  miles  of  the  post :  no  other  settle- 
ments near. 


PORT  SMITH,  ARKANSAS. 

i  Noi  known  when  originally  establish 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    B\    BREVET   MAJOR   M.  BRYANT,  CAPTAIN,  SIXTH   INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1889,  THE 

COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude.'!")  30';  longitude,  from  Greenwich,  91  10'.  Post-office,  city  of  Fori 
Smith,  Arkansas,  adjoining  the  post.  The  post  is  situated  on  the  Arkansas  River,  at  the  boundary 
line  of  the  Indian  Territory. 

QUARTERS. — For  two  hundred  and  twenty  men  :  one  brick  and  one  stone  building,  in  good  con- 
dition ;  also,  one  frame  building,  in  fair  condition.  Officers' quarters,  frame  buildings,  in  good 
condition. 

STORE-HOI  SES. — Six.     Quartermaster's,  frame  building;  commissary,  built  of  stone,  two  story; 
magazine,  built  of  stone:  ordnance  store-room,  frame  building;  forage-houses,  two,  frame  build 
ings;  capacity,  16,380  bushels;  all  in  good  condition. 

Hospital,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C. — Hospital,  two  frame  buildings,  (one  bricked  inside,)  accom- 
modation for  sixteen  patients;  condition  very  bad,  and  cannot  be  repaired.  Guard-house  built  of 
brick,  in  good  condition.  Post-bakery  built  of  logs.  Five  frame  buildings,  one  used  as  offices  for 
commanding  officer,  quartermaster,  and  paymaster;  and  four  used  as  carpenter's,  saddler's,  wheel- 
wright's, and  blacksmith's  shops,  in  good  condition.     Stables  for  ninety-two  animals. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  Gibs  iu, 
Indian  Territory:  distant,  sixty-five  miles  by  wagon-road,  and  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles  by 
river.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Arkansas  River,  obstructed  only  when  the  river  falls  unusu- 
ally low.     Best  season  for  transporting  supplies,  spring,  especially  month  of  June,  by  steamboat. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Watek  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  a  large  cistern,  three  wells,  and 
from  Arkansas  River  by  water  wagon.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Creeks,  Cherokees,  and  Ohocfaws. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  steamboats  of  the  Arkansas  River 
Company,  which  run  between  Little  Lock,  Arkansas,  and  Forts  Smith  ami  Gibson,  Cherokee 
Nation.     Wharf  about  200  yards  from  post. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  p  >st  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.  The  actual  amount  of  laud  held  as  reserved  is  not  known.  Three  hundred  and  six 
acres  has  been  surveyed  in  the  State  of  Arkansas  ;  the  remainder  of  the  reservation  is  in  Indian 
Territory,  which  portion  has  not  been  surveyed. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Land  arable,  thinly  timbered  and  well  watered;  principal 
crops  are  corn,  cotton,  potatoes,  wheat,  and  vegetables  of  various  kinds;  soil  and  climate  well 
adapted  to  cultivation  of  gardens.  Crass  excellent  tor  grazing  and  to  make  hay.  Soil  chiefly  clay, 
and  pretty  rich.  Streams  rise  iu  .Tune,  not  fordable  near  the  post,  which  is  surrounded  by  swamps. 
Climate  very  hot  in  summer,  and  rather  sickly  :  mild  in  spring,  and  cold,  with  frost  and  snow,  in 
winter;  average  temperature,  74°.      Town  of  Fort  Smith  chiefly  populated  by  white  people,  and 

-.nine  colored. 


212  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  • 

FORT  STANTON,   NEW  MEXICO. 

Established   I8u 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  JiY  BREVET  MAJOR  GENERAL    i.  V.  KAli/.  I.Ihl  TENANT  COLONEL,  FIFTEENTH 
INFANTRY,  NOVEMBER,   I--'    I  IM    I  OMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  33  29  37'  ;  longitude,  from  Greenwich,  105'  38'  L9".  Post  office  at  tlie 
post.    Placita,  on  the  Rio'Bonito,  nine  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters.— For  two  companies,  buill  of  stone,  in  good  condition,  but  nnflnished.  Officers1 
quarters,  one  stone  building,  containing  eight  rooms  ;  unfinished. 

Store-houses. — One,  30  by  106  feet,  built  of  stoue;  originally  intended  for  quartermaster, 
now  used  I'm'  both  quartermaster  ami  commissary,  for  which  il  is  inn  small  ;  commissary  store 
house  iu  ruins. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital  in  ruins.  Guardhouse  buill  of'stoue;  good  but 
small.  All  buildings  at  the  post  are  either  in  ruins  or  unfinished,  and  quite  inadequate  for  the 
present  garrison.    The  post  was  ordered  to  be  rebuilt  in  L8G8.     Work  stopped  June  30,  L869. 

SrppLT-DErms.  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  Union, 
New  Mexico,  two  huudred  ami  seven  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  generally  via  Fort 
Sumner,  two  hundred  and  seventy-one  miles.  Shortest  route  (two  hundred  and  seven  miles)  via 
Anton  Chico  ami  the  (iallina  Mountains.  This  route  has  but  little  water  on  it.  In  the  driest  sea 
' sons  trains  go  via  Fort  Snmner  and  the  Pecos  River,  a  distance  of  three  hnndred  and  one  miles ; 
road  good,  am!  open  at  all  seasons.     All  supplies  transported  by  wagons. 

Subsistence. — Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kepi  on  hand. 

Water  ami  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  liio  Bonito,  \>  ood  furnished 
by  the  labor  of  tile  troops. 

INDIANS.— Nearest  Indians  are  the  Mescalero  Apaches. 

Mines. — Gold  mines  within  eighteen  and  thirty  miles;  worked  to  a  very  limited  extent. 

(  Iommunication. — Between  post  and  nearest  (own  is  by  wagon-road,     ^s'o  public  conveyance. 

RESERVATION. — Not  known  if  declared  by  the  President.  No  record  at  the  post  of  the  amount 
of  land  held  reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &c— Essentially  a  grazing  country,  but  where  water  can  be  ob 
taiued  for  irrigation  all  crops.  &c,  raised  in  a  temperate  climate  can  be  produced.  Gardens  atthe 
post  producing  all  the  necessary  vegetables.  The  Bonito  River,  a  small  stream  running  through  the 
reservation,  furnishes  water  for  irrigation.  Grass,  grama,  which  has  failed  this  year  on  account 
of  dry  weather;  other  varieties  of  wild  grasses  are  abundant,  and  have  furnished  hay  for  the  post. 
Streams  are  subject  to  sudden  and  very  temporary  rises  iu  the  months  of  July  ami  August,  when 
heavy  rains  occur  ;  they  are  fordable  at  all  times.  Climate  very  temperate.  Elevation  between 
0,000  and  7,000  feet  above  the  sea  :  average  temperature  t9°.38.  The  climate  is  considered  exceed- 
ingly healthy ;  but  little  sickness  prevails,  and  there  are  no  prevailing  diseases  peculiar  to  the 
country.  Principal  settlement  (Texans)  on  the  Honda,  about  forty  miles  cast,  at  a  point  called  Mis. 
souri  Bottom-;  titty  miles  south  is  a  thriving  Mexican  village;  on  the  Bonito  and  its  tributaries 
are  other  settlements.  To  the  north  there  are  no  settlements  within  a  hundred  miles,  principally 
on  account  of  the  absence  of  sufficient  water.     Game  and  trout  are  abundant. 


CAMP  SUPPLY,   INDIAN  TERRITORY. 
[Established  November  is.  1868.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   BY  BREVET   MAJOR  JOHN   II.  PAGE,  CAPTAIN,  THIRD    INFANTRY,   AUGUST,   W6!>, 

THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude    >6    30';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  99c   30'.     Post-office,  Uays  City, 
Kansas,  about  two  hundred  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement.     The  post    is  situated 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  213 

between  and  within  one  and  a  half  miles  of  the  junction  of  Wolf  and  Beaver  Creeks,  which  combine 
to  make  the  North  Fork  of  the  Canadian  River. 

QUARTERS. — For  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  men,  1  mil t  of  logs,  for  temporary  use;  in  fair 
condition. 

Store-houses, — Four.  Quartermaster  and  commissary,  two ;  containing  three  rooms,  each 
15  by  l.">;  one  60  by  14,  and  one  16  by  1 1.  Forage-house,  10  by  15;  all  of  which  are  covered  with 
paulins.     New  store-houses  are  indispensable. 

Hospital,  gi  ardhouse,  &c. — Hospital,  tents.    Guard-house,  built   of  logs,  12  by  11: 
one  building, containing  five  rooms.  15  by  15  feet  each,  in  good  condition. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  al  For!  Lea\  eu 
worth,  Kansas,  four  hundred  and  ninety  miles  distant.     The  route  of  supply  is  from  Fort   Bays,  on 
the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  by  wagon  road:  open  at  all  seasons. 

Subsistence. — Two  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  Wolf  Creek,  half  a  mile  distant. 
Wood  furnished  by  labor  of  the  troops. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Arapahoes  and  Cheyennes. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road.     No  public  conveyance. 

Reservation. — No  reservation  has  been  declared,  or  means  taken  to  that  end.  No  land  held 
reserved. 

DESCRIPTION  OP  COUNTRY,  &C. — The  country  in  the  vicinity  is  mainly  rolling  prairie,  with  a 
great  deal  of  sand  near  all  the  streams.  Timber,  cotton-wood.  Water  abundant.  No  crops  are 
raised;  good  gardens  can  be  made.  Grass  abundant  and  good.  Soil,  sandy  loam.  Locality 
healthy.    No  settlements. 


FORT   UNION,  NEW   MEXICO. 

(.Established  1S01.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN  BY  BREVET    BRIGADIER   GENERAL  WILLIAM   N.  GRIER,  COLONEL,  THIRD  CAV- 
ALRY, AUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  35°  54/  21"  ;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  lor  57' 15".    Post-office  at  the 

post.     La  Junta,  five  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  four  hundred  men.  Officers'  quarters,  nine.  \  iz  :  < )ue  Tii  by  58  feet,  and  eight 
56  by  54  feel  each,  and  15  feet  high.  All  the  buildings  of  adobe,  with  stone  foundations,  in  good 
condition. 

Store-hoi  ses. — Three,  viz:  one  100  by  .".<>  feet,  one  106  by  30  feet,  and  one  l  to  b\  30  feet; 
height,  1">  feet ;  in  good  condition. 

'Hospital,  guard-house,  &c— Hospital,  158  bj  80  feet  ;  height  15  feet  :  built  of  adobe,  with 
stone  foundation,  shingle  roof.  Guard-house  built  of  adobe,  tin  root:  also  a  prison,  built  of  adobe, 
containing  ten  cells,  built  of  stone.     Condition  good. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  at  the  post.  The  route  of  sup- 
ply is  known  as  Route  No.  2,  from  Sheridan  City,  Kansas,  by  o\  or  mule  trains:  partially  closed 
during  wilder.  Spring  and  summer  months  the  best  seasons  for  transporting  supplies  on  this 
route. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Is  drawn  as  needed  from  the  depot  for  the  current  month. 

Water  AND  WOOD. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  a  spring  about  half  a  mile  distant, 
and  from  wells  at  post.     Wood  is  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Utes,  and  some  Jicarilla  Apaches,  settled  about  sixty  miles 
northeast  of  the  post. 

MINES. — Moreno  gold  (quartz)  mines,  about  eighty  miles  distant. 

COMMUNICATION. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  mail-coach  :  runs  six  days  of  tin- 
week  between  Sheridan  City,  Kansas,  and  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico. 


214  3CRIPTI0NS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  .STATIONS. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  1ms  been  declared  by  the  Presi 
dent,  under  date  of  October  13,  1868,  with  additional  "  timber"  reservation  for  military  purposes. 
Reservation  fifty-one  and  a  half  square  miles.    Timber  reservation  fifty-three  .square  miles. 

Description  or  country,  &c. — About  one  fourth  of  the  land  in  the  immediate  neighborhood 
is  arable,  tolerably  well  watered  and  timbered.  By  irrigation  fine  crops  of  wheat,  corn,  and  oats 
are  raised  by  farmers  in  vicinity  of  reservation  ;  excellent  hay  in  abundance  is  also  produced. 
Forage  procured  at  cheaper  rates  than  at  other  posts  in  the  Territory.  Gardens  near  the  post  have 
been  an  entire  failure  for  want  of  irrigation.  Grass,  upland  prairie,  largely  mixed  with  grama,  on 
the  reservation:  grazing  good.  Timber,  pine  and  pinon.  Soil,  sandy  and  stony.  Rainy  seasou 
usually  commences  in  August— this  year  in  July— effecting  a  rise  of  the  streams:  the  only  streams 
in  vicinity  affected  thereby  are  the  Mora  aud  Sapello,  both  of  which  are  bridged.  The  winter  is 
severe  for  this  latitude  ;  spring  cool ;  summer  mild,  and  fall  cool ;  average  temperature  about  49  . 
extremes  being  1°  above  zero,  at  the  lowest,  and  85°  above  zero  at  the  highest,  as  taken  from 
record  of  June  30,  1869;  health  of  locality  good.  The  largest  settlement  in  the  surrounding 
country  is  Las  Vegas,  about  twenty  eight  miles  southwest,  on  direct  route  to  Santa  Fe  :  popula- 
tion, about  one  thousand. 


FORT  WALLACE,  KANSAS. 
(Established  June,  1866.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN   BY   BREVET   MAJOR   GENERAL    C.    R.   WOODS,    LIEUTENANT    COLONEL,    FIFTH 
LNFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

LOCATION. — Latitude  3S°  5.7 ;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  100°  50'.  Post-office  at  the  post, 
which  is  situated  on  the  South  Folk  of  the  Smoky  Kill  River,  three  miles  distant  from  Pond  City, 
Kansas,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

QUARTERS. — For  four  companies;  two  stone  and  two  wooden  buildings,  in  good  condition. 
Officers'  quarters,  six  sets,  built  of  wood,  in  poor  condition. 

Store  norsES.— Three.     Quartermaster's  storeroom  28  by  130  feet.     Commissary  store-room 
28  by  132  feet,  inside  measurement  ;  walls  10  feet  clear.     Grain-house,  wood  :  capacity,  13,000  bush 
els.     Quartermaster's  and  commissary  store  rooms,  stone:  in  g  »od  condition. 

HOSPITAL,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C. — Hospital,  guard-house,  magazine,  and  stable  built  of  stone. 
Adjutant's  office,  forage-house,  and  one  cavalry  stable,  built  of  wood,  all  in  good  condition. 

SUPPLY-DEPOTS,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  Leaven 
worth,  Kansas,  four  hundred  and  two  miles  distant.     The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad,  open  at  all  seasons. 

Si  BSISTENCE. — Twelve  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  AND  WOOD.— The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  Smoky  Hill  liiver,  by  water  wagon. 
Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  (lie  <  iheyennes  and  Arapaho 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Com  mi  NICATION. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  stage. 

Reservation. — The  reservatjion'on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.  Fourteen  square  miles  held  reserved,  as  described  and  announced  iu  General  Orders 
No.  24,  Headquarters  Department  of  the  .Missouri,  August  S.  L869. 

DESCRIPTION  of  COUNTRY,  &C. — The  country  to  the  north,  east,  and  west  is  rolling  prairie; 
to  the  south  broken  and  rugged  for  a  distance  of  four  or  live  miles,  then  rolling  prairie.  The 
entire  country  is  covered  with  buffalo-grass;  the  land  is  well  watered  toward  the  north  and  west  by 
the  Smoky  Hill  Liver  and  its  branches:  the  soil  is  good,  but  unproductive,  for  want  of  sufficient 
rains;  no  timber  within  sixty  miles.     Streams  rise   rapidly   alter  heavy  rains   in  summer,  and  are 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  215 

lbrdable.  Climate  is  hot  in  summer  and  cold  in  winter;  strong  winds  prevail  the  greater  portion 
of  the  year;  average  temperature,  52°  ;  locality  healthy.  Settlements,  Pond  City,  three  miles  dis- 
tant, about  twenty-five  inhabitants ;  Phil  Sheridan,  thirteen  miles  distant,  five  hundredlnhabitants. 
There  are  a  few  hay-ranches  within  fifteen  miles  of  the  post  :  from  fifteen  hundred  to  two  thousand 
tons  of  hay  might  be  cut  within  twenty  miles  of  the  post. 


PORT  WINGATE,  NEW  MEXICO. 

Established  June.  18C8.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    1(V    BREVET   COLONEL  A.  W.  EVANS,   MAJOR,  THIRD   CAVALRY,  AUGUST,    1869 

THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

»     ■ 

Location. — Latitude  35°  Hi' ;  longitude  from  Greenwich,   107°   IV.     Post-office,  Santa  Fe, 
New  Mexico.    The  post  is  situated  at  the  headwaters  of  the  Rio  Puerco  of  the  West.    Zuni,  thii 
three  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters.— For  two  hundred  men,  built  of  rough  logs,  (only  temporary  liars.)  dirt  roofs,  and 
in  poor  condition.  Officers' quarters  built  of  logs,  temporary  portion  of  adobe  with  dirt  roofs, 
excepting  one — shingle. 

Storehouses.— One,  built  of  adobe,  100  feet  square  outside,  with  interior  square,  (good 
shingle  roof  over  all,)  containing  six  rooms,  viz:  One,  86  by  20,  (quartermaster;)  one,  83  by  20, 
(commissary;)  one,  56  by  20,  (forage ;)  one,  20  by  8,  (ordnance:)  and  two,  I'D  by  20,  for  offices; 
average  height  of  rooms,  17  feet.     Considerable  storage  capacity  in  addition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital  and  guard  house  built  of  logs.  Adjutant's  office, 
frame,  shingle  roof:  bake  house  built  of  stone— all  in  fair  condition.  Saw-mill,  frame,  board  roof. 
Temporary  quarters  for  laundresses,  ^c,  log  and  adobe. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  ate  at  Tort  I  nion, 
New  Mexico,  two  hundred  and  eighty  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  Government  and 
contractors'  trains,  over  direct  wagon-road  from  Fort  Union,  crossing  the  Rio  Grande  by  ferry  at 
high  water;  open  at  all  seasons. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Six  months"  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

WATER  AND  "WOOD. — The  post  is  .supplied  with  water  from  an  excellent  spring  known  as  the 
Ojo  del  Oso,  running  a  large  and  permanent  stream.  Wood  is  furnished  by  the  labor  of  the 
troops. 

INDIANS. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Navajoes  and  Zuni  Pueblo. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Comjiuncation. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road. 

Reservation.— The  resen  ation  has  not  been  declared  by  the  President.  One  hundred  square 
miles  held  as  reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &c— Surrounding  country— wooded  mesas  and  valleys,  valleys 
arable  and  well  watered— well  adapted  for  settlements.  General  elevation  above  sea-level,  about 
7,700  feet.  Crops  of  wheat,  barley,  com,  &c.  Gardens  at  post.  .  Grass,  good  grama,  bottom  and 
upland,  abound,  depending  a  good  deal  on  rainy  season— June,  July,  August,  and  September.  Timber 
abundant— large  pine,  (white,)  jack-oak,  pinon,  and  forests  of  cedar.  Soil,  heavy  still'  white  and 
red  clay— the  best  adobe  material  on  the  continent.  Fine  building-stone  can  be  obtained  in  abun- 
dance within  a  short  distance.  Streams  small,  rise  in  summer— fordable.  Climate  mild,  generally 
dry  and  healthy;  seasons  generally  cool  for  latitude,  owing  to  elevation;  average  range  of  ther- 
mometer, (F.)  spring,  35°  :  summer,  d    ;  autumn.  52°  :   winter,  27°.     No  settlements. 


21(3  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

FORT  ZARAH,  KANSAS. 

(Established   1SC8.    This  post  was  directed  to  be  abondoned  by  Special  Orders  No.  L85,  Head- 
quarters Department  of  the  Missouri,  dated  October  G,  1869.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    BY   BREVET    LIEUTENANT    COLONEL    N.   NOLAN,    CAPTAIN,  TENTH    CAVALRY, 
VUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  38c  30' ;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  9SC  45'.  Forty-five  miles  from 
Ellsworth,  Kansas,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  one  hundred  men;  built  of  brown  sandstone,  in  good  condition. 

Storehouses. — One,  containing  two  rooms,  25  by  30  and  22A  by  30  feet,  respectively. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — No  hospital.  Guardhouse,  log  building,  15  by  1">.  Bake- 
house constructed  of  lumber,  and  blacksmith's  shop  of  adobe. 

Supply-depots,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  Leaven- 
worth, Kansas,  two  hundred  and  sixty-seven  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  via  Fort  Ilarker. 
Kansas;  seldom  closed,  except  by  floods,  which  occur  about  twice  in  the  spring  and  summer 
seasons,  or  by  snow-storms  in  the  winter  months,  which  arc  rare. 

Subsistence. — One  month's  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  a  well  in  the  immediate  vicinity. 
Wood  is  supplied  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

.Mixes. — Coal  mine  at  Wilson's  Creek,  Kansas,  distant  forty-nine  miles. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.    Four  miles  square  held  as  resen  ed. 

Description  of  COUNTRY,  &c. — In  the  vicinity  of  the  creeks  the  land  is  arable,  and  nearly 
all  the  root-crops  might  be  raised,  and  such  other  crops  as  would  not  expose  too  much  leaf  and 
branch  over  the  surface  to  the  action  of  the  violent  winds.  The  grass  is  abundant  in  this  vicinity — 
good  for  all  kinds  of  stock.  Timber,  cotton-wood,  elm,  and  some  walnut.  Soil,  heavy  brown  clay. 
Streams  rise  during  March,  April,  and  May.  Seasons — winter,  extremely  cold,  with  cutting  winds 
from  north  and  east;  spring,  very  changeable,  with  wind  and  rain  storms  of  great  violence;  sum- 
mer, hot,  the  thermometer  rising  to  115° :  autumn,  warm  and  dry.  The  locality  is  very  healthy,  no 
diseases  being  reported  at  this  post  tor  six  months,  ending  July  31, 1869.  No  population  nearer 
than  Ellsworth,  Kansas,  and  settlements  on  Smoky  Creek,  distant  forty  live  miles. 


DEPARTMENT   OF  THE    PLATTE. 


COSTS    DESCE  Ml  K  I). 


Bridger,  fort,  Wyoming  Territory. 
Douglas,  Camrj,  I  tah  Ten  itorj . 
Fetterman,  Fort,  Wyoming  Territory. 
Kearney,  Fort,  Nebraska. 
Laramie,  Kent.  Wyoming  Territory. 
McPberson,  Fort,  Nebraska. 
North  Platte  Station,  Nebraska. 
Ogallala  Station,  Nebraska. 


( tuiali.i  Bai  racks,  Mi  braska. 
Plum  Creek  Station.  Nebraska. 
Russell,  1».  A.,  Fort,  Wyoming  Territory. 
Sanders,  Fort,  Wyoming  Ti  rrit 

■  ick,  Fort,  < lolorado  Territory. 
Sidney  stat ion,  Nebraska. 
Steele,  Frederick.  Fort,  Wyoming  Territory. 


FORT  BRIDGER,  WYOMING  TERRITORY. 


(Established  L857. 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    BY   BREVET    BRIGADIER    GENERAL    C.    C.    GILBERT,    LIEUTENANT    COLONELS, 
SKYENTII  INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  41°  L8' 12" ;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  110  32'  3S".  Post-office  at  the 
post.  Carter's  Station,  Wyoming  Territory,  on  ETnion  Pacific  Railroad,  ten  miles  distant,  (south,) 
the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters.— For  three  hundred  men;  buill  of  logs  in  1S57 ;  condition  tolerably  good,  uui 
going  to  decay. 

Store-houses.— Three,  two  built  of  stone  and  one  of  boards,  LOO  by  10  feet,  52  by  25  feet,  and 
lio  by  28  feet  respectively;  one  new  and  two  old;  require  new  roofs. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c — Hospital  built  of  logs  and  lumber;  condition  good.  Guard- 
house built  of  stone;  condition  good.  All  other  public  buildings  built  of  logs  in  1857;  in  bad 
condition,  roofs  leaky. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Cheyenne, 
near  Fort  1).  A.  Russell,  Wyoming  Territory,  three  hundred  and  fifty  live  miles  distant  by  rail. 
The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  I  nion  Pacific  Eailroad  ;  obstructed  sometimes  from  November  until 
April  by  snow;  summer  and  fall  the  best  seasons  for  transporting  supplies. 

Subsistence.— Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood.— The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  a  stream  known  as  "Black's  Fork," 
running  through  the  center  of  the  post;  water  good  and  abundant.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Shoshones,  Bannacks,  and  Ptes. 

Mines. — Sweetwater  gold  mines,  distant  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles,  south. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road. 

RESERVATION. — The  reservation  was  declared  in  1857  or  1858,  and  was  surveyed  in  October 
and  November,  IS58.  Twenty  miles  wide,  limn  east  to  west,  and  twenty-fire  miles  long,  from 
north  to  .south. 

Description  OF  COUNTRY,  &c— The  laud  in  the  valleys  is  arable  near  the  streams,  and  is 
well  watered.     Barley,  oats,  and  wheat  have  been  raised  on  Smith's  Fork,  within  ten  miles  of  the 
28 


218  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

fort.  Grass  (bottom)  abundant  iu  the  valleys,  and  bunch  grass  of  excellent  quality  on  the  benches. 
There  is  a  post  garden,  in  which  is  raised  potatoes,  beets,  radishes,  turnips,  cabbage,  and  lettuce. 
but  it  is  necessary  to  irrigate  it.  Soil  alluvial.  Timber  twenty  miles  distant — pine,  cottonwood, 
and  quaking-ash.  Streams  rise  in  May  and  June;  always  fordable.  Climate  temperate  during  the 
greater" part  of  the  year;  not  usual  for  severe  weather  before  middle  of  December,  when  frequent 
snow-storms  and  high  winds  prevail  until  April;  more  rain  falls  during  May  and  June  than  during 
the  balance  of  the  year.  Altitude  seven  thousand  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Average  tem- 
perature in  1868,  39°. 01 ;  average  during  last  ten  years.  12°.90.  Health  of  locality  is  proverbially 
good.  The  only  population  in  the  vicinity  is  a  few  mountaineers,  living  in  cabins,  on  the  water- 
courses. 


CAMP  DOUGLAS,  WYOMING  TERRITORY. 

Established  October  26,  1862.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    i:i   BREVET    MAJOE   GENERAL   JOHN    GIBBON,  COLONEL,   SEVENTH  INFANTRY, 
AUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFK  ER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  Lb  16' 02";  longitude  from  Greeuwich,  1110  53'  34".  Post-office,  Salt 
Lake  City,  Utah  Territory,  three  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement, 

starters. — For  about  four  hundred  men,  built  of  logs,  in  poor  condition. 

STORE-norsF.s. — Four  :  capacity,  200,000  rations  each  ;  condition,  fair  ;  needs  repairs. 

Hospital,  guardhouse,  &c. — Hospital  built  of  logs;  in  poor  condition.  Guard-house  built 
of  stone.     Magazine  and  ordnance  store  houses,  built  of  stone;  all  in  good  condition. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  1).  A. 
Russell,  Wyoming  Territory,  five  hundred  and  forty-three  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supplyisbj 
Union  Pacific  Railroad  to  Unitah,  five  hundred  and  eight  miles;  thence  by  wagon-road,  thirty-live 
miles  to  post  :  obstructed  sometimes  by  snow  during  the  months  of  December.  .January.  February. 
March  and  April :  best  season  for  transporting  supplies,  from  May  to  November. 

Subsistence. — Ten  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  by  trenches  running  from  a  ravine  di- 
rectly in  the  rear  of  the  post.     Wood  is  supplied  by  contract. 

INDIANS. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Utes. 

MINES. — Mines  of  gold,  silver,  and  copper,  in  the  vicinity,  but  none  as  yet  much  developed. 

COMMUNICATION. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road. 

Reservation. — Reservation  not  yet  declared  ;  it  has  been  surveyed,  and  application  made  to 
have  it  declared.     Two  miles  square  held  reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &c— Land  arable.  -No  timber  in  immediate  vicinity.  Irrigated 
by  numerous  streams  from  Wasatch  Mountain,  directly  in  rear  of  post.  All  the  ordinary  crops 
(wheat,  oats,  barley,  rye,  corn.  &c.,)  can  be  successfully  cultivated  ;  excellent  gardens.  Grass,  tini- 
othy,  clover,  and  red-top;  sage-brush  on  the  mountains,  and  in  neighborhood  of  post.  Grasshop 
pers  occasionally  very  destructive.  White  pine  and  <•  (ttonwood  in  canons  about  twenty  miles  dis- 
tant. Soil  light  and  sandy.  Streams  rise  in  spring ;  fordable.  Climate  dry  and  bracing ;  average 
temperature,  spring,  51°;  summer.  7i  .<H:  autumn.  54  .08;  winter.  30  .08;  annual,  52°.07  : 
locality,  exceedingly  healthy.  Salt  bake  City,  three  miles  distant,  contains  a  population  of  about 
fifteen  thousand. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  219 

FORT  FETTERMAN,  WYOMING  TERRITORY. 

(Established  July  11),   IS07.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    BY    CAPTAIN    HENRY    W.    PATTERSON,    FOURTH    INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  \iC,9,  THE 

COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  42°  10'  OS";  longitude  from  Greenwich,  L05c  27'03".    Fori  Laramie,  W,\ 
omiug  Territory,  about  seventy  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  two  companies,  built  of  adobe,  (unfinished,)  not  ceiled  or  plastered.  Officers' 
quarters,  nine  sets,  viz:  Seven  sets  adobe,  lined,  and  two  sets  built  of  logs,  (old  material,  all  in 
good  condition. 

Store-houses. — Two;  quartermaster's  and  coinmissarj  ;  also,  one  small  granary,  and  one  har- 
ness-house, nearly  finished,  in  good  condition.  New  store  house  and  granary  in  process  of  construc- 
tion for  use  of  quartermaster  and  commissary  departments;  capacity,  ample. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital  unfinished.  Guard-house  built  of  logs,  (old  material.! 
not  ceiled  or  plastered;  condition,  poor.  Magazine,  built  of  logs,  in  poor  condition.  Adjutant's 
office,  (old  material.)  poor  condition.  Miscellaneous  buildings — bakerj  being  rebuilt  of  adobe;  two 
sawmills — one,  a  frame  building,  (unfinished.)  and  one  built  of  slabs;  mess-rooms,  (old  material, 
laundresses' quarters;  blacksmith's,  wheelwright's,  saddler's  shops,  &c. ;  also,  several  small  build- 
ings, mostly  occupied  by  the  employes  of  the  Quartermaster's  Department. 

Supply-depots, &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  aud  subsistence  depots  are  at'M  lampCarling," 
near  Cheyenne,  Wyoming  Territory,  about  one  hundred  and  thirty  miles  distant.  The  route  of 
supply  is  via  Fort  Laramie,  one  hundred  and  fifty-five  miles,  or  via  "Cut-off,"  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road, one  hundred  and  thirty  miles;  obstructed  sometimes  during  the  latter  part  of  winter  ami 
early  part  of  spring;  best  season  for  transporting  supplies,  early  summer  and  fall:  ox  ami  mule 
trains. 

Subsistence. — Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  baud. 

WATER  AND  WOOD. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  North  Platte  River.  Wood  sup- 
plied by  contract. 

Indians.-— Nearest  Indians  are  the  Sioux. 
Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 
Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon  road. 

RESERVATION. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  was  declared  by  the  President 
under  date  of  June  28,  L869,  as  announced  and  described  in  General  Orders  No.  34,  Headquarters 
Department  of  the  Platte,  dated  dune  ■".,  LS09;  sixty  square  miles. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  land  in  the  vicinity  is  not  arable  or  timbered,  except 
ing  a  few  cotton-wood,  box-elder,  and  willow ,  along  the.  water  courses  ;  abundance  of  good  pine  in 
the  Black  Hills,  about  twenty  miles  distant.  Gardens  cannot  be  depended  upon ;  they  have,  so 
far,  been  made  with  very  little  benefit.  Hay,  sufficient  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  post,  can  be 
harvested  ;  bunch-grass  grows  in  abundance,  and  the  country  is  well  adapted  for  grazing  purposes. 
Streams  rise  about  the  end  of  April,  and  continue  high  for  about  two  months  ;  fordable,  except  the 
North  Platte  River,  during  which  time  it  is  crossed  by  a  ferry  ;  the  rise  in  the  river  continues  gen- 
erally until  the  end  of  July.  Health  of  locality,  very  good :  from  January  until  April  the  weather 
is  severe,  during  which  time  considerable  snow  falls  ;  country  very  windy,  and  often  visited  by  hail- 
storms; July  and  August  very  warm:  average  temperature  for  the  first  si\-  months  of  1S69,  ■>'  ■ 
No  settlements  in  the  vicinitv. 


220  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

FORT  KEARNEY,  NEBRASKA. 

(Established  as  Fort  Cliilds,  Indian  Territory,  1848.     Designation  changed  to  Fort  Kearney, 

March,  1849.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    BY    CAPTAIN    EDWIN    POLLOCK,   NINTH    INFANTRY,    AUGUST,    1869,    THE    COM- 
MANDING OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  I"  33' ;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  99°  06'.  Post-office  at  the  post. 
Kearney  City,  Nebraska,  two  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement.  The  post  is  situated 
on  the  south  bank  of  the  Platte  River,  and  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  it. 

Quarters. — For  one  hundred  and  twenty  men;  frame  buildings,  (pine  and  cotton-wood.)  unfit 
f  >r  habitation,  but  being  repaired. 

Store-houses. — Four,  with  capacity  for  supplies  lor  two  companies;  require  some  repairs. 

EOSPITAL,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C. — Hospital,  &c. ;  frame  buildings,  (pine  and  cotton-wood;) 
capacity  ample:  all  in  need  of  repairs. 

SUPPLY-DEPOT,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Omaha.  Ne- 
braska, one  hundred  and  ninety  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road to  Kearney  Station ;  thence  by  Government  wagons  to  post — about  live  miles:  occasionally 
closed  tor  a  few  days  at  a  time  by  floating  ice  in  the  Platte  River;  the  best  season  for  transporting 
supplies  is  from  August  1  until  January  1. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Three  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

W.vter  AND  WOOD. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  by  wells.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

COMMUNICATION. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon  road. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  was  declared  by  the  President 
under  date  of  January  18,  184'J.     Ten  miles  square  reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  Platte  River  at  this  point  is  about  nine  miles  wide,  and 
tilled  with  islands  on  which  hay  can  be  cut.  A  range  of  hills  of  sandy  formation  skirt  the  valley 
on  the  south  side;  the  range  is  from  one  to  two  miles  wide.  South  of  these  hills,  distant  to  the 
Republican  Fiver,  is  about  fortj  miles  of  table-land  slightly  undulating.  The  whole  of  the  country 
is  prairie,  and  is  supposed  to  be,  with  little  exception,  arable,  capable  of  yielding  good  crops  of 
wheat,  corn,  oats,  potatoes,  fruit,  and  all  kinds  of  vegetables  that  grow  in  the  same  latitude  in  the 
Eastern  States.  Soil,  sandy  loam,  yielding  annually  large  crops  of  grass  suited  for  grazing  pur- 
poses. The  past  year  there  has  been  a  sufficiency  of  water.  Timber  is  scarce,  and  grows  upon  the 
islands  in  the  Platte  River,  and  upon  the  banks  of  the  Republican  and  Blue  Rivers,  and  on  Turkey 
Creek.  About  forty  miles  south  of  the  post  are  large  quantities  of  cedar,  oak,  and  ash,  all  of  which 
will  grow  if  transplanted  ;  fifty  trees  are  now  growing  at  the  post  which  have  been  transplanted. 
The  Platte  River  generally  rises  about  the  1st  of  June,  and  remains  so  for  about  two  months;  it 
seldom  overflows  its  banks,  and  is  fordable  at  this  point  for  about  ten  months  of  the  year:  the 
livei-  lied  was  dry  during  the  months  of  August  and  September,  1863.  The  locality  is  very  health  \ . 
serious  local  diseases  being  unknown.  Settlements — Kearney  City,  two  miles  west  of  the  post: 
Kearney  Station,  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  six  miles  from  the  post;  Wood  River  settlement, 
ten  to  thirty  miles  distant — a  valley  nearly  parallel  to  the  Platte  River;  Grand  Island,  west,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  about  forty  miles  distant ;  Junctions  ille,  on  the  south  side  of  the  Plat  tc 
River,  about  thirty-five  miles  east.  South  of  the  Platte  River,  in  all  the  scattering  settlements, 
there  are  about  fifteen  hundred  inhabitants.  Agriculture  is  the  general  occupation  of  the  settlers, 
ami  there  is  considerable  trading  done  at  the  towns  of  Kearney,  Wood  River,  and  Grand  Island. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  221 

FORT  LARAMIE,  WYOMING  TERRITORY. 

(Established  August  12,  I 

INFORMATION  GIVEN    BY    BREVET    BRIGADIER-GENERAL   I.  F.  FLINT,   COLONEL.  FOURTH    [NFANTRY, 
AUGUST,  18G9,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  I-  12' 38";  Longitude  from  Greenwich,  10J  31  2C  .  Post-office  at  the 
post.     Cheyenne,  Wyoming  Territory,  ninety  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  five  hundred  and  fifty-four  men — four  sets  of  wooden  buildings,  and  two  sets 
adobe — iii  good  condition.  Officers'  quarters,  seven  buildings — lour  of  adobe  and  three  frame,  with 
adobe  lining;  all  in  good  condition  except  one. 

Store-houses. — Five,  viz:  Quartermaster's, one;  capacity,  IS,900 cubic  feet;  commissary,  two; 
capacity,  32,  too  cubic  feet ;  clothing-room,  one  ;  capacity,  80,000  cubic  feet ;  grain-house,  capacity . 
100,000  cubic  feet;  all  wooden  buildings,  rough  boards,  and  battened,  excepting  clothing-room, 
frame;  condition,  good. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. —  Hospital,  frame  and  adobe,  good.  Guard-house,  built  of  stone. 
good.  Magazine,  stone,  good.  Bakery,  frame,  poor.  Post  office,  adobe,  poor.  Three  laundresses' 
quarters,  two  poor  and  one  good.  One  building  for  quartermaster's  employes,  adobe,  good.  One 
carpenter's  shop,  one  wagon-shop,  and  one  saddler's  shop,  all  frame  buildings,  good.  Five  company 
kitchens,  four  adobe  and  one  frame,  (adobe  lined.)  in  good  condition. 

SUPPLY-DEPOTS,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  •■('amp  Carl 
ing,"  near  Cheyenne,  eighty-nine  miles  distant.    The  route  of  supply  is  from  Cheyenne,  (on  Onion 
Pacific  Railroad,)  by  Government  wagons:  practicable  throughout  the  year:  summer  and  autumn 
the  best  seasons  for  transporting  supplies. 

Subsistence. — Six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood.— The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Laramie  river  b\  water  wa  - 
Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

INDIAN*. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Sioux. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road. 

Beservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  was  declared  by  the  President 
under  date  of  dune  28,  1869,  as  announced  and  described  in  General  Orders  No.  34,  Qeadquai 
Department  of  the  Platte,  dated  June  3,  1869;  fifty-four  square  miles. 

Description  of  <  01  ntry,  &C. — Land  well  adapted  for  grazing.  Grass,  good.  Timber,  prin- 
cipally cottonwood  along  the  water-courses  and  ravines.  No  crops  can  be  raised  or  gardens  sus 
tained  but  by  constant  irrigation.  Platte  and  Laramie  Rivers  usually  lis.'  about  the  middle  of 
May,  and  continue  high  from  one  to  two  mouths;  -not  fordable  during  that  time.  Climate,  healthy; 
autumn  and  winter,  mild:  summer,  dry  and  sultry;  spring,  usually  rainy;  high  winds  prevalent 
throughout  the  year.     No  settlements  nearer  than  Cheyenne.  Wyoming  Territory. 


FORT  McPHERSoN,  NEBRASKA. 

(Established  February  20,  I860.    Originally  known  (1S63)  as  "Cantonment  McKean,"  and  also  as 

"  Cottonwood  Sprinj 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    BY  BREVET  MAJOR   GENERAL  WILLIAM  II.  EMORY,  COLONEL, FIFTH  CAVALRY, 
UJGUST,  l   69,  THE  I  OMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  1C:  longitude  from  Greenwich,  100°  30'.  Post-office,  Cottonwood 
Springs,  Nebraska.      Platte  City.  Nebraska,  twelve  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement 

o carters.—  For  live  companies,  built  of  logs,  with  shingle  roofs;  a  portion  of  the  buildings 
are  entirely  frame,  well  chinked,  plastered,  and  spacious,  with    large  windows.     Officers'  quarters, 


222  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

constructed  of  boards,  lathed  and  plastered,  with  shingle  roofs.     Adobe  houses  better  adapted  for 
the  climate 

Stork  in  uses. — Quartermaster's,  two  log  buildings;  one  300  feet  long  and  30  feet  wide — 30 
feet  high  each  ;  afford  security  for  stores  against  the  weather.    Commissary,  one  portable  building'. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital,  constructed  of  logs,  well  plastered,  shingle  roof — a 
good,  substantial  building.  Guard-house,  log  building,  shingle  roof.  Laundresses'  quarters,  log- 
building,  shingle  roofs.  Buildings  are  all  leaky,  but  it  seldom  rains.  Four  stables,  very  indiffer- 
ent; one  other  stable,  making  the  fifth,  about  being  completed,  will  be  excellent. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence-depots  are  at  Omaha,  Ne- 
braska, two  hundred  and  eighty-sis  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad,  from  <  Mnaha  to  McPherson  Station,  distant  seven  miles  ;  thence  across  one  branch  of  the 
Platte  River  by  temporary  bridge,  and  over  the  other  brandies  by  ford.  In  the  springthe  Platte  rises 
and  washes  away  the  temporary  bridge,  and  makes  communication  with  Union  Pacific  Railroad 
Station,  distant  only  seven  miles,  very  uncertain  and  hazardous.  The  best  season  for  transporta- 
tion is  from  1st  of  July  until  31st  of  March.  Transportation  from  railroad  station  to  post  done  by 
contract,  at  48  cents  the  hundred. 

Subsistence. — Three  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

WATER  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  wafer  from  the  Platte  River,  about  000  yards 
distant.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road.  Seven  miles  from  the 
post  is  McPherson  Station,  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

RESERVATION. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.  A  post  order,  dated  June  24,  1866,  has  declared  the  following,  viz:  "  Commencing  at 
a  point  one  mile  south  of  the  flag  stall',  from  the  center  of  the  parade;  thence  two  miles  east,  thence 
four  miles  north,  thence  four  miles  west,  thence  four  miles  south,  thence  two  miles  east,  to  the 
place  of  beginning." 

Description  op  country,  &c. — Not  arable.  No  timber,  crops,  or  gardens.  Grass  good, 
about  three  miles  from  the  post.  Soil  sandy.  Platte  River  rises  in  April,  and  falls  in  July  ;  ford- 
able  about  seven  months  of  the  year.  Climate  very  dry;  estimated  average  monthly  tempera- 
ture for  twelve  months  ending  June  3(1,  1869,  51°.51;  health  of  locality  exceedingly  good.  There 
are  three  ranches  or  settlements  on  the  reservation,  two  of  them  occupying  the  ground  before  the 
post  was  established,  and  believed  to  have  good  pre-emption  claims.  Grass  of  good  quality  can  be 
harvested  on  Brady's  Island,  sufficient  to  make  hay  for  a  division  of  cavalry,  and  as  this  position 
commands  the  buffalo  range  to  the  south,  it  will,  probably,  always  be  a  cavalry  station  of  import- 
ance, at  least  so  long  as  there  is  a  hostile  Indian  on  the  plains,  so  that,  in  my  opinion,  all  of  Brady's 
Island,  embraced  by  producing  the  north  and  south  liuesof  the  reservation  to  the  north,  or  farthest 
side  of  the  island,  should  be  declared  within  the  reservation.  1  have  no  doubt  that  gardens  of 
t lie  finest  quality  might  be  maintained  on  the  island  by  irrigation  ;  to  accomplish  this  a  wind-mill  to 
raise  the  water  would  be  necessary.     No  settlements  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  post. 


NORTH  PLATTE  STATION,  NEBRASKA. 

(Established  1SG7.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN    BY  BREVET  1.1KI  TENANT   COLONEL  ('.  1>.  EMORY,  CAPTAIN,  NINTH  INFANTRY, 
AUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICES  AT  Till;  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  U°;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  ion  50'.  Post-office,  North  Platte  City, 
adjoining  the  post.  The  post  is  situated  between  and  within  one  and  a  half  miles  west  of  the 
junction  of  the  North  and  South  Platte  Rivers,  and  on  the  line  of  the  I  nioii  1'acilic  Railroad. 

Quarters. — For  one  company;  built  of  pine  lumber.  Officers'  quarters,  one  set:  built  of 
pine  lumber;  condition  poor,  need  repairs 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF   MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  223 

Store-houses. — One.  Quartermaster  and  commissary,  buill  of  pine  lumber;  capacity  for 
supplies  for  one  company  :  condition  poor. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — No  liospital.    Guard-house  built  of  pine  lumber ;  condition, 

pour. 

Supply-depots,  &o. — The.  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Omalia, 
Nebraska,  two  hundred  and  ninety  one  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad;  open  at  all  seasons. 

Subsistence. — Four  to  six  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  a:\ii  wood.— The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  wells.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Pawnees. 

Mines.— None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication.— Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Reservation. — No  reservation  proper.    The  plan  of  the  post  embraces  about  eight  acj  i 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  land  between  the  North  and  South  Platte  Rivers  is  a 
level  plain,  with  bluffs  on  the  opposite  sides  of  both  forks  at  an  average  distance  of  one  and  two 
miles;  the  land,  generally,  is  adapted  to  cultivation,  and  will  produce  most  of  the  cereal  crops. 
Vegetables  are.  not  cultivated  to  any  extent.  A  garden  has  been  made,  and  it  is  believed  that 
good  vegetables  can  be  raised.  Grass  good  for  grazing.  Water  plenty.  Timber.  Cottonwood,  and 
very  .scarce.  Rivers  high  from  April  until  July,  fordable  at  other  times.  Railroad  bridge  over 
the  North  Platte,  which  can  be  crossed  by  men  on  foot.  Climate  temperate.  Health  of  locality 
excellent.     North  Platte  has  a  population  of  about  three  hundred  and  fifty. 


OGALLALA  STATION,  NEBRASKA. 

(Not  known  when  established.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    BY    BREVET   MAJOR    S.  S.  SUMNER,  CAPTAIN,  FIFTH    CAVALRY,  OCTOBER,   1--'. 

THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  41°;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  102.  Post-office  at  the  post.  North 
Platte,  Nebraska,  fifty-one  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement.  The  post  is  situated  on 
the  line  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Quarters. — None. 

Store-houses.— Non  e. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c — None. 

Supply-depots,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  Cheyenne, 
Wyoming  Territory,  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Subsistence. — One  month's  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  South  Platte  River.  Wood 
supplied  by  contract. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  pest. 

Communication. — Between  the  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Reservation. — No  reservation. 

Description  of  country,  &c — Land  not  arable.  No  timber.  Watered  by  the  South  Platte 
River,  which  rises  in  .June;  fordable  at  this  point.  Grass, common  prairie.  Soil  sandy.  Climate 
dry;  seasons  temperate.  Health  of  locality  good.  North  Platte,  (excepting  railroad  stations.!  the 
nearest  town  or  settlement,  contains  a  population  of  five  hundred. 


224  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

OMAHA  BARRACKS,  NEBRASKA. 

stablisked  1868.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN    in     BREVE!     BRIGADIER  GENERAL  I.  N.  PALMER,  COLONEL,  SECOND  CAVALRY, 
AUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  41°  20';  longitude   from  Greenwich,  96°.     Post-office,  Omaha  City. 
Nebraska,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement — three  miles  distant. 

Quarters. — For  one  regiment  of  infantry,  frame  buildings,  filled  in  with  brick  ;  built  in  1868 
and  1S(.',!. 

Store-houses. — 'Two.  Quartermaster  and  commissary,  with  ample  capacity  for  all  public 
property  required  to  be  kept  at  post. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital  (large  and  commodious)  and  guard-house,  frame 
buildings,  filled  in  with  brick. 

Supply-depots,  &0. — Quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  at  Omaha,  Nebraska,  three  miles 
distant.     The  route  of  supply  is  by  Missouri  Liver  and  railroad. 

SUBSISTENCE. — One  and  two  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  wells.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

COMMUNICATION. — Between  pest  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon  road.  Steamboat  landing  and 
railroad  depot  (Union  Pacific)  about  three  miles  distant. 

Reservation. — No  reservation  lias  been  declared  by  the  President.  Eighty  acres  are  held  as 
reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &g. — All  the  country  in  the  vicinity  is  arable  and  extremely 
fertile;  it  is  not  heavily  timbered,  but  the  oak,  elm,  walnut,  and  maple  are  being  extensively  and 
annually  planted;  cotton-wood  grows  on  the  streams.  Water,  in  ordinary  seasons,  is  not  found  in 
great  abundance  away  from  the  Missouri  River,  but  every  crop  and  species  of  grain  or  fruit  known 
in  the  Middle.  Northern,  or  Western  States  can  be  grown  in  great  abundance.  The  gardens areof 
the  finest  description.  The  grasses  are  not  yet  cultivated  to  any  great  extent,  the  wild  prairie 
being  almost  the  only  one  known.  Soil,  muck  and  loam,  apparently  inexhaustible.  The  Missouri 
River  has  its  never  failing  rise  in  the  spring;  there  is  generally  very  little  water  in  the  smaller 
streams  from  May  until  November,  excepting  in  very  rainy  seasons.  Climate  temperate  and  con- 
sidered healthy:  the  thermometer  ranges  seldom  above  96°  in  summer,  or  below  8°  in  winter. 
Omaha  contains  at  present  a  population  of  eighteen  thousand  ;  no  other  settlements  worth  noticing 
in  the  vicinity  ;  the  land  for  twenty  or  thirty  miles  around  is  taken  up  by  small  fanners. 


PLUM  CREEK    STATION,  NEBRASKA. 

(Established  1867.) 

INFORMATION   GIVEN    BY    lli;si     LIEI   L'ENANT  J.   R.  HARDENBERGH,  NINTH   INFANTRY,  AUGUST,   l~i;:», 

THE  COMMANDING    OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  41°;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  101°.  Post-office  at  the  post.  The 
posl  is  situated  on  the  line  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  in  the  valley  of  the  Platte  River.  North 
Platte  City,  Nebraska,  ten  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters.— Tents. 

Store  aoi  ses. — None. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c — None. 

Supply-depots,  &c — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  arc  at  Fort  McPher- 
sou,  Nebraska,  fifty-five  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad; 
obstructed  when  snows  are  heavy  in  winter,  when  the  road  is  blocked  for  days  and  weeks:  summer 
season  best  for  transporting  supplies. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  225 

Si  insistence. — <>iie  mouth's  supply  is  usually  kepi  on  band. 

Water  and  "\vooi>. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  by  wells.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. —  Nearest   Indians  ate  the  Pawnees. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Commi  nication. —  Between  post  ami  nearest  town  is  by  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Reservation. — No  land  held  reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  land  is  not  arable,  excepting  in  a  lew  places  by  irriga- 
tion. No  gardens.  Heavy  dark  grass  on  the  bottoms  near  the  river,  good  lor  hay  in  winter: 
buffalo-grass  in  the  valley  ;  good  for  grazing.  Soil  sandy.  Timber  scarce,  and  only  on  the  islands 
in  the  Plaite  River,  of  no  use  except  for  fuel.  Streams  rise  in  June,  and  continue  high  for  about  a 
month  or  six  weeks;  river  not  fordable  at  such  times,  and  at  low  water  the  crossing  is  dangerous 
owing  to  quicksands.  Climate,  dry — very  severe  in  winter,  and  intensely  hot  in  summer;  health 
of  locality  very  good. 


FORT  D.  A.  RUSSELL,   WYOMING    TERRITORY. 

i  Established  July  31,  1867.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN   B\    BKEVET  .MA. Mil,'  GENERAL  .1.  II.  KING,  COLONEL,  NINTH  INFANTRY,  AUGU&T, 

1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICEE  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  il°  08';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  LOJ  45'.  Post-office,  Cheyenne, 
Wyoming  Territory,  about  three  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

QUARTERS. — For  twelve  hundred  men,  built  of  pine  lumber;  condition,  fair — need  some  repairs. 
Officers'  quarters,  thirty-two  sets,  in  good  condition. 

S tore-houses. — Two — 25  by  100  feet  each — 12  feethigh,  bad  condition.  leaky;  roofs  require 
to  be  shingled:  they  are  now  simply  boarded,  and  thelumber  having  shrunk,  they  leak  badly;  stores 
cannot  be  kept  in  good  condition  unless  some  repairs  are  made. 

HOSPITAL,  GUARD-HOUSE,  &C. — Hospital  built  of  wood,  (pine  lumber;)  capacity,  forty-eight 
beds.  Guard-house  built  of  pine  lumber,  with  watch-tower.  Eight  stables.  Blacksmith's  and 
carpenter's  shops  and  granary  in  fair  condition,  built  of  pine  lumber.  Thirty  laundresses' quarters, 
very  small,  built  of  logs,  in  very  poor  condition. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermasters  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  "Camp  Calling,"  one 
and  a  half  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  from  Omaha  to  Cheyenne  via  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road; summer  and  fall  best  seasons  for  transporting  supplies  ;  Union  Pacific  Railroad  best  method ; 
open  at  all  seasons. 

Subsistence — One  month's  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

WATER  AND  'Wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  ('row  Creek,  i about  two  hundred 
yards  distant,)  by  steam  force-pump.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  good  wagon-road  to  Cheyenne,  on 
line  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  was  declared  by  the  President 
under  date  of  June  2s.  L869,  as  described  and  announced  in  General  Orders  No.  34,  Headquarters 
Department  of  the  Platte,  June  ."..  1869.     Pour  thousand  live  hundred  and  twelve  acres. 

Description  OF  country,  &c. — A  plain  almost  level,  without  timber,  well  watered.  Short 
•  rops  of  wheat,  rye.  oats,  corn,  and  barley  might  be  raised.  Grasshoppers  numerous  and  destruc- 
tive. Efforts  have  been  made  toward  planting  a  garden,  but  without  success.  Soil  heavy  and  full 
of  gravel,  scantily  covered  with  bunch  grass.  Timber  twenty-five  miles  distant.  Streams  are  easily 
lorded.  Climate  dry  aud  warm  iu  spring  and  summer ;  very  cold  in  winter:  average  temperature 
for  past  twelvemonths,  spring,  41°.81  ;  summer,  67°.30  ;  autumn,  50°.46 ;  writer,  30°.33 — gen- 
erally very  healthy.  No  settlements  in  tin  immediate  vicinity. 
■_".i 


226  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

FORT  SANDERS,  WYOMING  TERRITORY. 

(Established  Jane  23,  1866. 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  i;\  BREVETB  RIGADIER  GENERAL  J.  IJ    POTTER,  LIEI   t'ENANT  COLONEL,  FOURTH* 
INFANTRY,  AUG1  ST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  ll  13' 01";  longitude  from  Greenwich,  105  30'  22".  Postofflce,  Lar- 
amie City,  Wyoming  Territory,  two  and  three-quarter  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settle- 
ment. 

Quarters. — For  six  companies,  limit  ol  logs;  in  poor  condition.  Officers' quarters,  log  build- 
ings; in  good  condition. 

Store-houses. — Five — quartermaster's,  two,  LOO  1>\  30  feet,  built  of  logs,  in  good  condition; 
commissary,  three,  50  by  32  feet,  built  of  logs,  nnlil  for  storage. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c-  Bospital  built  of  logs.  Guard-house  buill  of  stone.  Maga 
zine  built  of  stone.  Block  house  and  cavalry  stables  built  of  logs — all  in  good  condition.  Quar- 
termaster's stable  temporary  structure  of  pine  planks,  not  suitable  for  the  purpose. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  1).  A. 
Russell,  Wyoming  Territory,  fiftj  -three  miles  distant,  by  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and  forty-three  miles 
by  wagon-road.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  railroad;  closed  during  a  few  days  in  winter;  sup- 
plies can  be  transported  at  all  seasons. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Six  months*  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood.— The  post  is  supplied  with  water  by  a  creek.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Arapahoes,  Utes,  and  Sioux. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  b\  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  was  declared  by  the  President 
under  date  of  June  2S,  1869,  as  announced  and  described  in  General  Orders  No.  34,  Headquarters 


Department  of  the  Platte,  dated  June  3,  1869  ;  nine  square  mile's. 

Description  op  country,  &c. — Country  in  vicinity, rolling  prairie.  Timber  iu  canons,  eight 
miles  distant,  pine,  fir,  and  cotton-wood.  Soil  good,  partially'alkali,  requires  irrigation;  plenty  of 
water  for  this  purpose.  Potatoes,  Turnips,  beets,  carrots,  parsnips,  peas,  beans.  ,\c..  can  be  raised. 
Grass  excellent  and  abundant.  Streams  are  high  in  .luly  and  August:  generally  fqrdable.  Climate 
healthy;  average  temperature,  August  1,  1868,  to  July  31, 1869, 10°.38.  Settlements,  Laramie 
City  and  some  stock  ranches.  Laramie  Plains  and  surrounding  country  cannot  lie  excelled  for 
raising  stock  of  all  kinds. 


FORT  SEDGWICK,  COLORADO  TERRITORY. 

'      (Established  May  19,  1861.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  K.  F.  TOWNSEND,  MAJOR,  NINTH  INFANTRY, 
u  GUST.1869,  THE  COMMANDING   OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  41;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  I02c  30'.  Post-office,  Julesbnrg, 
Nebraska,  three  and  a  half  miles  distant,  the  nearest   town  or  settlement. 

QUARTERS. — For  four  companies;  three  sets  adobe,  and  one  set  portable  frame,  in  good  condi- 
tion, excepting  one  adobe  set  unrooted.  Officers' quarters,  five  sets,  two  portable  frame  buildings, 
and  three  built  of  adobe:  condition  good. 

Store-houses. — Three  quartermaster's  and  one  commissary — boards  battened,  in  good  condi- 
tion ;  capacity  for  four  or  live  months'  supplies  for  four  companies. 

Bospital,  gi  ard  hoi  se,  &c. —  Hospital  built  of  adobe — large  and  in  good  condition.  Guard 
house,  boards,  not  considered  safe.    One  cavalry-stable. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  227 

Supply-depots,  &<'. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  arc  at  Omaha, 
Nebraska,  three  hundred  and  seventy  seven  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supplyis  from  ( (maha  via 
Union  Pacific  Railroad.  The  South  Platte  River  is  not  fordable  for  teams  in  very  wet  seasons.  April 
and  May,  and  September,  « October,  and  November  are  fin1  best  months  in  tin-  year  for  transporting 
supplies  by  wagons. 

Subsistence. — Six  to  seven  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

WATER  AND  WOOD. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  wells,  and  from  South  Platte  River. 
Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Sioux,  (north ;)  Cheyennes  and  Arapahoes,  (south.)  None 
within  a  hundred  miles. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinitj  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road,  across  the  South  Platte 
to  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  distant  three  and  a  half  miles. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  was  declared  by  the  President 
under  date  of  June  28,  1809,  as  described  and  announced  in  General  Orders  No.  34,  Headquarters 
Department  of  the  Platte,  June  ■'!.  18G9.     Sixty-four  square  miles. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — Wild  prairie  laud.  No  timber.  Watered  by  South  Platte 
River.  No  crops  have  ever  been  raised.  First  garden  made  this  spring  (1869)  destroyed  totally  by 
hail-storm;  would  succeed  very  well.  Splendid  grass,  buffalo  and  tall  bottom.  Soil,  coarse  sand 
and  gravel.  Riverrises[in  June,  and  declines  in  August ;  fordable  except  in  June,  .Inly,  and  August 
cf  wet  seasons.  Climate  very  healthy  and  dry.  Seasons  very. dry,  except  in  spring;  very  heavy 
winds  at  all  seasons,  generally  from  the  northwest.  No  settlements  nearer  than  fifty  miles  on  south 
side  of  South  Platte  River;  population  of  Julesburg,  twenty.  Came  very  scarce.  A  few-  fish  in 
Lodge  Pole  Creek,  opposite  the  post.     No  birds. 


SYDNEY  STATION,   NEBRASKA. 
i  Established   ISC7. 

INFORMATION  GrVEN  B1    BREVET  MAJOR    FREDERICK    MEARS,  CAPTAIN,  NINTH    INFANTRY,    AUGUST, 

1869.  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  U°;  Longitude  from  Greenwich,  L03  .  Post  oilice  at  the  post.  Chey- 
enne City,  Nebraska,  one  hundred  and  two  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement.  The  post 
is  situated  on  the  line  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and  in  the  Lodge  Pole  Creek  Valley. 

Quarters. — For  one  company:  wooden  portable  building;  condition  poor. 

Store-houses. — Two.  Quartermaster  and  commissary — the  first  in  bad  condition,  and  the 
latter  fair;  capacity  for  three  mouths' supplies  for  two  companies;  capacity  of  both  store-houses 
utterly  inadequate. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &<  .—None. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Omaha. 
Nebraska,  four  hundred  and  fourteen  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad;  not  yet  known  to  be  obstructed. 

Subsistence.— Three  months"  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  by  a  well.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Sioux,  Cheyennes.  and  Arapahoes. 

Mines.— None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Betweeu  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  Union  and  Pacific  Railroad. 

Reservation. — No  reservation.  A  site  of  one  mile  squ  ire  has  been  selected,  but  not  yet 
determined  upon. 

Description  he  country,  &o. — No  arable  land.  No  timber,  crops, or  gardens.  Grassshort, 
and  only  fit  for  sheep-grazing.  Soil,  clay  and  alkaline.  Lodge  Pole  Creek  rises  in  March  and  June, 
fordable  throughout  the  year.  Climate  healthy  and  seasons  regular.  Sidney  Station  contains  a 
Population  of  about  eighty. 


228  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

FORT  FRED  STEELE,  WYOMING  TERRITORY. 

i  Established  June  30,  L868 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  RY  CAPTAIN  C.  C.  RAWN,  SEVENTH  [NFANTRY,  A I  (JUST.  1869,  THE  COMMANDING 

OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  41°  48';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  107°  09'.  Post-office  at  the  post. 
St.  Mary's,  about  twelve  miles  distant,  the  neatest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  five  companies,  built  of  wood,  chinked  in  with  mortar,  well  Homed,  and  each 
provided  with  a  piazza  running  along  one  face;  condition  very  good.  Officers' quarters,  wooden 
buildings,  in  process  of  construction. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster's,  two  buildings  at  right  angles,  130  by  30  feet  each  ;  commis- 
sary, one,  80  by  30  feet,  with  cellar  for  storage  of  vegetables.  Branch  track  of  Union  Pacific  nail- 
road  alongside. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital  in  one  of  the  barracks,  affording  very  good  accommo- 
dation. Guard-house  in  process  of  construction  of  wood.  Headquarters  building  being  erected  of 
stoue.  Bakery,  40  by  20  feet.  Ice-house,  50  by  32  by  12 ;  capacity,  about  000  tons.  Corral  covers 
an  area  of  250  feet  square;  sheds  of  7  feet  high,  and  21  feet  deep  ;  accommodations  for  two  hun- 
dred and  sixty  animals;  condition  of  buildings  generally  good.  The  work  at  the  post  is  being 
pushed  forward,  and,  as  soon  as  the  officers'  quarters  are  completed,  the  "  bottom  "  will  be  vacated. 

SuprLY-DEPOTS,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Fort  1>.  A. 
Russell,  Wyoming  Territory,  one  hundred  and  seventy-six  miles  distant,  by  Cniou  Pacific  Railroad. 
The  route  of  supply  is  by  railroad  ;  obstructed  occasionally  in  winter  by  heavy  snows  :  best  season 
for  transporting  supplies  is  in  the  fall  and  summer. 

Subsistence. — Six  months' supply  is  usually  kepi  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  North  Platte  River.  Wood 
supplied  by  contract. 

Mines. — Coal  mines  at  Carbon — forty  one  miles  distant. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  was  declared  by  the  President 
under  date  of  June  28,  1800,  as  described  and  aunouuced  in  General  Orders  No.  34,  Headquarters 
Department  of  the  Platte,  June  3,  1800.     Thirty  six  square  miles. 

Description  op  country,  &c. — The  country,  with  the  exception  of  some  of  the  bottoms  along 
the  river,  is  exceedingly  sterile  and  desolate — barren  sandy  bluffs  and  alkali  plains,  with  but  little 
vegetation,  save  the  sage-brush  and  grease-wood,  which  are  abundant.  A  garden  has  been  at- 
tempted, but  the  result  seems  to  warrant  the  statement  thai  the  season  is  too  short  generally  for 
garden  vegetables.  Timber, principally  cotton-wootl,  with  some  pine  and  fir,  exists  to  a  small 
extent  on  the  bottoms  :  the  majority  has  been  consumed  for  buildings  at  the  post.  North  Platte 
River  is  subject  to  rise  in  June;  good  fords  are  above,  below,  and  opposite  the  post.  Climate  very 
dry;  elevation  about  7,000  feet  above  sea  level ;  average  temperature  for  May,  1869,  was  52  ;  for 
June,  C2°.27;  the  health  of  the  locality  is  excellent.  Elk,  antelope,  black  tailed  deer,  mountain 
sheep,  large  and  small  hare,  and  sage-hens  in  the  vicinity  of  post. 


fVFPARTMENT  OF  DAKOTA 


POSTS      DESCRI  B  E  l>. 


Abercrombie,  Foi  i .  1  Dakota  Territory . 
Buford,  Fort,  Dakota  Territory. 
( looke,  ( 'amp,  Montana  Territory . 
Ellis,  Fort,  Montana  Territory  . 
Randall,  Fort,  Dakota  Territory. 
Ransom,  Tort.  Dakota  Territory. 
Rice,  Fort,  Dakota  Territory. 


Ripley,  Foi  i.  Minnesota. 

Slia  w  .  1  'orl .  Montana  Territory. 

Snelling,  Fort,  Minnesota. 

enson,  Fort,  Dakota  Territory. 
Sullj  .  Fort,  Dakota  Territory  . 
Totteu,  Fort,  Dakota  Territory. 
Wadswortb,  Fort,  Dakota 


FORT  ABERCROMBIE.  DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 


(Established  1857.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY    BREVET    BRIGADIER    GENERAL  I..  C.  HINT,  LIEUTENANT    COLONEL,  TWEN- 
TIETH  INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  b'>  27';  longitude,  from  Greenwich,  96c  28'.  Post  office  at  the  post.  Saint 
<  '!<md,  Minnesota,  one  hundred  and  sixty-<  ight  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

QUARTERS. — For  three  companies  of  infantry — wooden  buildings,  badly  arranged,  and  in  verj 
poor  condition  in  every  respect.  <  >fficers'  quarters — wooden  buildings,  badly  built,  badly  arranged, 
and  in  poor  condition. 

Store-houses. — Three.  Quartermaster's,  oar,  80  by  20  feet  ;  commissary,  two,  101  by  26  and 
110  by  26  feet  respectively;  capacity  ample.  No  provision  having  been  made  for  draining  the 
cellar  of  one  of  the  buildings,  the  brick  side  walls  were  undermined  and  gave  way  ;  replaced,  and  a 
"dry  well"  dug:  condition  of  buildings  generally  fair. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital  nearly  new.  wooden  buildings;  ai  ommodatiou  for 
twelve  patients.  Guard-house  built  of  hewn  logs,  secure, but  badly  ventilated.  .Magazine,  of  brick, 
badly  built ;  lias  recently  been  strengthened  by  external  supports.  Stable  nearly  new,  well  arranged  : 
accommodation  for  sixty  animal?.  No  oat-lionses.  Saw-mill  within  a  mile  and  a  half.  Drainage 
of  the  post  very  bad  and  difficult. 

SurrLY-DEPOTS,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  area!  Saint  Paul.  Min- 
nesota, two  hundred  and  forty-five  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  rail  to  SaiutCloud  :  thence 
by  wagons  in  the  summer,  and  by  sleds  in  winter.  During  November,  and  aftersevere  snowstorms. 
the  roads  are  frequently  impracticable  for  either  wagons  or  sleds,  and  during  the  lat  ter  part  of  April, 
and  nearly  all  of  May,  the  streams  rise  and  overflow  the  roads,  carrying  away  bridges,  and  making 
the  road  impracticable  for  loaded  wagons',  duly.  August.  September,  and  October  the  best  months 
for  transporting  supplies. 

Subsistence. — Twelve  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — Theposl  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Red  River  bj  wagon.  Wood 
supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Sisseton,  Medawkanton.  Wahpeton  and  Yankton  Dakotas, 
on  the  south  and  west;  Chippewas  on  the  north  and  east. 


230  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  l»y  a  triweekly  line  of  stages,  connecting 
with  railroad  at  Saint  Cloud  ;  time,  three  days. 

Reservation. — Reservation  not  yet  declared.  Surveyed  in  L867,  and  contains  an  area  ol 
twenty-two  square  miles,  embracing  both  sides  of  Red  River. 

Description  of  country.  &c.— Land,  prairie  and  fertile,  not  well  drained.  The  soil  is  a 
rich  dark  loam,  containing  much  magnesia  and  soda,  and  underlaid  with  a  stratum  of  stiff  blue  or 
yellow  clay;  it  repays  the  labor  of  the  farmers,  and  all  the  cereals  and  vegetables  grow  well  and 
abundantly.  The  country  is  excellent  for  stock  raising,  all  kinds  of  prairie  grass  being  plentiful. 
Timber  is  found  only  along  the  river  bank — chiefly  oak  and  elm,  with  sonic  poplar  and  iron-wood, 
but  it  is  so  scarce  that  it  should  be  protected  by  law.  Red  river  at  its  lowest  stage  is  fordable  in 
many  places  above  the  post,  (south,)  but  nowhere  below,  (north.)  In  the  spring  it  rises  rapidly, 
sometimes  forty  feet  above  its  usual  level.  Climate  from  four  to  five  months  of  the  year  very  cold. 
frequently  40°  below  zero,  and  in  the  summer  100°  in  the  shade;  between  these  extremes  the 
mean  annual  temperature  is  39°;  health  of  the  locality  excellent:  no  epidemic  diseases  prevail. 


FORT  BUFORD,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

(Established  June  i.">.  (.866.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  BRIGADIER  GENERAL  If.  A.  MORROW, LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  THIR- 
TEENTH INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

LOCATION. —  Latitude  18  ;  longitude  from  Greenwich,  L04°.  The  post  is  situated  on  the  north 
bank  of  the  Missouri  river  near  the  mouth  of  the  Yellowstone.  Fort  Benton,  head  of  Missouri 
river  navigation,  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  miles  above  the  post  by  river,  and  five  hundred  miles 
by  land,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

QUARTERS. — For  three  hundred  men,  built  of  adobe,  in  tolerably  good  condition. 

Store-houses. — Two,  built  of  adobe — quartermaster's,  236  by  24  feel ;  commissary,  200  b\  24 
feet;  condition  good.     Additional  store-houses  are  required. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital  built  of  adobe,  124  by  24:  feet,  in  good  condition — 
not  built  for  the  purpose,  and  therefore  lacks  many  accommodations.  No  guardhouse.  The  entire 
post  should  be  rebuilt  if  it  is  to  be  permanent. 

Supply-depots,  <\''. — Quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  at  Saint  Louis.  Missouri,  two 
thousand  two  hundred  and  thirty- three  miles  distant.  "The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  river,  which 
is  closed  for  navigation  early  in  the  fall.  Supplies  should  lie  sent  early  in  the  spring,  as  many 
articles  spoil  later  in  the  season.  Fresh  vegetables  are  always  needed,  and  some  means  should  be 
devised  to  supply  potatoes  at  least. 

Subsistence. — To  June  30,  (.871,  ou  hand,  bul  of  many  articles  a  far  greater  supply  is  on  hand. 

Water  and  "WOOD. — The  posl  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Missouri   River,  a  distance  of 
seven  hundred  and  fifty  yards,  by  wagon.    There  are  wells,  but  the  water  is  not  good.     Wood  sup 
plied  by  contract,  and  cut  on  the  reservation. 

Indians.—  Nearest  (Julians  are the  Assinaboines, Gros  Ventres,  >  friendly,)  Sioux,  I  nk  papas,  and 
Cut  Heads,  (hostile.) 

MINES. — None  are  known  in  the  \  ieinitx  of  the   post.  • 

Cummi  nication.  —  Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  b\  the  Missouri  l.'iver.  No  public  land 
conveyance. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  posl  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  bj  the 
I 'resident.  Thirty  miles  square  held  reserved,  as  described  and  announced  in  General  Orders  No. 
LM,  Headquarters  Department  of  Dakota,  dated  Julj  16,  1868. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS    ^.ND  STATIONS.  23J 

I  (escription  of  coi  ntry,  Ov ( '. — The  count n  around  the  post  is  uot  arable.  A  plain  of  per- 
haps two  miles  in  width  stretches  from  the  river  to  a  ridge  of  bills,  the  ancient  banks  of  the  Mis- 
souri River;  this  plain  would  produce  crops  if  il  could  be  irrigated.  Thecouutry  is  badly  watered. 
Occasionally  along  the  river,  strips  of  land  are  found  capable  of  producing  corn  and  vegetables;  a 
garden  has  been  made,  and  good  vegetables  maj  be  raised  it'  properlj  watered.    The  soil  is  alkali. 

Timber,  cotton- w 1,  which  makes  \  ery  inferior  lumber.    The  Missouri  River  has  its  rise  in  June ; 

during  the  summer  season  it  is  not  fordable,  but  in  the  fall  it  may  be  crossed  in  many  places.  The 
grass  is  what  is  known  as  buffalo-grass.  Tke  climate  is  one  of  extremes,  being  excessively  not  in 
summer,  and  extremely  cold  in  winter.  The  extreme  beat  of  summer  is  of  shorl  dura!  ion.  and  the 
nights  are  always  cool ;  winter  sets  in  early  in  December,  and  lasts  until  near  the  first  of  April- 
The  cold  is  continuous  and  sc\  ere  :  v\  iud  and  snow  storms  are  of  common  occurrence  ;  suow  some 
times  Calls  to  a  depth  of  two  feet,  which  is  the  greatest  depth  ever  known  hen-.  The  atmosphere  is 
dry,  and  the  variations  in  temperature  are  uot  as  observable  as  in  more  humid  climates.  The  fall 
of  rain  is  very  small,  the  annual  average  for  two  years  being  about  nine  and  a  quarter  inches.  The 
health  of  the  locality  is  excellent,  and  there  are  no  prevailing  diseases.  There  are  no  settlements 
within  several  hundred  miles.  If  the  country  was  adapted  to  agriculture  it  would  not  be  possible 
to  cultivate  it  until  the  Indians  are  subdued. 


CAMP  COOKE,  MONTANA  TERRITORY. 
(Established  July,  1S««.) 

INFORMATION  GIVES  BY  BREVET  .MA. lot;  X.  W.  OSBORNE,  CAPTAIN,  THIRTEENTH   INFANTRY,  At  (il  ST, 

1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  17  30'  (about;)  longitude  from  Greenwich,  (about,)  LOS  .  Post-office* 
Benton,  Montana  Territory,  seventy-four  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement.  The  post 
is  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  near  the  month  of  Judith  River. 

Quarters. — For  three  hundred  men,  built  of  adobe  and  cotton-wood— in  good  condition. 

Store-HOTJSES. — Four,  HIT  by  20  by  S  feet,  built  of  cotton-wood,  in  poor  condition  ;  stores  not 
secure  at  all  times  from  bad  weather,  and  no  protection  whatever  against  rats. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital  built  of  adobe  and  cotton-wood.  Guard-house  built 
of  cotton-wood:  other  public  buildings  constructed  of  adobe  and  cotton  wood  combined.  All  the 
buildings  are  very  frail  and  may  be  considered  unserviceable. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Omaha, 
Nebraska,  two  thousand  one  hundred  and  eighty  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Mis- 
souri River,  considered  navigable  to  this  point  from  middle  of  May  to  middle  of  July;  this  year 
the  first  boat  reached  the  post  ou  the  ISth  May,  and  the  last  boat  down  left  on  the  8th  July.  The 
expense  attending  other  means  of  transportation  will  confine  the  transportation  of  supplies  to  the 
Missouri  River,  which  is  the  only  practicable  route. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Two  years'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand.  The  early  close  of  navigation  has 
prevented  the  receipt  of  supplies  this  year,  and  in  three  months  some  important  articles  will  run 
short,  unless  replaced  by  contractors'  wagons  coming  in  from  the  last  landing  on  the  river. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Missouri  River  by  wagon.  Wood 
furnished  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Blackfeet  and  River  Crows. 

Mines. — A  coal  mine  (above)  on  the  Missouri  River,  distant  thirty-nine  miles  by  land. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  the  Missouri  River:  when  navigation 
is  (dosed  there  is  no  public  land  conveyance. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  winch  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 


232  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AN  I  >  STATIONS. 

President.    The  amount  of  land  held  reserved  is  estimated  at  fourteen  miles  long  by  one  ami  a  half 
miles  wide,  principally  on  the  bottom  of  the  Judith  River. 

Description  of  country  ,  &c. — Rocky  hills,  rolling  prairie  and  bluffs  in  the  vicinity  of  tin- 
post.  Upon  the  bottom  lands,  which  are  subject  to  overflow,  the  soil  is  arable,  but  requires  to  be 
irrigated;  heavy  strong  crops  would  nol  be  successful,  but  quick-growing  vegetables  for  use  of 
troops  would  succeed;  the  soil  is  a  clayey  loam,  and  a  deposit  from  the  action  of  the  Missouri, 
peculiar  to  the  "bad  lands"  and  vicinity  ;  and,  beyond  the  strictly  bottom  lands,  is  not  susceptible 
of  cultivation.  Grass,  coarse  but  nutritious,  limited  in  quantity.  Timber,  cotton- wood  exclusively, 
scarce.  Missouri  River  rises  in  April,  not  fordable  at  this  point.  Judith  River  tlows  into  the  Mis- 
souri about  four  hundred  yards  below  the  post,  and  is  a  quick  mountain-stream,  not  navigable — 
fordable,  excepting  at  times  in  the  early  spring.  The  climate  is  similar  to  that  of  Southern  Ohio 
and  Pennsylvania,  except  that  the  heats  of  summer  are  seldom  continuously  as  warm  ;  on  occasional 
days,  however,  the  thermometer  goes  much  higher — one  day  this  summer  being  114°  in  the  shade.  In 
winter  strong  winds  cause  a  very  low  temperature — sometimes  40c  below  zero;  nights  cool.  The 
locality  is  ordinarily  very  healthy,  but  it  lias  not  been  so  this  summer.  Average  temperature  for 
year  ending  August  31,  1869,  about  16°. 


FORT  ELLIS,  MONTANA  TERRITORY. 

(Established  August  27,  1807.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  COLONEL  A.  G.  BRACKETT,  LIEUTENANT,  SECOND  CAVALRY,  AUGUST, 

1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  15°  15';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  HO"1  53'.  Post-office,  Bozeman,  Mon- 
tana Territory,  three  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement.  The  post  is  situated  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  East  Gallatin  River. 

QUARTERS. — Three  sets  company  quarters,  10!)  by  20  feet,  built  of  round  pine  logs  with  dirt 
roots,  boarded  over,  in  very  poor  condition.  Additional  quarters  necessary  if  four  companies  of 
cavalry  and  three  of  infantry  remain  here. 

Store-houses. — Three,  20  by  um  feet,  for  quartermaster  and  commissary  supplies.  Forage- 
house  20  by  132 feet. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital  built  of  logs.  30  by  10  feet.  A  new  hospital  has  been 
ordered  to  be  built.  Guard-house  in  one  of  the  block  houses.  Bakery  and  carpenter's  shop  built  of 
logs.  Adjutant's  office,  and  all  the  other  buildings,  small  and  poorly  built.  No  good  buildings  at 
the  post. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — 'I'm-  ueares!  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Omaha, 
Nebraska,  distant  about  two  thousand  four  hundred  miles  by  the  Missouri  River;  overland,  about 
one  thousand  five  hundred  miles.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  river;  closed  from  July  until 
April  or  May — an  unsafe  and  unreliable  route.  Three  or  more  boats  loaded  with  stoics  tor  the  post 
weie  wrecked  last  year.  The  best  route,  it  is  believed,  would  be  by  rail  from  Omaha  to  Corinne, 
thence  by  wagons ;  by  this  route  supplies  could  lie  forwarded  at  any  time  between  March  and 
December,  with  no  risk  it\'  lo.>s.  and  little,  if  any,  increase  in  cost  over  river  transportation. 

Si  BSISTENCE. — Twelve  to  fifteen  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Watee  and  wood.— The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  West  Gallatin  River;  also,  by 
one  well.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  .Mountain  (.'rows,  Blackfeet,  and  Piegaus. 

Mines. — Emigrant  Gulch,  thirty-five  miles  distant.    Gold  in  small  quantities fouud  in  vicinity. 

Communication. —  Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road.  Stage  from  Bozeman 
Citj  to  Helena. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  whichtheposl  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  bj  the 
President.     No  record  al  the  posl  of  the  amount  oi  land  held  reserved. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  233 

Description  of  coi  ntry,  &c. — The  farming-land  near  the  post  is  good,  and  wheat  and  small 
grains  are  raised;  irrigation  is  necessary.  Good  gardens.  Grass,  mouutain,  excellent.  Timber, 
fl r,  spruce,  and  aspen.  Streams  rise  in  June  and  July,  generally  fordable;  the  rivers  have  good 
bridges.  Climate  very  cold  in  winter,  and  cool  and  pleasant  in  summer.  Gallatin  Valley,  including 
Kozeman  <  'ity,  has  a  population  of  about  one  thousand. 


FORT  RANDALL,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

(Established  1856.) 

INFORMATION    GIVEN    BY  BREVET  COLONEL  .1.  X.  G.  WHISTLER,  MAJOR  TWENTY-SECOND  INFANTRY, 
AUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  43°  11';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  98  1-".  Post-office  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river.  The  post  is  situated  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Missouri.  Yankton  ^distant  seventy 
miles  by  laud,  below  the  post,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

QUARTERS. — For  two  hundred  and  fifty  men — five  sets  for  fifty  men  each,  built  of  logs;  only 
two  sets  flt  for  occupation,  and  those  w  ith  decayed  foundations,  and  otherwise  so  dilapidated  as  to 
render  even  them  unfit  for  occupation.  Officers' quarters — wooden  buildings,  decayed  and  dilapi- 
dated.    Commanding  officer's  quarters  in  'air  condition. 

Storehouses. — Ten,  viz:  Quartermaster's,  five,  58  by  10  by  10  feet  each;  commissary,  five, 
41)  by  18  by  10,  84  by  22  by  0,  93  by  20  by  9,  58  by  IS  by  10,  and  79  by  20  by  10  feet  respectively  : 
condition,  decayed  foundations,  and  otherwise  dilapidated. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &C, — Hospital  and  guard-house — wooden  buildings,  in  a  dilapidated 
condition — poor  foundations,  considered  unsafe,  and  very  likely  to  breed  disease  from  their  decayed 
condition. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Sioux  ('ity. 
Iowa.  Main  supply-depots  are  at  Saint  Louis,  Missouri,  twelve  hundred  and  eighty-five  miles  dis- 
tant. The  route  of  supplj  is  by  the  Missouri  River,  closed  by  ice  from  1st  of  November  to  about 
1st  of  April. 

Subsistence. — Twelve  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  snpplied  with  water  from  theMissouri  River,  hauled  yi  wagons. 
Wood  supplied  by  con  dart. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Yankton,  (about  two  thousand  fivehnndred;)  Ponca,  (about 
nine  hundred,)  and  Brule,  (about  four  thousand.) 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

ComiUNlCATlON. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  stage. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  was  declared  by  the  President, 
under  date  of  March  11,  L8G0.     Twenty  (about)  miles  long,  and  about  eight  miles  wide. 

Description  of  COUNTRY',  &C. — Tlfl3  bottom  lands  of  the  Missouri  River  arc,  in  many  places, 
susceptible  of  cultivation,  and  will  raise  fine  crops  of  corn,  wheat,  potatoes,  &c.  The  country 
back  from  the  river  is  a  vast  rolling  prairie,  almost -perfectly  barren  ;  it  is  covered,  however,  with  a 
light  short  grass,  commonly  known  as  buffalo-grass,  which  is  very  nutritious,  and  retains  its  sub- 
stance through  the  long  severe  w  inter.  Timber,  cotton-wood  and  elm  on  the  islands  and  river  bot- 
toms. Streams  are  fordable.  The  water  in  the  vicinity,  excepting  the  Missouri  River,  is  generally 
alkaline.  Climate  dry  and  changeable.  Yearly  mean  temperature,  48° ;  extreme  heat.  July  29, 
1869,  106°  :  extreme  cold,  January  16,  1869,  1  .  Health  of  locality  very  good. 
30 


234  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

FORT  RANSOM,   DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

(Established  June  18,  L867.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET   MAJOR  L.  M.  KELLOGG,  CAPTAIN,  TWENTIETH  INFANTRY,  AUGUST, 

1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  40°  37';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  97°  30'.  Post-office,  Fort  Abercrom- 
bie,  Dakota  Territory.  McCauleyville,  Minnesota,  sixty  five  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or 
settlement. 

Quarters. — For  two  hundred  men,  built  of  logs;  in  -nod  condition  for  summer  use,  but 
require  to  be  ceiled  and  plastered  to  be  comfortable  Cor  winter  use.  Officers'  quarters  built  of 
squared  logs,  generally  in  good  condition,  some  repairs  needed.     Accommodation  for  seven  officers. 

Storehouses. — Quartermaster's,  one,  100  by  20  feet.  Commissary,  one,  100  by  27  feet,  with 
cellar  -10  by  20  feet.     Granary,  10  by  25  by  12  feet ;  all  built  of  logs  and  in  good  condition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital,  40  by  33  by  10  feet,  built  of  logs,  is  now  being  ceiled 
and  plastered,  which,  when  finished,  will  leave  it  in  good  condition.  Hospital  store-room,  20  by  20  by  lo 
feet,  built  of  logs,  iu  good  condition.  Guard-house,  30  by  20  by  10  feet,  built  of  logs,  in  good  con- 
dition. Adjutant's  office,  30  by  Hi  by  10  feet,  built  of  logs,  not  plastered,  in  fair  condition. 
Bakery,  34  by  21  by  10  feet,  built  of  logs,  in  good  condition.  Block-houses,  two,  I'D  by  21  by  13 
feet  each,  built  of  logs,  no  floors.  Laundresses'  quarters,  six,15  by  30  by  10  feet  each,  built  of  logs 
in  fair  condition.  Blacksmith's  shop,  40  by  12  feet,  built  of  logs,  in  fair  condition.  Iee-house,  30  by 
25  by  G  feet,  stone  and  earth,  good  condition.  Root-houses,  two,  stone  and  earth,  25  by  15  by  8 
feet ;  condition  good. 

Supply-depots,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  arc  at  Saint  Paul, 
Minnesota,  three  hundred  and  twenty  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  rail  to  Saint  Cloud, 
thence  by  wagons  via  Fort  Abercrombie  ;  obstructed  during  the  winter  season;  best  season  for 
transporting  supplies  is  the  summer. 

Subsistence. — Two  years'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand  ;  at  preseut there  is  thirty  mouths' 
supply  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  by  water  from  a  never-failing  spring,  five  hundred 
yards  distant.     Wood  supplied  by  contract,  and  also  by  the  labor  of  the  troops. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Yauktonnais,  Cut-Heads,  Sisseton,  andWahpeton  bands  of 
1  lakota  Sioux. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road. 

Peservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.  One  hundred  square  miles  held  reserved,  as  described  and  announced  in  General 
Orders  No.  42,  Headquarters  Department  of  Dakota,  dated  May  18,  1SG9. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  COUNTRY,  &C. — Polling  prairie,  with  many  small  ponds  and  lakes  scattered 
over  it:  nearly  all  the  land  is  well  adapted  for  grazing,  and  some  of  it  is  doubtless  arable.  Soil 
black,  sandy  loam.  The  valleys,  especially  the  bottom-lands  of  the  Cheyenne  Piver.  are  exceedingly 
fertile,  and  would  produce  bountiful  crops  of  spring  wheat*  oats,  barley,  and  potatoes,  and  also  the 
early  varieties  of  corn.  The  post  has  a  fair  garden  ;  potatoes,  beans,  and  peas  the  principal  vegeta- 
bles. On  the  reservation  there  are  extensive  meadow-lauds,  the  grass  being  of  the  tall,  coarse, 
prairie  kind.  Timber  abundant,  confined  mostly  to  the  valley  of  the  Cheyenne,  oak,  elm,  ash,  and, 
bass  wood.  Sand  and  clay,  suitable  for  making  brick,  are  found  in  the  vicinity  :  also  stone,  suita. 
I>le  for  making  good  lime.  The  Cheyenne  River  is  generally  tbrdable  in  most  places,  and  has  no 
:_.(  at  rise.  The  uealtb  of  the  locality  is  good  ;  average  temperature  foreighl  months,  from  Decem- 
ber, 1808,  to  July,  1869,  inclusive,  34°.39.  No  settlements  in  the  vicinity,  excepting  two  isolated 
ranches  between  the  post  and  Port  Abercrombie, 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  235 

FORT  KICK,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

Established  IS64.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  CA1"1'AI\   GEORGE  W.  HILL,  TWENTY-SECOND  INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  LSGi),  THE 

COMMANDING  OFFICER    AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  4i)  10';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  LOO  30'.  Post-office  at  the  post. 
The  post  is  situated  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Missouri  River.  Yankton,  six-  hundred  and  twenty 
five  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  four  full  companies,  built  of  pine  and  cotton  wood;  adobe-lined,  stone  founda 
tions.    Officers'  quarters,  seven  sets. 

Store-houses. — Quartermaster's,  (luce;  one,  90  l>>  20,  and  two,  125  by  18  feet  each.  Con 
ruissary,  three,  90  by  20  feet  each,  one  with  cellar.    Ordnance,  one,  30  by  20  feet :  all  new. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &C. — Hospital  and  guard-house.  Stables,  two  frame  and  two  built 
of  logs;  the  latter  to  be  replaced  by  frame  buildings. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Sioux  City, 
Iowa,  about  seven  hundred  and  fifty  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Missouri  River; 
dosed  from  1st  of  November  to  loth  of  April;  best  season  for  transporting  supplies,  from  latter 
end  of  April  to  the  1st  of  August. 

Subsistence. — Twelve  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Missouri  River  by  water- 
wagon.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Sioux. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post,  and  nearest  town  is  by  .Missouri  River  or  wagon-road. 

Reservation. —  Reservation  not  yet  declared.  No  record  at  post  of  the  amount  of  land  held 
reserved. 

Description  of  coi  N'J  kv,  &c. — Land  is  generallj  not  arable,  sparsely  timbered  and  watered. 
No  crops  have  been  raised,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  any  can  be.  ('■aniens  have  generally  been  a  failure 
from  drought  and  grasshoppers.  Soil  very  light  and  gravelly.  Timber,  cot  ton-wood,  elm,  ash,  and 
oak  in  limited  quantity*.  Streams  usually  rise  in  April;  all  fordable  at  low  water  except  the  Mis- 
souri River.  Climate  generally  dry  and  healthy.  Summer  short  and  hot;  thermometer  90c  to  I10c  ; 
winter  long  and  intensely  cold  ;  thermometer  frequently  10c  below  zero;  average  temperature  for 
the  year,  IT.]-'!.     Locality  generally  very  healthy.     No  settlements  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 


FORT  RIPLEY,  MINNESOTA. 

(Established  184S.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  LI'!.'  ET  MAJOR  E.  R.  PARRY,  CAPTAIN, TWENTIETH  INFANTRY,  AUG  UST,  It 

THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  4(1°  10' 30";  longitude  from  Greenwich,  94^  IS'  to".  Post-office  at  the  post. 
Crow  Wing,  seven  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

QUARTERS. — For  about  one  hundred  and  nineteen  men,  built  of  wood,  weather-boarded:  very 
much  in  need  of  repairs.  There  are  also  two  log  buildings,  built  during  the  war.  capable  of  quar- 
tering about  two  companies ;  condition  poor.  Officers'  quartersyeight  sets  built  of  wood  and  weather- 
boarded,  comfortable  and  convenient,  but  very  much  out  of  repair  ;  some  requiring  new  roofs  and 
new  foundations. 


236  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Store-houses. — Que, "with  capacity  fin-  supplies  (quartermaster  and  commissary)  for  one  year 
for  two  companies;  iu  good  condition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital,  built  of  wood  and  weather- boarded ;  accommodation 
for  eight  patients.  Guard-house,  built  of  wood  and  weather-boarded.  Two  large  stables,  with 
accommodation  for  all  the  animals,  wagons,  sleds,  hay,  &c,  of  the  command;  new  stables  are 
necessary. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  ami  subsistence  depots  are  at  Saint  Paul, 
Minnesota,  one  hundred  ami  twenty-five  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Saint  Paul 
and  Pacific  Railroad  to  Sauk  Rapids,  the  terminus  of  the  road,  thence  by  wagons  or  sleds; 
obstructed  only  in  case  of  heav\  snow  storms,  or  for  a  few  days  (lining  the  spring  and  fall.  v.  hen  the 
ice  in  the  Mississippi  River  is  breaking  or  forming:  June,  July,  and  August  are  the  best  months 
for  transporting  supplies. 

Subsistence. — Twelve  mouths' supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

WAter  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Mississippi  River  by  water- 
wagon  ;  three  wells  at  post,  but  of  no  practical  use.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

INDIANS. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Chippewas. 

Mines. — Xone  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  bj  stage. 

RESERVATION. — Reservation  not  yet  declared.     One  mile  square  held  reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  country  is  generally  undulating,  capable  of  yielding 
line  crops  of  wheat,  corn,  oats,  and  most  of  the  staple  vegetables.  Soil  sandy.  There  is  a  garden 
at  the  post  in  which  will  be  raised  this  season  (if  nothing  happens  to  prevent)  potatoes  sufficient 
I'm  the  command  until  next  planting  season.  Grass,  prairie,  or  what  is  known  in  this  section  as 
"  blue-joiut"  and  "pea-vine,"  a  very  nutritious  and  sweet  grass,  which  is  harvested  for  use  at  the 
post.  Timber,  oak,  bass-wood,  maple,  &c,  in  abundance.  Streams  rise  in  spring,  but  not  to  anj 
damaging  extent:  crossings  made  by  good  bridges.  Climate  dry  and  healthy,  generally  very  cool, 
and  sometimes  during  the  winter  it  is  excessively  cold  :  average  temperature  about  41°.  No  settle 
ments  nearer  than  Green  Prairie.  A  farm  of  about  ninety  acres  is  under  cultivation  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river. 


FOET  SHAW,  MONTANA  TERRITORY. 

(Established  .luly.  LS67.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  BRIGADIER  GENERAL  P.  R.  DE  TROBRIAND,  COLONEL,  THIRTEENTH 
INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1869,  THE   COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  !7  30'03";  longitude  from  Greenwich,  111  Hi'.  Post-office  at  the  post. 
The  post  is  situated  on  the  rigbl  bank  of  the  Sun  River,  and  about  fifteen  miles  from  its  confluence 
with  the  Missouri.     Sun  River  Crossing,  six  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

QUARTERS. — For  aboul  five  hundred  men,  built  of  adobe  and  wood,  with  stone  foundations. 
Habitable,  but  unfinished. 

Store-houses. — One  built  of  adobe  ami  wood,  with  stone  foundation.  90  by  33,  with  two 
wings,  (il  J,  by  30  feet,  in  good  condition  ;  also  one  temporary  wooden  building,  90  bj  33,witb.two 
wings.  CI.]  by  30  feet,  very  much  in  need  of  repairs.  Granary,  with  capacity  for  200.000  pounds 
grain. 

Hqspital,  guard -house,  &c. — Hospital  built  of  adobe  and  wood,  with  stone  foundation. 
Guard  house  built  of  stone;  condition  of  both,  unfinished;  they  will  be  completed  as  soon  as  cir- 
cumstances will  permit.     The  other  public  buildings  are  of  adobe  ami  wood,  with  stone  foundations. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  uearesl  quartermaster  depot  is  at   Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  two 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  237 

thousand  two  hundred  and  sixty-three  miles  distant ;  subsistence  depot   at  Saint  Louis,  Missouri, 

two  thousand  five  hundred  and  eleven  miles.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Missouri  River  to  Fori 
Benton,  the  head  of  navigation  ;  thence  by  wagons  over  a  comparatively  good  prairie  load:  the 
length  of  time  this  route  is  available  varies;  navigation  usually  opens  the  latter  part  of  May,  and 
some  years  remains  open  until  the  latter  part  of  July  or  beginning  of  August ;  but  this  season  no 
boats  coidd  reach  Fort  Benton  alter  the  27th  of  June. 

Subsistence. — Twelve  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  baud. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  wafer  from  Sun  River — a  clear  stream,  (lowiug 
easterly,  in  the  immediate  vicinity.     Wood  supplied  h,\  contract. 

Indians.— Nearest  Indians  are  the  Piegan,  Blackfeet,  and  Peud  d'Oreilles. 

Mines. — Nearest  mines  are  the  Whitlatch  Union  and  Parkinson  mine. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  a  line  of  stages  running  every  other 
day. 

Reservation.— The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  uol  been  declared  by  the 
President.     Thirty-two  (about)  square  miles  held  reserved. 

Description  OP  country,  &c— The  country  is  not  well  adapted  to  agricultural  pursuits; 
some  portions  only  of  the  prairie  bottom  may  be  cultivated  ;  the  country  in  the  vicinity  furnis 
grazing  and  a  little  hay  in  some  places;  the  soil  is  rather  light,  affording  but  a  scanty  covering  to 
the  underlying  gravel  and  pebbles.  A  good  garden  is  sustained,  situated  in  the  bottom,  about  half 
a  mile  from  the  post,  irrigated  by  an  extensive  ditch  running  through  it;  a  constant  supply  of  water 
is  necessary,  and  irrigation  is  indispensable,  but  owing  to  the  absence  of  springs  the  water  must 
be  obtained  from  the  river.  During  the  spring  months  the  river  rises  to  an  unusual  size  from  the 
melting  of  the  snow  in  the  mountains,  when  it  is  not  fordable.  The  climate  is  highly  salubrious. 
and  the  atmosphere  very  dry  and  rarified  ;  a  moderate  proportion  of  snow  falls  in  the  winter  and 
much  rain  in  the  spring  months:  the  summer  and  fall  are  almost  invariably  dry  and  clear:  winds 
are  exceedingly  prevalent  at  all  seasons,  and  of  a  velocitj  scarcely  surpassed.  The  locality  is 
exceedingly  healthy.  The  average  temperature  for  the  months  of  1SC8  was  as  follows  :  January, 
lio.i'9;  February,  30°.1S ;  March,  10°.57  ;  April, 47°47 ;  May,  52°25;  June,  64°.ll;  July,70°.98; 
August,  6S°.35;  September,  5()o.42;  October,  17  .  t:: -.  November.  3G°.65;  December,  26°12.  Sun 
River  Crossing,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement,  has  a  population  of  about  thirty.  Benton  City, 
sixty  miles  distant,  has  a  fixed  population  of  about  one  hundred  and  fifty,  and  a  floating  population 
of  about  four  hundred. 


FORT  SNELLING,  MINNESOTA. 


(Established  LS20.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  MAJOR  GENERAL  GEORGE  SYKES,  COLONEL,  TWENTIETH  INFANTRY, 
AUGUST,  I860,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  44°, "»2'  45";  longitude  from  Greenwich,  93c  04'  54".  Post-office  at  the  post. 
Saint  Paul,  about  six  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  four  companies:  built  of  stone  in  1830;  shingle  roofs:  condition  very  poor 
and  dilapidated. 

Store-houses. — Two;  capacity  ample.    One  good,  and  the  other  in  poor  condition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c— Hospital  built  of  stone  in  1S30;  shingle  roof,  in  fair  condi- 
tion. Guard-house  in  poor  condition.  Several  outbuildings  were  built  during  the  war  and  are  now 
used  by  military  store-keeper;  a  large  stone  prison  was  also  built,  which  is  likewise  used  by  military 
store-keeper. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Saint  Paul, 
Minnesota.  Main  supply-depots  at  Saint  Louis,  Missouri,  distant  six  hundred  and  thirty-one  miles 
by  rail,  and  seven  hundred  and  ninety-one  miles  by  river.     The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  Mississippi 


238  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Uiver.    Supplies  transported  by  steamboat  from  the  month  of  May  until  navigation  isclosed  bj  ice. 

Subsistence. — Six  to  nine  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  baud. 

Water  and  "wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  a  spring,  and  from  Minnesota  Ltiver 
by  stationary  steam-engine  forcing  water  into  a  cistern  inside  the  parade,  thence  by  water-pip es to 
quarters.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Chippewas,  in  Northern  Minnesota,  and  Sioux,  in  Western 
Minnesota. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road.  Steamboat  landing  at 
the  post  during  high  water.  Railroad  depots  at  Saint  Paul.  Minnesota,  or  Minneapolis — about  six 
miles  distant  from  the  post. 

Reservation. — Reservation  not  yet  declared.     Six  to  seven  thousand  acres  held  reserved. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  country  is  fertile,  well  watered  and  timbered,  line 
wheat  region.     Good  gardens.     Climate,  thought  to  be  unequalled  for  salubrity. 


FORT  STEVENSON,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

(Established  June,  1S67.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  I'.V  CAPTAIN  S.  A.  WAINWRIGHT,  TWENTY-SECOND  INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  L869,  'nit: 

COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  47  30';  longitude  from  Greenwich,  101° 30'.  Post-office  at  the  post.  The 
post  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  Douglas  Creek  with  the  Missouri  River.  Pembina,  Dakota  Ter- 
ritory, two  hundred  and  seventy-five  miles  distant,  near  the  line  of  the  British  frontier,  the  nearest 
town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  two  hundred  and  thirty-eight  men  :  built  of  adobe;  in  good  condition.  Offi- 
cers' quarters,  three  adobe  buildings. 

Store-houses.— Two,  one  built  of  logs  for  quartermaster's  supplies,  and  one  built  of  adobe, 
for  both  quartermaster  and  commissary  supplies  :  capacity  ample  for  all  the  stores  required  at  the 
post ;  condition  good.     A  new  store-house  is  to  be  erected. 

Hospital,  guard-hoi'se,  &c. — Hospital  and  guard-house  built  of  adobe;  one  adobe  build- 
ing used  for  offices,  &c. :  also,  two  log  buildings  used  as  temporary  quarters  for  storing  public  prop- 
erty. 

Suppey-Depots,  &C. — Quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Saint  Louis,  Missouri, 
two  thousand  miles  distant  by  the  Missouri  River.  The  route  of  supply  is  by  the  river, 
which  is  considered  the  safest  and  most  economical  method  of  transportation  to  this  post.  Naviga- 
tion generally  opens  in  April  and  closes  in  November. 

Subsistence. — Twelve  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

WATER  and  wood. — The  post  is  suppled  with  water  from  the  Missouri  River.  Wood  supplied 
li\  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Arickaiees,  Gn>s- Ventres,  and  Mandans,  located  at  fort 
Berthold. 

Mines. — A  coal  mine  about  two  and  a  half  miles  distant  is  being  worked. 

COMMUNICATION. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  overland  Government  transportation 
and  stage  route. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.  It  has  been  announced  and  described  in  General  Orders  No.  I'1.  Headquarters  Depart- 
ment of  Dakota,  dated  June  10,  1868. 

Description  op  country,  &c.— The  laud  in  the  immediate  vicinity  is  not,  strictlj  speaking. 

arable  at  the  present    time  :   after  considerable  tillage,  say  three  or  four  years,  it   may  produce  \  eg- 
elation  sufficieni  to  repay  the  amount  of  labor  and  means  required.     At  Fori  Berthold,  distan!  fifteen 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITAEY  POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  239 

miles,  where  the  Indians  have  had  the  land  under  cultivation  for  ;i  number  of  years,  good  crops  of 
corn,  &'c,  are  raised  by  the  tribes  residing  there.  .V  garden  is  being  worked  for  the  benefit  of  the 
command.  Timber,  principally  cotton-wood,  about  twelve  miles  distant.  The  grazing  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  post  is  good.  Water  abundant  at  all  seasons.  Climate  healthy.  Health  of  locality 
excellent.  Average  temperature  41°.36.  No  settlements  nearer  than  Pembina,  the  population  of 
which  is  at  present  estimated  at  twenty-live  hundred,  principally  Canadian  and  French. 


FORT  SULLY,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

I  Established  Julj  25,  LSGGVj 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  MAJOR  GENERAL  D.  S.  STANLEY,  COLONEL  TWENTY-SECOND  INFAN- 
TRY, AUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFK  ER  AT  THE   TIME. 

Location. — Latitude  44° 20';  longitude  from  Greenwich,    100°  10'.     Post-office  a1  the   post. 

Yankton,  Dakota  Territory,  two  hundred  and  fifty  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — For  tour  companies,  built  of  squared  cotton-wood  logs,  weather-boarded  with  pine, 
painted  and  plastered;  condition  good,  but  built  too  contracted  and  without  regard  to  ventilation. 

Stork  houses. — Quartermaster's,  two,  one  230  by  22  feet,  and  one  120  by  24  feet,  two  stories. 
Commissary,  two,  one  22S  by  17  feet,  with  cellar,  and  one  50  by  22  feet,  with  half  cellar,  all  in  good 
condition. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital,  with  double  "  L,"  built  of  squared  logs,  weather- 
boarded  and  plastered,  contains  six  rooms  and  one  Luge  waul ;  condition  good,  but  considered  too 
narrow  by  medical  men  ;  ventilation  bad.  Guard-house  and  prison-room  in  main  barracks,  occupy- 
ing opposite  sides  of  sally-port;  condition  good.  Magazine  of  brick,  20  bj  •"><>  feet, condition  good. 
Laundresses'  quarters,  three  sets,  frame,  in  good  condition.  Stables,  shops,  and  icehouse  tern 
porary. 

SUPPLY-DEPOTS,  &C. — The   nearest  quartermaster  and   subsistence  depots  are  at  Sioux  I 
Iowa,  three  hundred  and  eighteen  miles  distant.     The  route  of  supply  is  by  the   Missouri  River, 
closed  from  middle  of  November  to  middle  of  March  ;  best  season  for  transporting  supplies  from  1st 
of  May  to  1st  of  August. 

Subsistence. — Twelve  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  A~sn  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Missouri  River  by  wagon.  Wood 
supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  (he  Sioux,  (including  Upper  and  Lower-^)  STanktonnais,  Black- 
feet  Sioux,  Two  Kettles,  Sans  Ares,  Minpecoujou,  Upper  Brule",  and  Ogallala. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  steamboat  or  wagon-road. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.  Forty-two  (about)  square  miles  held  reserved,  as  described  and  announced  in  General 
Orders  No.  40,  Headquarters  Department  of  Dakota,  dated  May  24,  1869. 

Description  op  COUNTRY,  &C — Land  along  the  Missouri  River  bottom  rich;  bottom-land 
averages  aboutone  mile  wide.  Grass  luxuriant,  but  only  in  wet  seasons ;  during  seasons  of  drought 
(as  at  present)  it  is  very  difficult  to  procure  hay.  Wood  sufficient  to  supply  this  post  for  forty  years 
within  ten  miles,  mostly  cotton-wood,  with  a  small  amount  of  ash  and  oak.  Potatoes,  of  good 
quality,  raised  at  the  post ;  garden  vegetables  difficult  to  raise  on  account  of  grasshoppers.  Climate 
severe  in  winter,  and  subject  to  storms;  thermometer  goes  as  low  as  40°  below  zero,  yet  men  work 
out  and  travel  with  care.  This  summer  the  thermometer  has  been  114°  in  the  shade.  Locality 
healthy.  No  settlements.  Cheyenne  reservation  seven  miles  distant,  on  opposite  side  of  the  river. 
Indians  that  live  here,  peaceable;  but  visited  by  hostile  Sioux  from  the  Yellowstone  and  other 
points. 


240  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATION'S. 

FORT  TOTTEN,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

(Established  1867.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  GEORGE   A.  WILLIAMS.  MAJOR  TWENTIETH 
INFANTRY,  AUGUST,  1869,  THE  COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  ±7°  59' 06";  longitude  from  Greenwich,  98°  54'.  Lost  office  at  Fort  Aber- 
crombie,  Dakota  Territory.  The  post  is  situated  on  the  southeastern  snore  of  Devil's  Lake.  Saint 
Joseph,  Minnesota,  one  hundred  and  ten  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settlement. 

Quarters. — Temporary  log-huts,  in  miserable  condition.  The  troops  would  be  much  better  in 
tents,  and  will  probably  sutler  the  coming  winter.  Xew  quarters  of  brick  for  four  companies  are  in 
process  of  construction; -one  of  the  barracks,  and  part  of  another,  are  built,  but  orders  from  depart- 
ment headquarters  prevent  its  use  at  present  by  troops.  Commanding  officer's  and  officers'  quar- 
ters in  process  of  construction,  of  brick;  foundation  of  the  first  and  of  one  of  the  latter  is  laid. 

STOREHOUSES. — Log  buildings,  with  loose  dirt  root's,  leaky  and  in  verj  poor  condition.  Two 
new  brick  store-houses  are  in  process  of  construction. 

Hospital,  GUAKD-HOUSE,  &C. — Ilospital  in  process  of  construction,  of  brick,  foundation  laid. 
All  the  buildings  at  the  post  and  now  in  use  are  built  of  logs,  w  ith  loose  dirt  roofs,  and  in  very  bad 
condition.    The  post  is  being  rebuilt  of  brick. 

Supply-depots,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Saint  Paul, 
Minnesota,  four  hundred  and  fifty-three  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  is  at  present  by  the 
Missouri  River  to  Port  Stevenson,  thence  by  wagon-road  ;  the  overland  route  is  considered  the  best. 
The  river  route,  though  not  so  certain  and  expeditious,  is  cheaper — although  but  very  little;  not 
enough  to  pay  the  risk  of  loss  on  the  river,  together  with  damage  and  wastage,  which  is  great. 

Subsistence. — Twelve  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  a  spring  about  three  hundred  yards 
distant;  water  good  and  abundant.     Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Sisseton  and  Wahpeton  Sioux. 

Mines. — None  are  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  wagon-road. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.  Ten  (about)  miles  square  held  reserved,  as  described  and  announced  in  General  Orders 
No.  55,  Headquarters  Department  of  Dakota,  dated  June  30,  18ii'.». 

Description  of  country,  &C. —  Land  arable,  but  the  season  is  considered  too  short  to  raise 
crops  or  vegetables.  Gardens  have  not  been  attempted,  and  it  is  not  known  whether  they  would  be 
successful  or  not.  Grass,  prairie,  of  good  quality.  Timber,  oak,  poplar,  ash,  elm,  and  bass-wood. 
around  the  lake.  Streams  are  fordable,  and  they  have  but  little  rise.  Climate  changeable;  in 
winter  the  thermometer  falls  40°  below  zero.  Health  of  the  locality  good.  No  settlements  near 
except  Indians. 


FORT  WADSWORTH,    DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

(Established  .Inly  26,  1864.) 

INFORMATION  GIVEN  BY  BREVET  LIEUTENANT  COLONEL  J.  C,  BATES,  CAPTAIN,  TWENTIETH  INFANTRY, 
M  GUST,  1869,  Till:   COMMANDING  OFFICER  AT  THE  TIME. 

Location.— Latitude  I5°43'30";  longitude,  from  Greenwich,  97°j30'.  Post-office  at  the  post. 
Sauk  Centre,  Minnesota,  one  hundred  and  thirty-seven  miles  distant,  the  nearest  town  or  settle 
ment. 

Quarters.— For  four  companies,   built  of  stone;    condition — flooring  bad,   inconveniently 


DESCRIPTIONS  OK  MIL1TAE?   POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  241 

arranged,  badly   lighted  and  ventilated.    Officers' quarters  brick,  38  by  125  and  38  by  45  feet,  floor 
ing  bad. 

Store-houses. — One,  built  of  logs,  24  by  150  feet,  8  feel  high  :  root'  and  flooring  bad. 

Hospital,  guard-house,  &c. — Hospital,  brick,  one,  and  a  half  stories  high,  33  by  60  feet ; 
needs  plastering.  Guard-bouse,  brick,  22  by  •"<<>  feet,  flooring  very  bad.  Adjutant's  office,  stone,  ID  by 
25  feet,  good  condition.  Stable,  stone,  36  by  240  feet,  very  good.  Carpenter's,  wheelwright's,  and 
blacksmith's  shops,  two-storj  log  building,  in  good  condition.  Cavalry  stables  built  of  logs  ;  worth- 
less. 

Supply-depots,  &C. — The  nearest  quartermaster  and  subsistence  depots  are  at  Saint  Cloud, 
Minnesota,  one  hundred  and  ninety  seven  miles  distant.  Main  supply  depots  at  Saint  Paul,  Minne- 
sota, three  hundred  miles  distant.  The  route  of  supply  from  Saint  Paul  is  by  rail  to  SaiutCloud — 
thence  by  wagons  via  Sauk  Centre:  obstructed  (luring  the  months  of  January,  February,  and 
March;  best  seasons  tor  transporting  supplies  from  June  to  September. 

Subsistence. — Twelve  months'  supply  is  usually  kept  on  hand. 

Water  am»  wood. — The  post  is  supplied  with  water  from  lakes  two  hundred  yards  distant. 
Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

INDIANS. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Sisseton  and  Wahpeton  bands  of  Sioux. 

Mines. — None  art'  known  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Communication. — Between  post  and  nearest  town  is  by  stage. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  on  which  the  post  is  situated  has  not  been  declared  by  the 
President.  A  tract  of  '.)  by  15  miles  held  reserved,  as  described  and  anuounced  in  General  Orders 
No.  41,  Headquarters  Department  of  Dakota,  dated  October  1,  1867. 

Description  OF  country,  &C. — Land  arable;  high-rolling  prairies,  interspersed  with  many 
lakes,  very  sparsely  timbered  along  the  margin  of  the  lakes  with  scrub-oak,  water-elm,  lytin,  and 
cotton-wood.  Corn  and  potatoes  are  raised,  and  from  the  appearance  of  the  land  most  cereals 
might  be.  Soil  sandy  loam.  Several  good  gardens  are  in  course  of  cultivation  for  use  of  thecom- 
mand.  Grass  abundant  and  suitable  for  hay.  No  streams  in  vicinity  of  post.  Seasons  mild  and 
dry;  no  dews;  average  temperature — February,  1S09,  12°;  July,  69°.29 ;  locality  very  healthy. 
Small  settlements  from  fifteen  to  thirty  miles  east  of  post.  No  other  settlements  within  seventj 
miles,  other  than  about  twelve  hundred  Indians  on  Lake  Traverse  reservation. 
31 


APPENDIX. 


CIRCULAE 


War  Department,  Quartermaster  General's  Office, 

October,  1S72. 
Tho  following  additional  information  is  derived  from  the  edition  of  1872  of  Outline  Descrip- 
tions of  the  Posts  in  tlie  Military  Division  of  the  Missouri,  which  was  not  received  at  this  Office 
until  after  the  preceding  pages  had  passed  through  the  press. 

M.  0.  MEIGS, 
Quartermaster  General,  Brevet  Major  General,  United  States  Army. 


INDEX  OF  POSTS  DESCRIBED  IN  APPENDIX. 


Page. 

Abercrombie,  Fort 2.">l 

Austin 263 

Baker,  Camp 255 

Bayard,  Fort 206 

Benton,  Fort 255 

Bliss,  Fort 271 

Bridger,  Fort 259 

Brown,  Fort 270 

Brown.  Camp 259 

Bu 6 .id,  Fort 254 

Cheyenne  Agency 256 

Clark,  Fort 268 

Concho,  Fort 269 

Craig,  Fort 20;, 

Cnmmings,  Fort 200 

Davis,  Fort 270 

Dodge,  Foil 262 

Douglas,  Camp 201 

Duncan,  Fort 270 

Ellis,  Fort 254 

Fetterman,  Fort 261 

Garland,  Fort 20 1 

Gibson,  Fort 271 

Grand  River  Agency 257 

Griffin,  Fort , 269 

Darker,  Fort 203 

1  lays,  Fort 263 

Laramie,  Fort 260 

Lamed,  Fort 20;; 

Leavenworth,  Fort 202 

Lower  Brule  Agency 256 

Lyon,  Fort 264 

Mcintosh,  Fort 270 

McKavett,  Fort 268 

McPherson,  Fort 258 

McKae,  Fort 265 


Pago. 

North  Platte  Station 258 

Omaha  Barracks 258 

Pembina,  Fort 252 

Quitman,  Fort 271 

Randall,  Fort 253 

Ransom,  Fort 252 

Reynolds,  Fort 201 

Rice,  Fort 253 

Richardson ,  Fort 269 

Riley,  Fort 262 

Ringgold  Barracks 270 

Ripley,  Fort 251 

Russell,  D.  A.,  Fort 259 

San  Antonio 268 

Sanders,  Fort 259 

Santa  Fe 200 

Scott,  Fort 263 

Selden,  Fort 266 

Shaw,  Fort 254 

Sidney  Barracks 258 

Sill,  Fort 27 1 

Snelling,  Fort 251 

Stambaugh,  Camp 260 

Stanton,  Fort 265 

Steele,  Fred.,  Fort 259 

Sti \  enson,  Fort 253 

Stockton,  Fort 269 

Sully,  Fort '. 253 

Supply,  Camp 267 

Totten,  Fort 252 

Tulerosa,  Fort 265 

Union,  Fort 204 

Wadsworth,  Fort 252 

Wallace,  Fort 263 

AVhetstono  Agency 251  i 

Wingate,  Fort 265 


MILITARY  DIVISION  OF  THE  MISSOURI. 


The  Military  1  >i vision  of  the  Missouri  n  as  established  .la unary  30,  1865,  and  Major  Genera]  John  Pope  assigned  to 
command. 

On  June  27,  of  the  same  year,  it  was  merged  into  the  Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi,  and  placed  under  c - 

niainl  of  Major  General  W.  T.  Sherman,  i  >n  August  6,  1 366,  the  stj  le  of  the  command  was  changed  to  the  Military 
Division  of  the  Missouri. 

(in  March  27,  1869,  General  Sherman  was  succeeded  by  Lieutenant  General  P.  II.  Sheridan. 

The  division  at  present  comprehends  four  military  departments,  viz: 

Dakota,  embracing  the  .State  of  Minnesota,  and  Territories  of  Montana  and  Dakota  ;  the  Platte,  embracing  the 
States  of  Iowa  and  Nebraska,  and  Territories  of  Wyoming  and  Utah;  the  Missoi  m,  embracing  the  States  of  Illinois, 
Missouri,  and  Kansas,  and  the  Territories  of  Colorado  and  New  Mexico;  and  Ti:\  \s,  embracing  the  Stale  of  Texas,  and 
the  Indian  Territory  north  of  Texas  and  south  of  Kansas. 

The  general  extent  of  the  division  is  from  British  America  on  the  north,  to  Mexico  on  the  south;  and  from  the 
Mississippi  River  on  the  oast,  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  on  the  west. 

The  State  of  Arkansas  was  taken  from  the  division  in  March,  1867 ;  and  in  March,  1869,  the  Stale  of  Illinois  and 
post  of  Fort  Smith,  Arkansas,  were  added  to  it.     On  June  27,  1871,  Fort  Smith  was  discontinued  as  a  military  station. 

The  Department  of  Texas  was  added  to  the  division  November  1,  1871,  since  which  time  the  extent  and  boundaries 
of  the  division  have  been  unchanged. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  DAKOTA. 


EMHRAI  ING 


THE   STATE  OF  MINNESOTA,  AND  TERRITORIES  OF  MONTANA  AM)    DAKOTA:    HEADQ1  ARTERS   SAINT 

PAUL,  MINNESOTA. 


POSTS. 
FORT  SHELLING,  MINNESOTA. 

[See  page  237. 

Location. — As  described  on  page  237,    Railroad  and  telegraph  stations  at  Mendota,  about  one  mile  distant. 
Quarters,  Ac. — For  two  companies,  built  of  stone  :  officers' quarters,  hospital,  chapel,  magazine,  guard-house,  and 
prison,  of  stone;  stables,  of  lumber,  need  repairs;  workshops,  &c.    All  the  out-buildings  require  new  roofs. 
Reservation. — Reduced  Maj  7,  1870,  to  1,531  acres,  embracing  a  cemetery  of  in  acres. 


FOIiT  EIPLBY,  MINNESOTA. 

[Abandonment  authorized.    See  page  235.] 

Location.— As  described  on  page  235.     1' ce  ami  telegraph-station  at   the  post.     Sauk  Rapids,  on  the  Saint 

Paul  I  Pacific  Railroad,  46  miles  distant.  The  Mississippi  River  here  is  navigable  only  for  small  steamers  from  Lit- 
tle Falls,  17  miles  below,  to  Pokegoma  Falls,  175  miles  above.  Brainard,  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  ami  Missis- 
sippi  River,  17  miles  distant.  On  completion  of  the  Brainard  branch  of  Saint  Paul  anil  Pacific  Railroad,  which  runs 
through  the  reservation,  on  opposite  side  of  the  river,  a  station  with  telegraph-office  w  ill  lie  placed  within  half  a  mile 
of  the  post . 

Quarters,  &C. — For  two  companies;  officers' quarters,  eight  sets.  All  the  bnildings  are  constructed  of  white 
pine,  and  aro  in  fiuo  condition. 

Supply-depots,  Ac. — Quartermaster's  stores  from  depot  at  Jeffersonville,  Indiana  :  subsistence  stores  from  depot 
at  Saint  Louis. 

Reservation. — Land  reserved  by  President,  September  15,  1849.    Area,  one  mile  sq 


FORT  ABEECEOMBIE,  DAKOTA  TEEEITOEY. 

[See  page  229.] 

Location. — As  described  on  page  229.  <  in  the  Red  River  of  the  North.  Post-office  at  the  post.  Telegraph  and  rail- 
road (Saint  Paul  and  Pacific)  station  at  Breckinridge,  12  miles  distant.  Morehead,  a  town  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road and  lied  River,  30  miles  distant.  The  Red  River  is  navigable  for  small  steamers.  This  point  is  the  head  of 
navigation  during  high  water. 

Quarters,  Ac. — Quarters  for  three  companie  quarters,  three  buildings;  hospital,  for  twelve  patients; 

guard-house ;  store-houses,  one  79  by  20  feet,  and  three  100  by  26  feet  each  ;  stables  for  sixty  animals  :  officers'  stables, 
35  by  26  feet;  two  magazines,  one  new  ami  one  old  ;  three  block-houses,  hake-house,  ice-house,  workshops,  &c.  All  the 
buildings  of  wood,  except  magazines,  which  are  built  of  brick.     The  buildings  are  in  fair  condition. 

Supply-depots,  Ac. — Supplies  are  furnished  from  depot  at  Saint  Paul,  \  ia  Breckinridge,  by  rail. 

Reservation;.— Declared  by  the  President,  April  1-?.  1867.     Reduced  in  1871.     Area,  about  13  square  miles. 
33 


252  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

FORT  WADS  WORTH,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

|  Src  page   J  III.  | 

Locati  ix.— As  described  on  page  240.  Nearest  telegraph  and  railroad  station  at  Morris,  Minnesota,  90  miles  east. 
Northeast  to  Fort  Abercrombie, 76 miles;  northwest  to  Fort  Ransom, 68  miles:  and  west  to  Fort  Eice,  Dakota  Territory, 
195  miles. 

Quarters,  &c— Quarters  for  four  companies;  two  stone  buildings  in  good  condition;  officers'  quarters,  two  brick 
buildings;  adjutant's  office,  built  of  stone  ;  hospital,  33  by  CO  feet,  U  stories,  built  of.brick  ;  guard-house,  brick  building 
of  one  story  ;  magazine,  stone  and  brick;  store-house,  '-'I  by  150  feet,  built  of  hewn  logs;  stable,  36  by  240  feet,  built  of 
sii ;  workshops,  laundresses'  quarters,  &c,  built  of  logs. 

Supply-depots,  Ac. — Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  stores  furnished  from  depot  at  Saint  Paul,  by  rail,  to  Mori  is  ; 
thence  by  wagons. 

Reservation. — Declared  by  President,  February  7,  1871.    Area,  about  128  square  mill  s. 


FORT  RANSOM,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

[Abandonment  authorized.    See  page  2:14.] 

Location.— As  described  on  page  234.  On  the  Cheyenne  River,  about  ?•">  miles  above,  its  junction  with  the  Red 
River  of  the  North,  and  To  miles  west  of  the  Minnesota  State  line.  Telegraph-station  at  Cheyenne  Crossing,  25  miles 
distant.    Wagon-roads  to  both  points  in  good  condition. 

Quarters,  Ac— For  one  hundred  men;  nine  Bets  of  officers' quarters ;  hospital  :  guard-house;  store-houses,  two, 
w  ith  capacity  for  two  years'  supplies;  stable  for  fifty  animals  ;  granary,  magazine,  Ac.  Buildings  are  constructed  of  logs, 
except  magazine,  which  is  built  of  stone. 

Supply-depots,  Ac — Quartermaster's  stores,  from  Fort  Snelling.  Subsistence  stores,  from  depots  at  Chicago  and 
Saint  Louis.     By  rail  to  Breckinridge,  thence  by  wagon  to  post. 

Reservation. — Declared  by  President,  January  11,  1870.    Area.  100  square  miles. 


FORT  TOTTEN,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

[See  page  240.] 

Location.— As  described  on  page  2  10.  Post-office  at  the  post.  Nearest  railroad  and  telegraph  at  Breckinridge,  172 
miles  distant. 

Ql  \i;n:i:s.  &c.— For  four  companies;  officers'  quarters,  five  buildings;  hospital:  guard-house,  magazine,  baki  in. 
offices,  two  store-houses,  with  capacity  for  a  year's  supplies,  grain  excepted.  Buildings  id' brick,  with  stone  foundations. 
Stockade  stable,  in  poor  condition.     Grain  stored  in  a  log  building. 

Supply-depots,  &c— Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  stores  furnished  from  depots  at  Chicago.  Saint  Louis,  and 
Saint  Paul  by  rail  to  Breckinridge;  thence  by  wagons,  172  miles. 

Reservation.— Declared  by  President,  January  11,  1870.     Area,  about  10  miles  square. 

Description  ok  COUNTRY,  Ac— Tho  surrounding  country  is  elevated  prairie,  extending  to  the  Missouri  River  on 
the  west  and  to  the  Pembina  and  Red  River  of  the  North  on  the  east.  Devil's  Lake  is  about  fifty  miles  in  length  and 
from  five  to  fifteen  miles  in  width ;  it  is  dotted  with  numerous  islands,  several  of  which  are  more  than  two  miles  long, 
all  well  timbered.  No  streams  enter  or  leave  the  lake;  its  waters  are  salt,  but  much  less  so  than  those  of  the  ocean. 
The  country  generally,  as  before  stated,  is  not  adapted  to  agriculture;  the  land  is  arable,  but  the  season  is  considered 
too  short  to  raise  crops  or  vegetables.     No  gardens  at  the  post.     Timber  scarce,  and  found  only  around  the  lake, 


FORT  PEMBINA,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY". 

[Established  July  8,  1870.    Not  hereinbefore  described.] 

I.m  moN.— Latitude  48    58  .  longitude  '.'7   .     ( In  the  left  hank  of  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  and  near  the  line  ol 
the  British  Possessions.    Post-offic,-,  Pembina,  I'  miles  distant.    Nearest  telegraph  station  at  Grand  Forks,  80  miles 
south,  on  the  Bed  River.     A  telegraph  line  to  Fort  Garry,  British  North  America,  passes  the  post,  and  an  office  at   the 
post  is  expected  to   he   soon   in    operation.      Nearest   railroad  station  at    Morchcad,  on  the  Northern  Pacific,  146  mil, 
distant.     Breckinridge,  on  the  Saint  Paul  and  1'aeilic  Railroad,  104  miles  distant.     Saint  Paul.  419  miles  distant. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY    POSTS  A.XII  STATIONS.  253 

Ql  lrtees. — For  two  hundred  nun,  two  buildings,  each  IT-  by  25  fei  i  :  offici  rs'  quarters,  lour  buildings,  each  con- 
taining two  Bets. 

]  [i  ispital,  &C. — Hospital  for  twelve  patients  :  guard-house  :  Btore-house,  L02by  30  feet,  two  stories  :  stable  for  fifty- 
sis  animals;  bake-house.  All  frame  buildings,  weatherboarded,  with  shingle  root's:  in  good  condition.  Magazine, 
built  of  brick;  workshops,  laundresses'  quarters, ice-house,  built  of  logs. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  stores  furnished  from  depots al  Saint  Paul  and  Fort  Snelling, 
.Minnesota,  by  rail,  to  Breckinridge  ;  thence  by  wagon-road. 

Water  and  Wood. — Water  obtained  from  Ked  River  by  wati  ipplied  by  contract. 

Subsistence.— Twelve  months'  subsistence  kept  on  hand. 

Indians. — The  Pembina  band  of  Chippewa  Indians,  numbering  about  three  hundred,  range  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
post.  Tbo  Turtle  Mountain  band  of  Chippewas  arc  scattered  through  the  country  as  far  west  as  Turtle  Mountain, 
160  miles  distant.     The  disposition  of  both  bands  is  at  present  fi  iendlj  . 

Reservation.— Declared  by  the  President,  <  tctoher  I,  1870.     Ana,  about   1,900  acres,  or  nearly  three  square  miles. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  surrounding  country  for  thirty  miles  is  flat  and  low.  The  land  is  arable  and 
well  watered,  but  its  agricultural  resources  have  not  as  yet  been  much  developed.     Most  ofthi   c<  i    cepl  corn,  can 

be  raised  ;  also  potatoes  and  turnips,  but  it  is  estimated  that  oue  crop  in  three  will  be  lost,  through  the  ravages  of 
grasshoppers.  Earlj  vegetables  can  in- raised  in  gardens.  The  timber  is  verj  scarce,  chiefly  oak,  with  a  little  cotton- 
wood.  Grass  good  and  abundant.  No  stone  or  sand  within  30  miles.  Streams  rise  in  April,  and  are  not  fordable  uutil 
about,  the  middle  of  May.  Climate  cold;  winter  sets  in  with  November,  and  continues  until  about  the  middle  of  April. 
Si  attering  settlements  along  the  Pembina  River,  mostly  half-breeds. 


FORT  RANDALL,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

[See  page  233.] 

Location. — As  described  on  page  233. 

Quarters,  &C. — For  four  companies;  officers' quarters,  six  buildings;  hospital;  guard-house;  store-houses,  two ; 
laundresses'  quarters.   The  foregoing  are  all  new  cotton-wood  buildings.   The  old  buildings  are  as  described  on  page  233 . 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  furnished  from  depot  at  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  by  water  trans- 
portation ;  clothiug  from  Jeffersonville,  Indiana. 

Communication. — Post-office  and  telegraph-station  at  post.  A  railroad  from  Sioux  City  to  Yankton  is  expected  to 
be  in  operation  by  September,  1872.  Wagon-route  from  Sioux  City,  via  Yankton  and  Springfield,  to  post,  150  miles- 
River  route,  275  miles. 


FORT  SULLY,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 
[See  page  239.] 
Location,  Ac— As  described  ou  page  239.    Post-office  and  telegraph-station  at  the  post. 


PORT  RICE,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

[See  page  -235.] 

Location. — As  described  on  page  235.     Nearest  post-office,  Grand  River  Agency,  Dakota,  85  miles  distant.     > 
telegraph-station  at   Fort  Sully,  Dakota,  160  miles  distant.      Sioux:  City,  Iowa.  503  miles  distant  by  land,  and  700  miles 
by  Missouri  River. 

RESERVATION. — Originally  declared  by  the  President   September  2,  1864.      Same  lands  declared  by  the  President 
under  date  of  January  22,  1867.     Area.  25  miles  long  and  about  7  miles  wide. 


FORT  STEVENSON,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

[See  page  238.] 

Location*. — As  described  on  page  238.     Nearest  telegraph-station  at  Fort  Sully,  Dakota  Territory,  252  miles  distant. 
Qu  lrters,  &.C— Quarters  for  two  companies  ;  officers'  quarters,  one  single  and  two  double  sets;  hospital ;  guard- 
bouse  :  store-house,  capacity  inadequate  ;  one  building  for  offices  and  armory.     All  adobe  buildings,  in  good  condition. 
RESERVATION. — Declared  by  President,  June  30,  1868.     Reduced  in  IsTo.     Area,  about  40  square  miles. 


254  DESCRIPTIONS  OP  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

POUT  BUFORD,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY, 
page  230.] 

Location. — As  described  on  page  230.  No  public  land-conveyance.  Mail  cornniunicatiori  Liti  flat  and  uncertain. 
Nearest  post-office,  Fort  Stevenson,  Dakota,  145  miles  distant.  Nearest  telegrapb  at  Fort  Sully.  Dakota,  397  miles 
distant  :  Yankton.  Dakota,  655  miles;  and  Sior.x  City,  Iowa,  740  miles  distant  ;  all  land  distances;  Sioux  City.  Iowa, 
1,215  miles  distant  by  river  route. 

(,M  irteks,  &C. — The  following  arc  new  buildings,  viz :  frame  officers' quarters,  one  building;  headquarters,  one 
building;  hospital,  guard-house,  bakery ;  store-houses,  four ;  offices;  magazine,  built  of  stone;  laundresses' quarters, 
stables,  saw-mill,  employes'  quarters,  Ac  built  of  boards  and  slabs. 

Si  pply-depots,  &C. — Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  stores  furnished  from  depots  at  (  hicago,  Saint  Louis,  Leaven- 
worth, and  Jeffersonville,  by  rail  to  Sioux  City  :  thence  via  Missouri  River. 

Subsistence. — Eighteen  months'  subsistence  kept  on  hand. 

Indians. — Rees,  Mandans,  Gros-Ventres,  Yanktonnais,  Sioux,  and  Uuepapas  constantly  surround  the  post.  The 
Rees  and  Mandans  are  trusted.  Some  of  the  Gros-Ventres  keep  away  from  their  agency,  and  are  mistrusted.  All  of  the 
Yanktonnais  are  regarded  as  treacherous ;  and  the  Sioux  and  Uncpapas  are  openly  hostile.  The  Assinaboines  here- 
tofore in  the  vicinity,  under  Red  Stone,  are  supposed  to  be  on  their  way  back.  Hostile  aud  ill-disposed  Indians  now  iu 
the  vicinity  can  muster  about  one  thousand  warriors. 

Reservation.— Declared  by  the  President,  An  just  18,  1863.    Reduced  in  1870.     Area,  about  30  square  miles. 


FORT  SHAW,  MONTANA  TERRITORY. 

[See  ; 

Location. — As  described  on  page  236.     Post-office  and  telegraph-station  at  tin   po  t. 

Quarters,  &c. — Quarters  for  four  hundred  men  and  baud.  Officers' quarters,  sis  double  sets,  with  wings,  and 
quarters  for  commanding  officer  ;  hospital.  83  by  33  i\jvi,  with  wing  ;  guard-house  and  prison,  68  by  31  feet  ;  store-house, 
90  by  34,  with  two  wings  61  by  '2'.)  feet  each  ;  Btorage  capacity  inadequate ;  temporary  building  for  storage  of  grain, 
&c. ;  stables,  workshops,  saw-mill,  bakery,  laundresses'  quarters,  &c.  All  the  buildings  are  constructed  of  adobe  and 
wood,  and  are  generally  in  need  of  repairs. 

Supply-depots,  &C. — Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  stores  furnished  from  depots  at  Jeffersonville,  Indiana,  aud 
Chicago,  Illinois,  by  rail  to  Corinne  ;  thence  by  wagons  to  post ;  and  also  by  Missouri  River  to  Fort  Benton  ;  thence  by 
wagons. 

Indians. — Nearest  Indians  are  the  Piegans,  numbering  about  three  thousand. 

Reservation. — Declared  by  President.  January  11,  1S70.      Area.  46  square  miles,  or  29,842  acres.'] 


FORT  ELLIS,  MONTANA  TERRITORY. 

[See  pa<  e  232.] 

Location. — Asdescribed  on  page  232.     Post-office  and  telegraph-station  at  Bozemau,  Montana  Territory,  3  miles 

distant.     Nearest  railroad-station.  Corinne,  Utah,  on  the  Union  Pacific,  440  miles  distant. 

Quarters,  &C. — Quarters  for  about  four  hundred  m  en,  three  log  buildings  with  wings,  in  poor  condition  ;  officers' 
quarters,  five  buildings,  in  good  condition  ;  hospital,  frame,  two-story,  ten  rooms,  \\  itli  wing,  in  good  condition  ;  guard- 
house built  of  logs ;  one  log  building  offices;  quartermaster's  store-hou  '  I  62  feet,  built  of  logs  ;  commis- 
sary store-houses,  two,  main  building  62  by  22,  of  logs  :  forage-house,  with  capacity  for  34,500  bushels  :  quartermaster's 
stables  and  four  company  stables  ;  laundresses'  quarters,  built  of  logs  :  saw-mill  building,  frame  :  workshops,  &c. 

Supply-depots,  &C. — Quartermaster  and  subsistence  stores  are  tarnished  from  the  depots  at  Saint  Louis.  Chicago, 
Port   Leavenworth,  and  Jeffersonville,  Indiana,  by  rail  to  Corinne;  thence  by  wagon-road  to  post. 

I,'i  SERVATION. — The  reservation  was  originally  declared  in   February,  F  '.  and   declared  by  the 

President,  March  1,  1870.     Area,  about  25  square  miles. 

hi  3CREPTION  in  country,  &C. — 'I'he  Gallatin  Valley,  in  which  the  post  is  situated,  has  a  width  of  al .out  15  miles 
by  :!.">  long.  Ranges  of  hills  and  mountains,  which  form  the  divide  between  the  waters  of  the  Yellowstone  and 
Missouri  Rft  ers,  surround  the  post  on  east  and  north  sides.  Agriculture  is  confined  to  the  i  iver-bottoms,  and  irrigation 
is  necessary.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  large  crops  of  wheat,  rye.  oats,  and  barley  are  raised  :  also  the  hardy  varieties  of 
vegetables.  The  grass  is  excellent.  The  neighboring  mountains  are  clothed  to  their  summits  with  forests  of  white 
pine,  red  fir,  and  cedar,  and  contain  immense  beds  of  bituminous  coal  of  good  quality-  (odd  mining  is  carried  on 
extensively  in  the  vicinity.    SI  id  July,  and  are  generally  ford  able.    The  rivers  have  good  bridges. 

The  climate  is  dry  and  pure,  very  cold  in  winter,  cool  and  at  in  summer.     Bozeman  Lake  in  the  mountains.  15 

miles  distant,  southeast  of  the  post.     S  iveral  farms  in  the  vicinity. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  .STATIONS.  255 

FOET  BENTON,  MONTANA  TERRITORY. 

I  Re-established  in  .Inly.  1869,  not  hereinb  i  ibed.    Aband ueul  authorized.  ] 

Location.— Latitude  47°  50',  longitude  110  30',  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  a(  the  bead  of  Missouri 
River  navigation,  and  adjoining  Benton  City.  Telegraph-office  and  post-office  at  the  post.  The  telegraph  line  extends 
via  Fort  Shaw,  Helena,  and  Corinne,  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Helena,  Montana  Territory,  143  miles  south. 
Corinne,  Utah,  593  miles  south.  Tri-v,  eekly  i  tage  between  the  post  and  Corinne.  Di  stance  ('nun  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  by 
the  Missouri  River,  2,333  miles. 

Quarters,  &c. — No  Government  buildings.    Six  adobe  buildings,  one  long  building,  and  two  block-housi 
rented,  and  used  as  follows,  viz :    Quarters  for  duo  company;  officers' quarters ;  hospital;  guard-housi  ioms  ; 

magazine;  granary;  bakery;  offices;  workshops,  &c. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  stores  are  furnished  from   the  dcpo  i  onville, 

Indiana.  Chicago,  Illinois,  and  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  by  rail  to  Sioux  City,  thence  b  >uri  River. 

Subsistence. — One  year's  supplies  are  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — Water  obtained  from  the  .Missouri  River.    Wood  furnished  by  contract. 

Indians.— The  nearest  Indians  are  those  belonging  to  the  agency  at  Fort  Browning  trading-post,  on  Milk  River, 
1  10  miles  north,  viz  :  Gros-Ventres,  numbering  about  700  ;   Upper  Assinaboines,  about  500  ;  Lower  Assinaboines,  about 
1,000;  San  tee  Sioux,  about  000;  Yankton  Sioux,  about  3,000  ;   River  Crows,  a  bout  800.     The  Piegans,  I  Hoods,  and  Blacll 
fei  ;  range  over  the  same  country  as  the  Gros-Ventres,  and  the.  Piegans  often  range  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post. 

Reservation. — Declared  by  the  President,  December  l.  L869.     Area,  about    1  square  mil  is. 

I  Inscription  OF  country,  Ac. — The  surrounding  country  is  mostly  prairie,  with  good  -r:e~.  but  without  timber  or 
\\  .iter.  The  laud  is  not  adapted  to  agriculture.  On  the  bottom  lands  id'  the  Missouri  and  Teton  Ri\  ere,  crops  of  «  heat, 
barley,  oats,  rye,  and  the  hardy  varieties  of  vegetables  may  be  raised  by  irrigation.  The  only  timber  is  some  cotton 
wood  along  the  banks  of  the  Tetou.  A  species  of  pine  is  found  on  the  mountain  ranges.  Belt  Mountains  are  soul  h  of 
Hie  post,  about  25  miles,  and  Bear's  Paw  Mountains  east  of  north,  about  45  miles.  The  Great  Falls  of  the  Missouri  ate 
about  40  miles  distant  by  land.  The  Missouri  River  generally  has  its  rise  in  April  or  May  :  it  is  fordable  at  several  points 
from  the  latter  part  of  summer  until  spring.  Climate  considered  healthy.  Extremes  of  heat  and  cold  generally  very 
great.  The  winter,  in  the  main,  is  mild  and  genial.  Winds  prevail  from  the  east  and  south,  ami  frequently  blow  with 
great  violence.     The  settlers  of  this  region  are  principally  fur  traders  and  hunters. 


CAMP  BAKER,  MONTANA  TERRITORY. 

I  Established  in  November,  1869.    Not  hereinbefore  described. J 

Location. — Latitude  47  ,  longitude  111  .  In  Smith's  River  valley,  near  the  junction  of  Camas  Creek  and  Smith's 
River,  about  18  miles  northeast  of  Diamond  City.  Post-office  at  Diamond  City.  Nearest  telegraph-station  at  Helena 
Montana  Territory,  55  miles  distant.  Corinne,  Utah,  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  about  510  miles  distant.  Benton, 
on  the  Missouri  River,  about  2-10  miles  distant,  via  Fort  Shaw,  Helena,  and  Diamond  City. 

Quarters,  &c. — Quarters  for  one  hundred  men,  built  of  logs,  in  good  condition  ;  officers'  quarters,  two  log  and 
one  frame  buildings,  in  good  condition;  hospital.  41  by  MO  feet,  built  of  logs,  shingle  roof;  storehouses,  two,  Oi  by  :iu 
feet  each  ;  block-house,  two-story  log  building;  all  in  good  condition. 

Supply-depots,  &c — Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  stores  furnished  from  depots  at  Chic  ago.  Saint  Louis.  Fort 
Leavenworth,  and  Jeffersonville,  Indiana,  transported  by  Missouri  River  to  Fort  Benton,  thence  by  wagon-trains  to 
post.     Supplies  are  also  sent  over  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  to  Corinne,  thence  by  wagon. 

St  insistence. — Six  mouths'  supplies  kept  on  hand  in  advance  of  yearly  estimates. 

Water  and  wood. — Water  obtained  from  a  stream  running  through  the  post.    Wood  supplied  by 

Indians. — No  Indians  in  the  immediate  vicinity.  River  and  Mountain  Crows  on  the  Yellow. stone  River,  about  68 
miles  distant,  supposed  to  number  nearly  3,000,  considered  friendly.  During  the  hunting  season,  Flatheads,  Blackfect, 
Nez  Perce's,  and  Gros-Ventres  pass  through  the  country  near  the  post. 

Reservation. — Declared  by  the  President  May  10,  1871.    Ana,  ::;  square  miles. 

Description  of  country,  &c. — The  valley  and  bottom  lands  of  the  surrounding  country  are  fertile  and  well  adapted 
lo  agriculture,  but  irrigation  is  necessary.  All  kinds  of  grain,  except  corn,  can  be  raised,  and  also  the  hard}  \  at  ieties 
of  vegetables.  Country  is  well  adapted  to  grazing,  stock  as  a  general  rule  being  able  to  remain  out  the  year  round. 
The  grass  is  very  nutritious,  and  is  known  as  ''11110011  grass."  Pine  timber,  of  good  quality,  grows  in  the  surrounding 
mountains,  and  cotton-wood,  of  scanty  growth,  in  the  valley  along  the  water  courses.  Streams  rise  during  spring,  ami 
are  fordable.  The  climate  is  changeable,  but  very  healthy.  The  settlers  in  this  legion  arc  mostly  engaged  in  gold 
mining  and  grazing. 


256  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

POST  AT  WHETSTONE  INDIAN  AGENCY. 

[Troops  n  ithdrawn  April  30,  1872.    Not  hereinbefore  described.  | 

Locatiox.— Whetstone  agency  is  located  on  the  Missouri  River,  30  miles  distant  from  Fort  Randall,  Dakota  Terri- 
tory, and  175  miles  from  Sioux  City.  Iowa,  by  land.    Nearest  post-office  and  telegraph-station  at  Fort  Randall. 

Qt  lexers,  »&c. — The  military  buildings  consist  of  quarters  for  one  company;  officers' quarters  ;  hospital;  guard- 
house; block-houses;  store-house;  magazine;  bakery;  stables;  workshops,  &c.  All  the  buildings  are  constructed  of 
logs  and  cotton-wood  boards  and  slabs,  and  are  in  good  condition. 

Supply-depots,  &c— Quartermaster's  and  subsistenci  are  furnished  chiefly  from   the  depot  at  Chicago    bj 

rail  to  Sioux  City,  thence  by  steamet  to  post. 

Water  and  whop.— Water  is  obtained  from  the  Missouri  River  by  wagons.  Wood  supplii  <!  by  contract,  and  cut 
on  the  Indian  lands  in  the  vicinity. 

Subsistence. — Twelve  months'  subsistence  kept  on  hand. 

Indians.— There  are  only  a  very  few  Indians  now  at  this  agency  :  Brules,  <  igallalas,  Yanktonnais,  and  Two-Kettle 
bauds  of  Sioux.  The  agency  tor  the  Indians  belonging  to  this  reserve  was  removed  dune  2,  1871,  to  a  point  on  White 
River  260  miles  distant,  and  about  100  miles  from  Fort  Laramie,  Wyoming  Territory. 


POST  AT  LOWER  BRULE  INDIAN  AGENCY,   DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

[Not  hereinbefore  described.] 

Location.— On  the  Missouri  River,  SO  miles,  by  land,  above  Fort  Randall,  Dakota  Fei ry,  and  about  300  miles  from 

Sioux  City,  Iowa,  by  river.  Nearest  post-office  at  Crow-Creek  Agency,  Dakota  Territory,  where  it  is  expected  a  tele- 
graph-office will  soon  be  in  operation.  Nearest  telegraph-station,  at  present,  White  Swan  City,  Dakota  Territory,  87 
miles  distant.     Springfield,  Dakota  Territory,  the  nearest  town  of  any  importance,  132  miles  distant. 

Qu  u;  i  ii.s,  &c. — The  military  buildings  consist  of  quarters  for  one  company  :  officers'  quarters  ;  hospital,  in  bad  con- 
dition; guard-house;  offices;  store-houses,  three ;  bakery;  stables,  &c.  All  the  buildings  are  constructed  of  cotton- 
wood  logs. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  stores  are  furnished  from  depots  at  Chicago,  Sioux  City, 
and  Jeffersonville,  and  transported  by  rail  to  Sioux  City,  thence  by  boat  to  post. 

Subsistence.— Twelve  months'  supply  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  tvood.— Water  is  obtained  from  the  Missouri  River  by  wagons.     Wood  furnished  by  contract. 

Indians.— The  Indians  occupying  this  reservation  are  the  Lower  Brule1  Sioux.  At  present  there  are  two  hundred 
and  fifty  lodges,  with  an  average  of  six  persons  to  each  lodge.    The  estimated  uumber  of  warriors  is  five  hundred. 


POST  AT  CHEYENNE  INDIAN  AGENCY,  DAKOTA  TERRITORY. 

[Not  hereinbefore  described.  ] 

Location.— On  the  Missouri  Ri'  ;  above  Fort  Sully,  Dakota  Territory  •  '■'■"-  miles  from  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  by 

wagon-road,  and  about  500  miles  bj  river.     1'ankton,  Dakota  Territory,  233    miles  distant    by  laud,  and  310  by  river. 
Nearest  post-office  and  telegraph  at  fort  Sully. 

i,m  iRTERS,  &C. — The   military    buildings  larters    for  two  i pauies,  with    necessary   out-buildings; 

officers'  quarters;  hospital:  guard-house;   block-houses,  two ;  store-houses,  three,   capacity    inadequate;    bake-house: 
si  able  ;  workshop  :  laundresses'  quarters,  &c.    All  the  buildings  are  constructed  of  cotton  ,  with  the  exception 

of  a  frame  store-liouse. 

Si  pply-depot,  A  c. — Quartermaster's  ami  subsistence  stores  furnished  from  the  depots  a  I  Sioux  City,  Chicago,  and 
Jeffersonville  by  rail  to  Sioux  Citj .  thence  1>\  Missouri  River.     Hay  con!  i  icted  for  in  the  vicinity. 

Subsistence.— Six  months'  supply  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — Water  obtained  from  the  Missouri  River  by  wagons.     Wood  supplied  bj  contract. 

Indians,     The  Indians  at  this  agency  are  the  Minneconjou,  Sans  Are.  and  '1' wo  Kettle  tribes  of  Sioux.    About 
arc  now  at  the  agency  ami  in  the  \  iciuitj  .and  not  more  than  this  number  are  considered  as  permanent  residents,    The 
number  present  has  varied  from  1,500  to  7,000;  the  latter  number  being  at  the  agency  during  part  of  1869  and  1870. 
The  majority  el'  the  Indian,  In  longing  here  :ii  e  constantly  coming  and  going,  and  associate  with  roving   hostile   bands. 
The  disposition  of  the  Indians  I  QCy,  who  receive   rations  all    the   year  round,  or  nearly  so.  is   good,  with    the 

exception  of  the  youi  ho  arc  not  n  liable. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  2.17 

post  AT  grand  river  agency,  Dakota  territory'. 

[Not  hereinbefore  described.] 

Location. — On  the  Missouri  River,  90  miles  by  land,  and  about  120  miles  by  river  above  Fori  Sully,  Dakota  Terri- 
tory. Post-office  at  the  post.  Telegraph  a1  Fori  Sully.  Yankton,  Dakota  Territory,  the  nearesl  town  of  any  importance, 
370  miles  distant  by  wagon-road.    Sioux  City,  Iowa,  440  miles  distant  by  laud,  and  about  680  miles  by  river. 

Quarters,  &c— The  military  buildings  number  twenty-four,  and  are  constructed  principally  of  cotton-wood 
They  consist  of  quarters  for  two  companies ;  officers' quarters ;  hospital:  guard-house;  library;  store-houses;  stab! 
laundresses'  quarters;  bake-house;  workshop,  &c.    All  the  buildings  are  in  fair  condition. 

Supply-depot,  &c. — Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  stores  are  furnished  from  the  depots  al  Chicago,  - 
and  Jeifersonville ;  transported  from  Sioux  City  by  Missouri  River. 

Subsistence. — Twelve  months'  subsistence  kept  on  band. 

Water  and  wood. — Water  obtained  from  the  Missouri  River.    Wood  supplied  by  contract. 

Indians. — The  Indians  belonging  to  this  agency  are  the  Upper  and  Lower  5fanktonnais,  Cutheads,  Blackfei  I .  I  hi 
papas,  and  Sans  Arc  bands  of  Sionx.  numbering  from  7,000  to  9,000,    Disposition  at  presenl  peaceable. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  PLATTE, 


EMBRACING 


THE  (STATES  OF  IOWA  AND  NEBRASKA  AND  TERRITORIES  OF  WYOMING  AND  UTAH;  HEADQUARTERS 

OMAHA,  NEBRASKA. 


POSTS. 

OMAHA  BAEEACKS,  NEBEASKA. 


[See  page  224.1 
Location,  &c— Ajs  described  on  page  224. 


FOET  McrHEESOISr,  NEBEASKA. 

j  See  page  221.] 

Location. — As  described  on  page  221.  Post-office  and  telegraph-station  at  the  post.  McPherson  Station  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad  seven  miles  distant.     <  >malia  277  miles  distant  by  rail  from  McPherson  Station. 

Quarters,  &c. — Are  now  reported  iu  serviceable  condition. 

Indians. — There  are  now  in  the  vicinity  of  the  post  three  bands  of  the  Sioux,  numbering  about  3,000,  whose 
camps  aro  within  a  range  of  50  to  140  miles. 

Reservation. — The  reservation  was  originally  declared  by  the  President,  January  22,  1867,  enlarged  January  '-'■"•. 
1870,  and  further  extended  October  1 1 ,  1870.    Ana.  about  16  square  miles. 


NOETH  PLATTE   STATION,  NEBEASKA. 

[See  page  222.] 

Location.— Latitude  40°  6',  longitude  101°  25'.    [See,  also,  page  22-.'.] 

Qi  ieters,  &C. — Noyi  reported  in  fair  condition.    Guard-house  built  of  adobe. 

Indians. — Bands  of  the  Sioux  and  Cheyennes  range  in  the  vicinity  during  the  hunting 


SIDNEY  BAEEACKS,  NEBEASKA. 

I  See  page  227.  | 

Location. — As  described  on  page  •'■^. 

Quarters,  &c. — Quarters  for  two  companies ;  officers' quarters,  four  buildings;  hospital,  throe  wards  and  fifteen 
beds;  guard-house,  bake-house,  and  laundresses'  quartei    ;  stables  for  ninetj  horses;  store-house,  15*  i>\  26  feet; 
house  and  blacksmith  shop.    AH  wooden  buildings,  in  excellent  condition. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY   POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  259 

PORT  D.  A.  RUSSELL,  WYOMING  TERRITORY. 

I  Sec  page  . 

Location. — As  described  on  page  225. 

Quarters,  &c. — Quarters  for  elevei  mil  band,  with  uecessarj  mil  buildings;  officers'  quarters,  seven- 

teen buildings;  hospital,  with  two  wings;  guard-house;  store-houses,  two ;  stables  for  six  hundred  and  seventy-two 
horses;  bake-house,  forage-house,  engine-house,  workshops,  lain  quarters,  &e.     All  frame  buildings. 


FORT  SANDERS,  WYOMING  TERRITORY. 

I  Si  e  page  226.  ] 

Location. — As  described  on  page  226.     <  >n  the  line  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.    Station  :ii  the  pi 

Quarters,  &c. — Quarters  for  four  hundred  and  eighty  men,  six  buildings;  officers'  quarters,  nine  buildings,  with 
accommodations  for  twelve  officers;  hospital,  with  capacity  for  twelve  patients;  store-houses,  three ;  cavalry  stable 
for  one  hundred  horses  ;  corral,  with  capacity  for  one  hundred  animals  ;  bakery,  block  house,  workshops,  >V  c.  All  t  be 
foregoing  buildings  arc  built  of  logs,  and  are  in  fair  condition,  excepting  four  sets  of  the  company  quarters.  Guard- 
house Imilt.  of  stone.     Magazine  built  of  bi 

Supply-depots,  &C. — Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  stores  aro  furnished  from  the  depol  at  Omaha  bj  rail. 

Indians. —No  Indians  in  the  immediate  vicinity. 


FORT  FRED.  STEELE,  WYOMING  TERRITORY. 

[See  page  228.] 

Location. — As  described  on  page  228.  On  the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte  River  and  crossing  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad.    Benton  Station  about  our  mile  distant.    Telegraph-station  at  Benton. 

Quarters,  &c. — Quarters  for  three  hundred  and  twenty  men,  four  log  buildings  with  necessary  out-buildings  :  offi- 
cers' quarters,  one  stone  and  four  frame  buildings,  one  and  a  half  Btories  each  ;  adjutant's  office,  library,  &c,  one  frame 
building;  hospital,  built  of  logs;  quartermaster's  and  commissary  store-houses,  two  frame  buildings;  guard-house, 
built  of  stone  ;  stables  for  uinety-two  horses,  built  of  logs;  corral  built  of  logs ;  quartermaster's  and  commissary  offices, 
carpenter  and  blacksmith  simps,  bakery,  laundresses'  quarters,  &c.    All  the  buildings  are  in  good  condition. 


FORT  BRIDGER,  WYOMING  TERRITORY. 

|  See  page  217.] 

Location. — As  described  on  page  217.    Post-office  and  telegraph-station  at  the  post. 

Quarters,  &c. — The  buildings  (heretofore  described  on  page  217)  generally  arc  in  i r  condition. 

Indians.— The  nearest  Indians  are  the  Utes,  on  their  reservation,  about  75  miles  south  ;  friendly  with  the  presence 
of  troops,  but  generally  distrusted;  Shoshones,  120  miles  north,  at  their  reservation  on  Wind  River,  disposition 
friendly. 

Reservation.— Reduced  under  act  of  February  24,  1871.    Area,  (re-located,)  sixteen  square  miles. 


CAMP  BROWN,  WYOMING  TERRITORY. 

[Established  June  28,  1869.    Not  hereinbefore  described.] 

Location. — Latitude  13  ,  longitude  109  .  On  the  Shoshone  Indian  reservation,  in  the  Wind  River  Valley,  and 
half  a  mile  distant  from  the  Popsagie  River.  Post  office  and  telegraph-station  at  Camp  Sfcambaugh,  Wyoming.  t~  miles 
distant.     Railroad-station  at  Bryan,  on  the  Union  Pacific,  150  miles  distant. 

Quarters,  &c. — Quarters  for  one  compauy,  with  out-buildings  containing  store-rooms,  bakery,  &c  ;  office:  '  quar- 
ters, two  sets,  with  out-buildings,  hospital,  guard-house,  stable,  laundresses'  quarters,  &c.  The  buildings  are  con- 
structed principally  of  adobe,  and  are  in  good  condition. 

Si  pply-depots,  ic. — Quartermaster's  ami  subsistence  stores  are  furnished  from  depot  at  Omaha,  858  miles  by  rail 
to  Bryan  Staton,  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  thence  by  wagon-road  to  post. 
34 


260  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

Si  r.-iM  i'm  ■!■:.—  One  to  eight  months'  subsistence  kept  on  hand,  according  to  the  time  of  year. 

Wa  i  er  and  win  ii >. — Water  obtained  from  wells,  and  from  a  ditch  running  through  the  post.  Wood  furnished  bj 
contract. 

Indians. — Shoshones  and  Bannacks  in  the  vicinity;  the  first  tribe  numbers  about  1,200,  ot  which  number  200  are 
able  to  bear  arms  ;  the  hitter  tribe  number  about  425,  about  one-fifth  being  warriors. 

Reservation.— No  reservation  has  been  declared.    The  plan  of  the  post  is  one  mile  square. 

Description  oe  country,  &c. — The  surrounding  country  is  bounded  im  the  west  and  south  bytheWind  River 
i  ange  of  mountains,  and  cm  the  north  and  east  by  high  hills.  The  land  in  the  vallej  s  is  a  sandy  loam,  easilj  cultivated 
and  irrigated.  Oats,  barley,  and  wheat  can  be  raised,  and  nearly  all  kinds  of  vegetables.  The  grass  is  short-prairie 
and  bunch,  affording  excellent  grazing  nearlj  ail  the  year.  Timber,  pine  and  cotton-wood,  in  abundance;  the  former 
on  the  mountains  and  the  latter  along  the  large  streams.  Streams  rise  in  May,  and  with  the  exception  of  some  of  the 
larger  ones,  during  the  heavier  rise  in  Juue,  are  fordable  throughout  the  year.  Climate  temperate,  and  health  of  the 
Ideality  generally  good.  In  the  hills  and  mountains  bordering  the  west  and  south  sides  of  the  valley  in  which  the 
post  is  located,  coal  exists  in  abundance.     Sweetwater  geld  mines  about  28  miles  distant,  south. 


CAMP  STAMBATTGH,  WYOMING  TERRITORY. 

[Established  August  20,  1870.    Not  hereinbefore  described.] 

Loi  ition. — Latitude  42  30',  longitude  109  .  In  the  region  ot  the  Sweetwater  gold  mines,  2i  miles  from  Atlantic 
City  and  6  miles  from  South  Pass  City.  Post-office  and  telegraph-station  at  the  post.  Bryan,  on  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad,  I'1."*  miles  distant.  Good  wagon-roads  between  the  post,  settlements,  and  Bryan  Station.  Nearest  railroad- 
station  Point  of  Rocks,  on  Union  Pacific,  07  miles  distant.  Salt  Lake  City,  272  miles  :  Cheyenne.  544  miles,  and  Omaha 
960  miles  distant,  via  Bryan. 

Quarters,  &c. — Quarters  for  two  companies,  two  buildings  with  wings ;  officers'  quarters,  eight  sets;  hospital ; 
guard-house;  store-houses,  five ;  adjutant  and  quartermaster's  offices;  cavalrj  stables,  183  by  30  feet;  corral,  64  by 
r,l  leer ;   workshops  and  miscellaneous  buildings.     All  the  buildings  are  constructed  of  logs,  and  are  in  good   condition. 

Si  en  r-Di  pots,  &c. — Q  ace  stores  furnished  prini  >m  depots  at  Cheyenne  and 

Omaha,  via  rail  to  Bryan,  thence  b\  wagon  road. 

Subsistence. — Six  months' subsistence  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood. — Water  obtained  from  wells  at  post.     Wood  furnished  by.contraet. 

Indians. — The  nearest  Indian  and  Bannacks,  on  their  reservation  in  the  Wind  River  Valley, 

about  40  miles  distant,  numbering  about  1,700.     Friendly. 

Ki,si:i:\  in  i\. — No  reservation  has  been  declared.     One  mile  each  way  from  the  flag-staff  is  held  reserved. 

Di  :iptj  in  Ol  country,  &.C.  -The  land  generally  is  poor,  and  not  well  adapted  to  agriculture.  By  means  ot 
irrigation  good  vegetables  can    hi  I  in  the  bottoms.    Timber   abundant,  but  of  small   growth,  and  only  useful  as 

fuel.  Climate  very  healthy ;  pleasant  in  summer,  but  very  cold  in  winter,  with  high  winds.  Gold  mines  around  and 
in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  post.  Sweetwater  River  8  miles  south  of  the  post.  Trout  Lake,  at  the  headwatei  s  of 
the  Sandy,  about  30  miles  distant.     The  settlers  generallj  are  engaged  in  gold  mining. 


FORT  LARAMIE,  WYOMING  TERRITORY. 

[See  page  221.] 

Location. — As  described  on  page  221.    Ti  legraph-station  at  the  post. 

Quarters,  &c. — Quarters  for  six  companies,  two  frame  and  one  adobe  building,  with  porches,  Btone  foundations 
and  shingle  runt's  ;  mess-rooms  anil  kitchens  in  the  rear,  lour  adobe  and  one  frame  building:  officers' quarters,  ten 
buildings,  six  frame  and   four  adobes,  containing  forty-three   moms  and   fourteen  kitchens;  bospital,  32  by  148  feet, 

frame  building  on  stone  foundation;  guard-houses,  two  buildings,  one  stone  and  i  adobe;  six  store-houses,  frame 

buildings,  capacity  313,000  cubic  feet  ;  stables,  frame,  lor  one  hundred  and  forty-four  horses ;  i  built  of  stone; 

laundresses'  quarters,  three  adobe  buildings;  adjutant's  office,  school  bouse,  post-office,  bakery,  «  orkshops,  Ac,  adobe, 
and  frame  buildings.    The  buildings  generally  require  repairs. 

Supply-depots,  &c.— Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  si  ores  furnished  from  Fort  D.  A.  Russell  depot,  near  Chej 

ennc. 

Indians.— At  the  Red  Cloud  agency,  35  miles  from  the  post,  are  the  following  tribes,  viz:  Ogallala  Sioux,  Unite 

Sioux,  A  n  a  pa  I  iocs,  and  Che  venues,  numbering  between  5,000  and  6,000. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  261 

FORT  FETTERMAN,  WYOMING  TERRITORY. 

[See  [ 

Location. — As  described  on  page  219.    At  the  junction  of  La  P  :  North  l"  .    Nearest  post- 

office,  Fori  Laramie,  Wyoming  Territory,  75  miles  i  i  on    tbe  Union 

Pacific  Railroad,  160  miles  distant,  via  Fori  Laramie,  and  135  zi  'Cut-off."  Tbe  road  bet we<   i  nd-Chey- 

enne,  via  Fort  Laramie,  is  practicable  at  all  times,  and  is  tbe  route  usuallj  travel  •'.     I  ttious  arc 

Rock  Creek  and  Medicine  Bow,  on  tbe  Union  Pacific,  abou!  90  miles  distant.     I  and  the 

posi  are  obstructed  only  during  deep  snow  in  winter.     Wagon-road  from  the  |  i  id  Phil  Kearaej  to 

Fort  C.  F.  Smith,  234  miles. 

Qi  lrters,  &c. — Quarters  for  three  hundred  men:  offici  quarters;  hospital,  with  accommodations  lor  fifteen 
patients;  guard-house;  store  douses,  two;  stables  tor  fifty  auimals;  corral,  with  capacity  lor  fifty  six-mule  teams; 
magazine,  granary,  bake-house,  workshops,  saw-mill,  laundn  i  '  qi  uters,  employe's  quarters,  «Stc.  The  buildings  are 
principally  constructed  of  adobe,  and  are  in  fair  condition. 

Supply-depots,  &C— Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  stores  fnrni  :'  Fori  D.  A.  Russell  depot,  near  Chey- 

enne, by  v,  agon-road  via  Fort  Laramie,  and  occasionallj  via  "  Cut-ofl  "  route. 

Reservation. — As  described  on  page  219.  In  1870  a"  wood  and  timber  reserve  "  was  sel  aside  in  a  portion  of  the 
Black  Hills;  also  a  "hay  reserve,"  embracing  a  portion  of  the  bottom  lands  of  Deer  Creek.  A  reduction  of  tbe  reser- 
vation lias  been  ordered. 


CAMP  DOUGLAS,  UTAH  TERRITORY. 

See  page  218.  | 

Location. — As  described  on  page  218,  excepting  tbe  error  of  placing  it  in  "  Wyoming  Ti  rritor;  instead  of  "  Utah 
Territory." 

Quarters,  &c. — Quarters  for  about  four  hundred  men,  consisting  of  eleven  barracks,  22  by  87  feel  each,  buill  of 
logs,  in  poor  condition  ;  mess-rooms,  laundresses'  quarters,  Ac,  new,  built  of  lumber  :  officers'  quarters,  sixteen  sets,  prin- 
cipally log  buildings.  With  tbe  exception  of  four  sets  with  new  additions,  their  condition  is  poor  ;  hospital  in  fair  con- 
dition :  guard-house,  new,  built  of  lumber  ;  prison  18  by  58  feet,  buili  of  stone,  in  fair  condition  ;  magazine  and  armory 
built  of  stone  ;  store-houses,  five  built  of  stone,  viz,  one  ordnance,  j:;  by  156  feet,  one  commissary,  50  by  100  feet,  and 
three  quartermaster's,  50  by  1U0  feet  each,  in  fair  condition  :  stable  -.  I  wo,  28  by  105  feel  each,  with  shed  105  by  1 1  fe  >l  ; 
corral.  105  by  34  feet  ;  bakery,  workshops,  &c. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermaster's  stores  furnished  principally  from  depot  at  Omaha,  occasionally  f t  depot 

at  Cheyenne,  by  rail.     Subsistence  stores  furnished  from  depots  at  Chicago,  Saint  Louis,  Omaha,  and  Cheyenne.     Fresh 
beef  furnished  by  contract,  and  the  greater  portion  of  the  Hour  required  by  the  troops  purchased  in  open  market  at  Sail 
I  ity. 

Reservation. — Declared  by  the  President  September 3,  i   67.     Area,  two  miles  square. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  MISSOURI. 


icing 


THE    STATES   OF   ILLINOIS,    MISSOURI,  AND    KANSAS.   AND    TERRITORIES   OF    COLORADO  AND   NEW 
MEXICO,  AND  POST  OF  CAMP  SUPPLY,  INDIAN  TERRITORY;  BEADQUARTERS  FORT  LEAVENWORTH, 

KANSAS. 


POSTS. 

FOET  LEAVENWORTH,  KANSAS. 

[See  page  '-205.] 

Location. — As  described  on  page  205. 

Quarters,  &C. — Quarters  for  six  companies,  band,  and  non-commissioned  staff,  live  frame  buildings  and  one  brick, 
wilh  necessary  out-buildings;  officers'  quarters,  seven  frame  buildings  and  one  brick,  two  story:  post  headquarters 
building,  brick,  one  story ;  hospital,  ten  rooms,  two-story  brick  :  guard-house,  built  of  stone ;  post  school  and  chapel, 
one-story  stone  building;  store-house,  bakery,  laum  Barters,  workshops,  Ac,  frame  buildings;  stable,  frame, 

eighty  stalls.  Department  heafiq'uarters-building  and  buildings  of  the  supply-depot  consist  of  thirteen  frame  buildings 
as  quarters  and  offices  :  three  store-houses,  built  of  stone,  three-storj ,  100  by  40  feet  each,  and  twelve  frame  stables  of 
eight v  stalls  each.    All  the  buildings  in  fair  condition. 


FOET  EI  LEY.  KANSAS. 

[See  page  209.] 


Location. — As  described  on  page  209.     Post-office,  telegraph-office,  and  station  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad  at 

the  post. 

Quarters,  &C. — Quarters  for  four  batteries  or  light  artillery  or  eight  companies  of  cavalry  or  infantry,  six  buildings, 
88  by  -in  feet  ;  officers'  quarters,  six  buildings,  GO  by  40  feet ;  chaplain's  quarters,  43  by  40  feet  ;  hospital,  57  by  40  feet, 
for  forty-nine  patients ;  guard-house,  43  by  20  feet;  all  substantial  stone  buildings  of  two  stories;  chapel,  one-story 
stone  ;  magazine,  brick;  two  store-houses,  1  19  by 40  feet,  inferior  frame  structures  :  one  store-house,  119  by  18  feet,  sub- 
stantial one-story  stone  building :  five  stables,  257  b;  uiuety-four  stalls,  built  of  stone;  two  corrals,  277  1>\  '.'7? 
feet,  one  with  stables  aud  one  open,  built  of  stone.  Miscellaneous  buildings,  viz,  forage-house,  office,  employes'  quarters, 
bakery,  laundresses*  quarters,  blacksinitb-shops.  saddler's  and  carpenter's  she] is,  &.c.,  in  good  coudit  ton. 

Reservation.— Declared  by  the  President  May  5,  1855.     Reduced  as  per  act   of  March   2,  L867.     Area,  about 
19,899  acres. 


FOET  DODGE,  KANSAS. 

page  200.] 

Locai  ion.— As  described  on  page  200.    Nearest  post-office,  railroad  and  telegraph  stations  at  Hays  City,  Kansas,  81 
miles  southwest,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad. 

QUAD  l  ERS,  &  C. — Quarters  for  three  companies,  two  stone  and  one  adobe  building  :  offii  ors'  quarters,  one  stone 
frame,  and  one  adobe;  hospital,  built   of  stone,  with   twelve  beds;  gnai'd-house,  temporary  building:  offices:  store 
houses,  two,  130  by  30  feet  each,  one  story,  buill  of  stone ;  corrals,  with  accommodation  for  two  hundred  animals.    All 
i  he  buildings  are  in  good  condition. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  263 

FORT  HARKER,  KANSAS. 
[Abandonment  authorized.    See  page  203.  ] 
Location. — As  described  on  page  203.    Post-office,  telegraph,  and  station  of  the  Kan-      Pai  ifii  Railroad  M  the  post. 


FORT  HAYS,   KANSAS. 
[See  page  204.] 

Location.— As  described  on  page  204.     Latitude  38     I-  30  ,  longitude  99    9  30  . 

Qi  lrters,  &c. — Quarters  for  four  hundred  men:  officers' quarters,  sis  sets  and  our  double  building,  each  with 
wings;  commanding-officer's  quarters ;  offices;  hospital;  store-houses,  two;  all  the  foregoing  are  frame  buildings  with 
shingle  roofs ;  guard-house,  new,  buili  of  stone.  The  following  arc  stockade  buildings  with  shingle  roofs,  viz,  post 
headquarters  and  library,  guard-house,  bakery,  granary,  workshops;  cavalry  stables  for  one  troop;  posl  stables  for 
three  hundred  and  fifty  animals ;  laundresses'  quai  fcers,  &c.    The  buildings,  generally,  are  in  good  condition. 


FOKT  LARNED,  KANSAS. 

[See  page  205.] 

Location. — As  described  on  page  205.  Post-office  at  the  post;  railroad  station  anil  telegraph-office  af  Hays  City. 
Kansas,  15  miles  distant.    The  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe"  Kailroad  is  expected  to  be  finished  the  pi  miner 

(1872)  to  a  point  on  Pawnee  Creek,  about  live  miles  from  the  post. 

Quarters,  &c. — Quarters  for  four  companies;  officers'  quarters,  three  sets,  built  of  sandstone,  in  good  condition; 
hospital  in  one  of  the  company  quarters ;  guard-house,  57  by  40  feet;  quartermaster's  store-house,  157-J  by  42  feet; 
commissary  store-bouses,  two,  l'>'-'<  by  30  feet  and  82^  by  '-111  feet,  respectively;  workshops,  bakery,  all  sandstone 
buildings  ;  laundresses'  quarters,  ice-house,  Ac.  ;  corral  for  one  hundred  and  fifty  animals. 

Reservation. — Declared  by  the  President,  January  3,  1868.     Area.  1  miles  square. 


FORT  WALLACE,  KANSAS. 

page  214.] 

Loi  ation.— Latitude  38  IT  20  .  longitude  101  35  .  At  the  junction  of  Pond  Creek  with  the  South  Fork  of  the 
Smoky  Hill  River.  Post-office  at  the  post.  Wallace  Station,  with  the  telegraph-office,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Kailroad. 
two  miles  northwest  of  the  post. 


FOKT  SCOTT,  KANSAS. 
[Established  October,  1869.    Not  hereinbefore  described.] 

Location. — Latitude  37  40',  longitude  94  45'.  Post-office,  telegraph,  and  railroad  station  in  the  town  of  Fori 
Seott.     The  post  was  established  as  headquarters  for  troops  operating  in  southeastern  Kansas. 

Ql  arters,  &c. — No  Government  buildings.  Frame  buildings  erected  by  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Seott  and  Gulf 
Railroad  Company  as  quarters  for  three  companies  of  troops. 

Reservation.— No  land  held  reserved. 


264  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

PORT  LYON,  COLORADO  TERRITOKY. 

[See  page  206.  | 

Location. — As  described  on  page  206.  Nean  si  telegraph  and  railroad  station  at  Kit  Carson,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad,  .">'2  miles  distant.     Fort  Leavenworth,  i  ia  Kit  Carson,  520  miles  distant. 

Quarters,  &c.— Quarters  for  throe  hundred  and  twenty  men,  four  buildings,  100  bj  34  feei  each,  two  of  which  are 
built  of  sandstone  and  two  of  adobe;  officers'  quarters,  seven  adobe  buildings,  one  and  one-half  stories,  containing 
twelve  sets  ;  headquarter  building,  hospital,  guard-house,  magazine,  chapel,  bakery  :  stables  for  three  troops  of  cavalry  : 
store-houses,  two  built  of  stone,  each  100  by  40  feet;  laundresses' quarters,  workshops,  granary,  corral,  &c.  All  the 
buildings  are  in  good  condition. 

St  pply-depots,  &C. — Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  stores  furnished  from  the  depot  at  Fort  Leavenworth, 
Kansas,  by  rail  to  Kit  Carson,  thence  by  wagons. 

SUBSISTENCE. — Six  months'  supply  usually  kept  on  hand. 


POET  REYNOLDS,  COLORADO  TERRITORY. 
[See  page  208.] 

Location,  &C. — As  described  on  page  208.    The  post  is  to  be  discontinued. 

Ql  lrters,  &C. — Quarters  for  eighty  men;  officers'  quarters,  one  building,  containing  two  sets;  hospital:  guard- 
house ;  store-houses,  two,  with  ample  capacity  for  the  wants  of  the  post ;  corral  for  sixty  animals:  workshops.  Ac.  The 
buildings  are  constructed  of  adobe  and  wood,  and  are,  in  fair  condition. 

SUPPLY-DEPOT.— Fort  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  by  rail  to  Pueblo,  via  Denver,  thence  by  wagons  to  post. 

Reservation.— Declared  by  President,  June  22,  1868.    Area,  about  'i'-i  square  miles. 


FORT  GARLAND,  COLORADO  TERRITORY. 

[See  page  201.] 

L,0i  V.TION,  &C— As  described  on  page  201.  The  location  commands  the  mouth  of  the  cations  of  the  Rio  de  los 
Yutosand  the  Rio  delSangre  de  Christo,  through  which  are  the  roads  of  travel.  Post-office  at  t  lie  post.  Nearest  railroad 
and  telegraph  station  at  Pueblo,  the  terminus  of  the  Denver  and  Rio  Grande  Railroad.  90  miles  distant.  Kit  Carson, 
on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  223  miles  distant.     Fort  Leavenworth,  via  Kit  Carson.  697  miles  distant. 

Quarters,  Ac— Quarters  for  two  companies,  one-story  ado!:,.-  buildings,  in  fair  condition  ;  officers'  quarters,  seven 
oni  story  adobe  buildings,  in  good  condition;  hospital  and  guard-house  built  of  adobe;  store-houses,  two  well 
constructed  adobe  buildings,  with  ample  capacity  for  quartermaster's  stores  and  for  a  year's  supply  of  subsistence ; 

corral,  built  of  adobe,  containing  thn pen  stables  (sheds)  for  two  troops  of  cavalry:  offices,  workshops,  bake-house, 

granary,  laundresses'  quarters,  &c. 

Supply-depots,  Ac— Tort  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  by  rail  to  kit  Carson,  thence  by  wagons.  The  route  via  Denver 
ami  Pueblo  is  recommended, 

Rl    ervation. — Declared  1>.\  the  President,  March  29,  1870.     Ana.  6  square  miles. 


FORT  UNION,  NEW  MEXICO. 

I  See  page  213.] 

Lot  moN. — As  described  on  page  213.    Post-office  and  telegraph-station  at  the  post. 

Qt  u;  i  ers,  <X  c.— Quarters  for  four  companies  :  officers'  quarto  rs,  eight  sets;  commanding  officers'  quarters,  hospital, 
guard-house,  and  prison  ;  store-houses,  three,  with  a  capacity  for  a  year's  supplies  for  lour  companies  of  ca^  airy  :  corrals, 
two,  one  with  stables  for  one  hundred  animals,  ami  our  with  stables  for  two  hundred  and  fifty  animals ;  laundresses' 
quarters,  workshops,  Ac.    The  buildings  are  principally  constructed  of  adobe,  with  stone  foundations. 

Supply-depots,  A c— Toil   Leavenworth,  via  rail,  to  Kit  m,  thence  bj    wagons.     Flour,  beef,  and  forage 

procured  in  the  vicinity. 

St  BSISTENCE. — Six  months'  supply  kept  on  hand. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  265 

TOUT  WINGATE,  NEW  MEXICO. 
[See  page  215.  ] 

Location. — Latitude  35°  20',  longitude  108°  20'.     Nearest  post-office  al  Albuquerque,  145  miles.     Mails  come  via 
Sauta  IV,  L70miles  distant,  onco  a  week.    (Further  description  on  page  215. ) 

Quarters,  &C. — Quarters  for  four  companies;  quarters  for  officers  of  three  companies;  hospital,  guard-house, 

adjutant's  office.    The  foregoing  buildings  arc  new,  constructed  of  pine  lumber  and  adobe,  and  in  g 1  condition.    Ston 

houses,  bakerj ,  stable,  laundresses'  quarters,  &e.,  built  principally  of  adobe,  in  fair  condition. 

1 ; i  - 1 : i ; \  vi  n.: v.— Declared  by  the  President,  February  18,  1870.    Area,  LOO  square  miles. 


PORT  CRAIG,  NEW  MEXICO. 
|  See  page  199.] 

Location. — As  described  on  page  199.     Nearest  telegraph-station,  Santa  Fe",  New  Mexico,  IT-  miles  distant. 

Quarters,  &c. — Quarters  for  two-  companies ;  officers' quarters,  three  one-story  buildings,  hospital,  guard-house, 
stables,  corral;  store-houses,  three,  of  large  capacity;  offices,  laundresses'  quarters,  &c.  All  the  buildings  are 
ci. us  hi  let  ed  of  adobe,  and,  with  the  exception  of  the  store-houses,  are  in  verj  poor  condition. 

Reservation. — Declared  by  the  President,  September  23,  1869.    An  a,  about  38  square  miles. 


l'<  >RT  STANTON,  NEW  MEXICO. 

|  Si  e  page  212.] 

Location.— As  described  on  page  212.    Nearest   telegraph-station  at  Santa  IV,  191  miles  distant. 

Quarters,  &  c — Quarters  for  two  hundred  meu  ;  two  large  barracks,  with  commissary  store-rooms  attached,  with 
capacity  for  six  months'  supplies  for  four  companies;  officers'  quarters,  live  buildings;  hospital  of  ample  size  for  a  four 
company  post ;  adjutant's  office  and  small  guard-house  under  same  roof;  store-honse,  with  capacity  for  six  months' 
supplies;  quartermaster's  stoics  for  four  companies  ;  granary,  with  additional  rooms  tor  workshops.  v\  r.  The  foregoing 
are  substantial  stone  buildings  with  shingle  root's:  bakery,  laundresses'  quarters,  Ac.  built  of  adobe ;  corral,  in  poor 
condition. 

Reservation. — Declared  by  the  President,  May  12,  1859.  Area,  1 1 1  square  miles.  Reduced  as  per  act  of  May  21, 
1872.  Area  not  to  exceed  lb  square  miles,  and  to  embrace  a  strip  of  land  eight  miles  in  length  and  one  mile  from  each 
bank  of  the  Rio  Bonito. 


TORT  McREA,  NEW  MEXICO. 

[See  page  207.1 
Loc vims.  &c—  As  described  on  page  207.    Nearest  telegraph  at  Sauta  1  v.  210  miles  distant. 


FORT  TULEROSA,  NEW  MEXICO. 

[To  be  established  September,  1872.] 

Location-.— About  100  miles  west  of  Fort  Craig,  and  76  miles  northwest  of  Fort  Bayard. 

Quarters,  &c. — The  buildings  of  the  post  have  not  yet  been  elected  :  $20,000  remitted  in  September,  1872,  to  build 
the  post. 


26G  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  FOSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

l'ORT  BAYARD,  NEW  MEXICO. 
[Seepage  19  J 

Location.— As  described  on  page  L98.    Nearest  telegraph-station  at  Santa  IV,  360  miles  distant. 

Quarters,  &c— Quarters  for  three  companies;  officers'  quarters,  eight  sets;  hospital,  guard-house,  adjutant's 
office;  store-houses,  two ;  corral  for  one  hundred  animals,  and  one  with  accommodation  for  one  troop  of  cavalry  ■ 
magazine  built  of  stun.':  bakery  Imiltof  stone;  laundresses'  quarters,  workshops,  &c.  The  buildings  generally  are 
constructed  of  adobe  and  logs,  and  have  been  built  by  labor  of  the  troops. 

R]  servation.— Declared  by  President,  April  19,  1869.    Area,  about  13  square  miles. 


FORT  CPMMINGS,  NEW  MEXICO. 
[See  page  200.] 

Location. — As  described  on  page  200.     Nearest  telegraph-station,  Santa  IV,  316  miles  distant. 

Quarters,  Ac— Quarters  for  one  company;  officers'  quarters,  live  sets;  hospital,  guard-house;  store-houses  with 
capacity  for  two  years' supply  for  one  hundred  men  ;  corral,  &c.  The  buildings  are  built  of  adobe,  and  are  in  fair 
condition. 

Subsistence. — Twelve  months'  supply  kept  on  hand. 

Indians. — Predatory  bands  of  Apaches  often  range  in  the  vicinity. 

Reservation.— Declared  by  the  President,  April  29,  1670.    Area,  2  miles  square. 


FORT  SELDEX,  NEW  MEXICO. 
[See  page  209.  ] 

Location— Latitude  32 :  27'  G",  longitude  lor,  53' 30".  Nearest  telegraph-station  at  Santa  Fe,  263  miles  north. 
Fort  Union,  New  Mexico.  350  miles  distant. 

Quarters,  &c. — Quarters  for  two  companies;  officers' quarters,  two  double  and  two  single  buildings:  hospital, 
capacity  for  ten  beds;  guard-house,  offices,  store-house,  workshops,  magazine,  bake-house,  four  corrals,  &c.  The 
buildings  are  constructed  of  adobe,  and  are  in  good  condition. 

Reservation. — Declared  by  the  President,  November  28,  1870.    Area,  about  L5  square  miles. 


POST  OF  SANTA  FE,  XEW  MEXICO. 

[Not  hereinbefore  described.] 

Location. — The  city  of  Santa  IV  is  situated  on  an  extensive  plateau  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  : 
latitude  35  41',  longitude  106  2'.  The  Rio  Grande  runs  in  a  southwesterly  direction  from  the  city,  about  20  miles 
distant  at  tho  nearest  point.  A  small  mountain-stream,  a  tributary  of  the  Rio  tirande,  called  the  Rio  de  Santa  IV, 
neaih  bisects  the  town.  Fort  Union,  New  Mexico,  is  about  100  miles  distant,  in  a  northeasterly  direction.  To  the 
south  runs  the  main  road  to  Albuquerque  and  southern  New  Mexico.    Post-office  and  telegraph-station.    Nearest 

railroad  terminus  is  at  present   Pueblo,  Colorado  Territory,  distant  about  300  miles  by  wagon-road. 

Qi  utters,  <£  c. — Santa  IV  is  l  be  headquarters  of  the  district  of  New  Mexico,  and  the  buildings  formerlj  composing 
Fort  Many,  which  was  abandoned  as  a  post,  in  1867,  are  still  used  as  quarters  tor  troops,  officers,  band,  Ac.  There  are 
two  commissary  store-houses  and  two  quartermaster's  store-houses.  The  hospital  is  located  upon  grounds  201  In  120 
feet,  and  is  well  adapted  for  the  purpose ;  guard-house  well  ventilated  and  in  good  condition.  The  stables  and  corral 
are  separate,  and  Hilt  yards  distant  from  the  quarters.     The  buildings  generally  are  adobe. 

Si  nu.Y-i>i  pots,  &  c— Supplies  are  furnished  principally  from  depot  at  Fori  Union. 

Water  and  wim>i>.  -The  water  supply  is  obtained  from  Me]]-  at  the  post.     Wood  furnished  h\  contract. 

Indians. — The  principal  Indian  tribes  in  and  at  km  it  the  vicinity  an'  t  he  Pueblos.  They  an'  principally  engaged  in 
agricultural  pursuits,  and  are  quiet  and  industrious.    The  lie-.  Northern  Apaches,  and  Navajos  an'  frequently  seen  in 

and  about  Santa   I  'i 


DESCRIPTIONS  <>l'  MILITARY   POSTS  AM)  STATIONS.  267 

Description  ov  country.     Tho  soil  of  S  j  fruitful.      Irrigation  is:,: 

entirely  relied  upon,  and  extensive  systems  of  aceriuias  or  canals  surround  the  tow  i  er  for  this  purpose  being 

taken  from  the  Santa  Fd  River.     Good  crops  of  wheat,  corn,  bi  pepper,  and  many  of  the  vegetables  are  raised. 

Potatoes  cannot  he  successfully  cultivated  in  this  vicinil     .  destitute  of  trees.    On  the  hills 

toward  the  mountains  are  round  largo  pines  and  piiion,  a  spei  lino,  furnishes  the  almosl  sole  supply 

of  fire-wood.    There  are  heds of  bituminous  coal  about  25  or  30  miles  to  tin  southwest.    The  post  bas  a  j  aboul 

acn    .    Tho  climate  i  ilubrious.     Mean  annual  temperature,  i 


CAMP  SUPPLY,  INDIA  X  TERRITORY. 

Location. — As  described  on  page  212.     Hays  City,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  166  miles  distant,  the 
nearest  railroad-station,  posl  offii  legrapli-station. 

Qi  irters,  &c. — Quarters  for  six  companies;  officers' quarters,  wil  I  ou  for  seventeen  officers;  adju- 

tant's office,  hospital,  guard-house  ;  store-houses,  I  wo,  with  capacity  for  one  \  ear's  supplies  for  six  companies ;  gran 
with  capacity  for  eight  hundred  thousand  pounds  of  grain  ;  e;  idred  borscs  each  ;  corral 

for  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  animals;  bakery,  &c.    All  the  buildings  are  buill  of  cotton-wood  logs. 

Si  ppli  depots,  A.  c. — Furnished  from  Fort  Leavenworth  and  Saint  Louis,  \  i:i  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad  to  Hays 
(  ity;  i  uence  D3  vi  agon-road. 

Si  BSISTENCE. — Six  months' supplies  kept  on  hand. 

35 


DEPARTMENT  OF  TEXAS, 


EMBIJ  KING 


THE   STATE   OF  TEXAS  AND  THE   INDIAN    TERRITORY  NORTH    OF  TEXAS    AND    SOUTH   OF   KANSAS; 

HEADQUARTERS  SAN  ANTONIO,  TEXAS. 


POSTS. 

POST   OF   SAX  ANTONIO,  TEXAS. 

(  See  page  54.] 

Location.— Latitude  29    32';  longitude  98    52'.     Nearest  railroad  at  Austin,  80  miles  north.    Good  -wagon-roads  to 
all  important  points  in  the  State  of  Texas  and  along  the  coast. 

Quaiii  ers,  &.C.— No  Government  buildings,  excepting  one  frame  Malik-  mi  private  grounds. 
Reservation. — None. 


POST  OF  AUSTIN,  TEXAS. 

I  Sec  page  37.] 

Location. — Latitude  30    15';  longitude  97     IT  :  otherwise  as  given  on  page  37. 

Quarters,  Ar. — Quarters  for  one  company,  with  necessary  out-huildings  ;  officers'  quarters,  four  sets  ;  adjutant's 
office,  library,  &c;  hospital,  guard-house,  quartermaster's  store-house,  commissary  store-house,  stables,  and  wagon- 
shed  -.  laundresses'  quarters;  all  frame  buildings,  and  in  good  condition. 

Supply-depots,  Ac. — From  depot  at  San  Antonio,  bj  contract  and  Government  wagon-trains. 

Subsistence. — Three  months'  supply  kept  on  hand. 

Water  and  wood,  &c— Water  obtained  from  cisterns  and  from  a  wi  11  at  the  post.  Wood,  bay,  and  corn  furnished 
by  contract,  and  pnrchased  in  open  market. 


FORT  CLARK,  TEXAS. 

|  See  page  II.] 

la M  ition. — As  described  on  page  II.     Nearest  railroad  at  Austin, about  218  miles  distant  via  San  Antonio. 

Quarters,  &c— Q 'ters,  built   of  stone,  foi   three  companies  and  band ;  officers'  quai  ters,  three  stone  and  three 

log  buildings;  hospital,  stone,  capacit}  sixteen  beds;  guard-house,  stone ;  store-house,  two  stories,  of  stone;  bakery, 
slum- ;  magazine,  stone;  stables,  two,  built  of  frame;  workshops,  &c.  All  the  buildings,  stables  excepted,  are  in  very 
bad  condition. 


FORT  McKAVETT,  TEXAS 


[  See  page  49.] 

I.i ii  viniN.-  As  described  on  page  19.  Nearest  telegraph  at  San  Antonio,  I7."i  miles  distant  :  nearest  railroad  at 
Austin,  distant  L85  miles. 

Qi  utters,  &c. — Quarters  for  eighl  -.with  necessary  out-buildings;  officers'  quarters  of  amid.'  accom- 
modations;   hospital,  guard-house;   Btorc-1 scs,  two;    magazine,  bakcrj  :   stables,  three;   forage-house,  workshops. 

The  buildings  are  constructed  of  « 1  and  stone,  principally  stone,  and  are  in  fair  condition. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  269 

FORT  CONCnO,  TEXAS. 

[See  page  II.] 

Location.— Latitude  32  \!i.  longitude  10J  22'.  Nearest  telcgrapli-statiou  al  San  Antonio,  215  miles  distant; 
nearest  railroad  at  Austin,  aboul  the  same  distance.  Good  wagon-roads  south,  cast,  and  west.  Communication  by 
stages. 

[See,  also,  page  H.] 

i,n  tm  ers,  Ac. — Quai  ters  for  eighl  companies,  some  of  which  are  yel  in  process  of  construction ;  officers'  quarters, 
seven   buildings;    hospital,  twenty-four  beds;   guard-house;    store-houses,  two;   corrals,  three,  with  stables  in 
magazine,  workshops,  .V  c.     All  the  buildings  are  of  stone,  ami  well  built. 


FORT  GRIFFIN,  TEXAS. 

[See  page 

Location. — Latitude  :'•■.'  51',  longitude  99  40'.  Posl  office  al  the  post.  Nearest  railroad  and  telegraph-stafion  at 
( lorsicana,  Texas,  about  180  miles  distant.     San  Antonio  305  miles  distant. 

page  -15.] 

Quarters,  &c. — Quarters  r<>r  sis  companies  ami  band;  officers'  quarters,  eleven  sets;  adjutant's  office,  hospital, 
guard-house  ;  store-houses,  five;  forage-house,  bakery  :  stables,  four  open  sheds ;  workshops,  laundresses'  quarters,  &c. 
All  the  buildings  arc  temporary  structures,  of  wood,  in  \  ei  j  poor  condition,  and  inadequate  in  capacity. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermaster's  and  subsisteno  stores  are  furnished  from  depots  al  Saint  Louis,  New 
Orleans,  ami  San  Antonio.  From  Saint  Louis,  via  Fort  Gibson,  Indian  Territory,  and  Fort  Richardson,  Texas,  by  rail 
and  contract-trains;  total  distance,  879  miles.  From  New  Orleans,  via  Galveston  and  Corsicana,  306  miles  by  water. 
271  miles  by  rail,  and  180  miles  bj  wagons;  total,  757.     From  Sau  Antonio,  via  Fort  Mason,  305  miles  bj  wagon 


FORT  RICHARDSON,  TEXAS. 

[Sit  page  52.  I 

Lo<  vniix. — Latitude  33  15',  longitude  9c  .  Nearest  telegragh  and  railroad  (Texas  Central)  station  al  Corsicana, 
Texas,  130  miles  distant;  Austin  'J  in  miles,  and  Sau  Antonio  320  miles  distant.     (See  also  page  52. 1 

i,;  i  lrters,  &  c. — Quarters  tor  seven  companies  of  cavalry  ami  lour  companies  of  infantry  :  officers'  quai  ters,  eleven 
buildings,  with  necessary  out-buildings ;  offices,  three ;  library;  hospital;  guard-house;  store-houses;  quartermaster's, 
two;  commissary, one ;  ordnance,  one:  forage-house;  magazine;  bakery;  workshops;  laundresses'  quarters;  stables, 
six;  corral.  The  hospital,  commissary  store-house,  one  quartermaster's  store- house, bakery,  magazine,  and  guard- 
house are  built  of  stone  :  all  the  other  buildings  are  constructed  of  wood  and  pickets. 

Supply-depots,  &c— Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  store  are  furnished  from  depots  at  New  Orleans  and  Saint 
Louis.     From  New  Orleans  the  route  is  via  Corsicana,  and  from  Sain  I  Louis  through  the  Indian  Territory. 


FORT  STOCKTON,  TEXAS. 
[  Sec  page  56.] 

Location. — As  described  on  page  56.    On  Comanche  Creek  and  line  of  the  great  Comanche  trail,  the  b 
from  San  Antonio  to  Old  audNew  Mexico  and  California,  74  miles  northeast  of  Fort  Davis.     Post-office  al    the  p 
Nearest  telegraph  at  San  Antonio,  392  miles  distant.     Nearest  railroad  al  Austin,  about  470  miles  distant. 

Quarters,  &C. — Quarters  for  four  companies;  officers' quarters,  eight  buildings,  with  accommodations  for  i 
officers;  adjutant  and  quartermaster's  offices;  hospital;  guard-honse;  magazine;  bakery;  store-house,  with  capacity 
for  quartermaster's  and  subsistence  stores  for  four  hundred  men  for  si\-  months;  workshops;  stables  tor  one  hundred 
horses.    All  the  buildings  are  constructed  of  adobe,  excepting  the  guard-house  and  magazine,  which  are  built  of  stone. 


270  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITARY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS. 

POET  DAVIS,  TEXAS. 
[See  page  13.] 

LOCATION.— As  described  on  page  13.     Nearest  railroad  and  telegraph  station  at  Austin.  430  miles  distant. 

Qi  irters,  <&  a— Quarters  for  four  companies;  officers'  quarters,  ten  buildings  ;  adjutant     o  chapel;  hospital ; 

guard-house;  store-houses,  two ;  bakery;  forage-hou  ;  corrals,  two;  workshops;  one  building  with  corral  in 

use  by  Government  employe's.    All  the  buildin  adobe,  excepting  four  of  the  officers' quarters  and  the  guard- 

house, which  are  buill  of  cut  stone. 


FORT  BROWN,  TEXAS. 

[See  page  40.] 


I'm  \iion. — As  described  on  page  10.    Post-office  and  telegraph-station  in  Brownsville.    No  railroads  in  the  vicinity. 
River  steamers  run  between  Brazos  Santiago  and  the  post;  also  to  Ringgold  Barracks,  121  mile  above. 
Quarters,  &c. — About  the  same  as  described  on  page 


POST  OF  RINGGOLD   BARRACKS,  TEXAS. 

[See  page  53.] 

Location. —  As  described  on  page  53.  s 

Quarters,  &.C. — Quarters  for  four  companies,  with  out-buildings,  n<  v, ,  built  of  brick  and  well  constructed  :  officers' 

quarters,  nine  sets,  new  brick  buildings;  hospital,  new,  built  of  brick;  guard-house;  store-houses,  two;  bakery;  sta  i 

and  corral.    Additional  quarters  for  officers  are  in  course  of  construi  tion.    The  old  buildings  consisl  of  one  two-story 

frame  barrack  and  five  sets  of  officers'  quarters. 

Supply-depots,  tVr. — Quartermaster's  and  subsistence  stores  furnished  from  depot  at  New  Orleans,  via  Brownsville, 

by  water  transportation. 


fort  Mcintosh,  texas. 

18.  ] 

Location.— As  described  on  page  18.  Post-office  at  the  post.  Nearest  telegraph  at  San  Antonio,  ISO  miles  distant. 
Nearest  railroad-station  at  Victoria,  (Victoria  and  Indiauola  Railroad,)  about  200  miles  di 

Quarters,  &C. — Quarters  for  two  c<  tion;  store-house,  stone  buildings, 28  by  61  feet,  used  at 

present  as  barracks :  officers'  quarters  in  course  of  erection,  one  of  the  buildings,  e  I  completion  :  hospital.  136 

h\  40  feet,  built  of  stone;  guard-house,  stone;  bakery,  stone  :  cavalry  stables,  25  bj   188  feet,  b  iod,  unfinished  ; 

lour  adobe  buildings  in  use  as  officers'  quarters,  offices,  workshops.  >Ve. 

Supply-depots,  &c. — Quartermaster's  stores  furnished  from  the  depot  at  New  Orleans  via  Brazos  to  Ringgold  Bar- 
racks bj  water, thence  118  miles  by  laud ;  total dista  tiles.  Subsistence  stores  from  Fort  Brown  (Brownsville) 
via  Ringgold  Barracks. 

Reservation. — None.     Private  lands  occupied,  and  n     taken  to  obtain  a  lease. 


FORT  DUNCAN,  TEXAS. 

Location. — As  described  on  page  44.  Po  ;  listant. 
Nearest  railroad  at  Austin,  distant  250  miles. 

Qt  irters,  &c. — Quarters  for  four  companies,  i  f  adobe  and  one  of  stone ;  officers'  quarters, 

stone  and  adobe  buildings, of  ample  accommodations;  hospital  built  of  stone;  guard-house,  stone ;  store-houses,  two, 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  MILITAEY  POSTS  AND  STATIONS.  271 

built  of  si :    magazine,  stone;  bakery,  buill   of  adobe;  adjutant's  office,  stone;  stables,  two,  one  built  of  wood  aud 

one  of  stone  and  wood  :  \\  orksbops,  &  c.    Tbe  hospital  and  guard-bouse  are  in  poor  condition. 

Indiana. — A  band  of  Seminole  negro  Indians   reside  on  i  be  i  e  sen  a1  ion,  mhi f  whom  arc  employed  as  scouts  and 

trailers.  Bands  of  tbe  Kiekapoo,  Lipaus,  Mescalero,  and  Apache  tribes  depredate  in  tbe  vicinity,  and  arc  all  hostile; 
ICickapoos  in  Mexico  estimated  at  1,200 :  Apaches,  about  500;  Lilians  and  Mescaleros  live  together,  an. I  range  between 
Mexico  and  Texas. 


FORT  QUITMAN,  TEXAS. 

[See  page  51.] 

Location. — Latitude  31     10',  longitude  105     in.    Nearest  telegraph  at  Sama  1  ■'.'■.  \rw  Mexico,about   100  miles  dis- 
tant.    (Sec,  also,  page  51.) 

Qi  irtbrs,  &c. — Quarters  for  two  companies;  quarters  for  ten  officers;  adjutant's  office ;  hospital;   guard-house; 
store-houses,  two;  bakery :  work  hops.     All  the  foregoing  buildings  are  constructed  of  adobe,  and  a1  present  are  in 
poor  condition.    Cavalry  sbeds  and  corrals  built  of  wood. 


TOUT  BLISS,  TEXAS. 

4 

[  See  page  39.] 

Location. — As  described  on  page  39.    Nearest   telegraph  at  Santa   Fe",  330  miles  distant.    San  Vntonio  about  GOO 

mill's  distant.  1  i six  days  by  stage ;  mail  twice  a  week.     Daily  mail  by  mounted  carrier  to  and  from  Santa  Fe,  and 

by  stage  weekly.     No  railroad  near. 

Qt  vrtkrs,  &c. — No  Government  buildings.     Five  buildings  rented,  described  on  pag<  39 


fort  sill,  indiax  territory. 

[  See  page  210.] 

i.i  itiox. — As  described  on  page  '-'In.  Nearest  railroad  and  telegraph-station  is  McAlester,  mi  the  Missouri,  Kansas 
and  Texas  Railroad,  160  miles  distant.  During  August,  ]-'■!.  tin-  raihoad  »ill  in-  completed  t"  Boggy  Depot,  which 
point  is  115  miles  dun  cast  of  the  post. 

i,i;  irters,  &c. — Quarters  for  six  compat  pied  at   present  1>,\  nine  companies,  with  out-buildings,  buill  of 

stoui  :  stockade  building,  with  ai mmodation  for  one  company;  commanding  officer's  quarters,  and  ten  double  sets 

officers'  quarters;  guard-house,  office;  store-houses,  three;  bake-house,  work-shops,  corrals,  new  stone  buildings; 
commissary  store-bouse,  built  of  logs  on  stone  foundation;  hospital  and  two  additional  store-houses,  with  cellars  in 
course  of  construction.    Tin-  new  buildings  air  in  good  condition. 

Suri'l.Y-DEPOTS,  &c. — Supplies  furnished  from  depots  at  Fort  Leavenworth  and  Saint  Louis,  by  rail  and  contract- 
trains. 

Subsistence. —  U>ou1  four  months'  subsistence  kept  on  hand. 

Reservation. — Declared  bj  the  President,  Octobei  7, 1871.     Area,  3G  square  miles. 


FORT  GIBSON,  INDIAN  TERRITORY. 
[Established  in  1824.    Sec  page  202.] 

i  ,i  M  ■  wion. — As  described  on  page  202.    Telegraph  and  railroad-statiou  at  Muscogee,  -  miles  distant,  on  tin   Mis 
Kansas  and  Texas  Railroad.    Talequab,  the  capital  of  the  Cherokee  Nation,  21  miles  distant  in  a  northeasterly  direction. 

Quarters,  &c-  Quarters  for  two  hundred  men,  stone  building  with  slate  roof;  officers' quarters,  one  stone  and 
three  wooden  buildings;  adjutant's  office,  built  of  stone;  hospital,  of  wood ;  guard-house,  of  w  ood  ;  magazine,  nt*  -tone  ; 
store-houses,  three,  two  of  stone  and  one  of  wend,  (old,  with  stone  basement :  bakery,  of  wood ;  si  aides  and  stable- 
yard,  built  lit'  stun.- :  workshops,  &c.     All  the  buildings  are  in  good  condition. 

Reservation.— Declared  by  the  1 'resident .  Jan  nary  25,  1870.     Area,  about  -  square  miles. 


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